| 词条 | Piper Mountain Wilderness |
| 释义 |
| name = Piper Mountain Wilderness | iucn_category = Ib | photo = | photo_caption = | map = USA | relief = 1 | map_caption = Map of the United States | location = Inyo County, California | nearest_city = Bishop, California | coordinates = {{coord|37|19|22|N|117|55|37|W|region:US|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coords_ref = | area = {{convert|72575|acre}} | established = 1994 | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = Department of the Interior / Bureau of Land Management }} The Piper Mountain Wilderness is a federally designated wilderness area located in the White Mountains {{convert|20|mi}} northeast of Big Pine, California in Inyo County, California. The Wilderness Area was created by the 1994 California Desert Protection Act, and encompasses {{convert|72575|acre}} of Great Basin wildlands, east of the Owens Valley and west of the Eureka Valley.[1] GeographyThere are three separate units of the wilderness, separated by vehicle corridors, with elevations from {{convert|3430|ft|m}} to {{convert|8805|ft}}.[2] The landscape is characterized by steep mountains, narrow canyons, sloping alluvial fans and level floodplains. It includes a subrange of the Inyo Mountains called the Chocolate Mountains, a northwestern section of the Last Chance Range and the upper end of Eureka Valley which is immediately north of Death Valley National Park. The highest peaks of the wilderness are in the Chocolate Mountains and include Mount Nunn (7,815 feet[3]) and Lime Hill (6,532 feet[4]). The wilderness's namesake Piper Mountain (labeled 'Chocolate Mountain' on topo maps) rises to an elevation of {{convert|7546|ft|m}}.[5] TopographyThe vehicle corridors that break the continuity of the Piper Wilderness Area into three parts were a concession made when the area was added to the California Desert Protection Act.
Flora and faunaDesert vegetation include xeric shrublands of Creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) in the lower valleys. Plants in the higher elevations include: Shadscale (Atriplex confertifolia), Littleleaf Horsebrush (Tetradymia axillaris), Stansbury cliffrose (Purshia stansburiana), Desert-olive (Forestiera pubescens) and Mormon tea (Ephedra californica) on . North-facing high elevation slopes are studded with Single-leaf Pinyon (Pinus monophylla) and California juniper (Juniperus californica). Within the wilderness grows one of the northernmost stands of Joshua Tree (Yucca brevifolia), at the base of the Inyo Mountains. Rare wildflowers include black milkvetch or Funeral Mountain milkvetch (Astragalus funereus), and the cactus Redspined fishhook cactus or Mojave fish hook cactus (Sclerocactus polyancistrus), which grows in Joshua tree "woodland" communities. There are three areas within the wilderness that are habitat for the Desert Bighorn Sheep. RecreationRecreational opportunities are day-hiking and backpacking with solitude almost guaranteed as the wilderness is very lightly used. The Bureau of Land Management oversees the Piper Wilderness and does not require any permits for visitors. Because the Piper Mountain Wilderness Area received federal protection so recently, the {{convert|19|mi|km}} of trail are actually closed four-wheel drive roads. Water and recreationWater is the single most limiting factor when exploring this desert wilderness. Caching water is possible in many locations because of the road corridors through the area. The majority of visitors are students from Deep Springs College in Deep Springs Valley, located between highway 168 and the western edge of the wilderness. Most often hiked is the deep notch of the Soldier Pass Canyon which extends east to west in the Chocolate Mountains. Maps dating to 1879 show a "Soldier Pass" label.[6] The eastern face of the Chocolate Mountains rise {{convert|2000|ft|m}} above the canyon mouth with the canyon narrowing as it rises in elevation. The broad saddle of Soldier Pass is gained after {{convert|3.2|mi|km}} and is at an elevation of {{convert|5500|ft|m}}. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) encourages the practice of Leave No Trace principles of wilderness travel to help protect the fragile desert environment. See also
Footnotes1. ^Text of bill from Library of Congress website accessed 9-4-08 2. ^http://www.blm.gov/ca/pa/wilderness/wa/areas/piper_mountain.html 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:252359|title=GNIS Detail - Mount Nunn|author=|date=|website=geonames.usgs.gov}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1658960|title=GNIS Detail - Lime Hill|author=|date=|website=geonames.usgs.gov}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:253759|title=GNIS Detail - Chocolate Mountain|author=|date=|website=geonames.usgs.gov}} 6. ^Adkinson, Ron p.102 References
External links
5 : Wilderness Areas of California|Protected areas of the Mojave Desert|Protected areas of Inyo County, California|Inyo Mountains|Bureau of Land Management areas in California |
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