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词条 Pitt–Newcastle ministry
释义

  1. The Ministry

  2. See also

  3. References

  4. Bibliography

{{See also|11th Parliament of Great Britain}}{{EngvarB|date=July 2016}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}{{multiple image
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| image1 = William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham by Richard Brompton cropped.jpg
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| footer = Pitt the Elder (above) and the Duke of Newcastle (bottom)
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The Pitt–Newcastle ministry governed the Kingdom of Great Britain between 1757 and 1762, at the height of the Seven Years' War.[1] It was headed by Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, who was serving in his second term as Prime Minister. The most influential and famous figure in the government however was William Pitt, who served as Secretary of State.

The ministry ended a period of political instability, when Britain had struggled in the war. Pitt was a strong war leader, but lacked the support in parliament necessary to provide effective leadership. Newcastle provided this, as he has a strong base of support in the House of Commons. They divided duties between them: Pitt directed defence and foreign policy, while Newcastle controlled the nation's finances and patronage.

The ministry was very successful leading Britain to many victories in the war, particularly in the so-called Annus Mirabilis of 1759, which put the country in an immensely strong position by 1761. That year Pitt resigned over a dispute concerning the entry of Spain into the war. The ministry had been under pressure since the death of the old King with the accession of King George III, who disliked both Pitt and Newcastle and favoured John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute. Bute had joined the Cabinet as Northern Secretary in March 1761, and following Pitt's resignation the ministry was sometimes referred to as the Bute–Newcastle coalition.[1][2]

In 1762 Newcastle was forced to resign, with his followers (the "Pelhamites") sacked by Bute in the "Massacre of the Pelhamite Innocents";[3][4][5] this is traditionally considered to have been the moment the ministry collapsed.{{sfn|Middleton|1985|p=209}}

The Ministry

It is unclear who was member of the ministry.{{clarify|date=July 2018}}

Office Name Term
  • First Lord of the Treasury[6]
  • Leader of the House of Lords}}
 The Duke of Newcastle 1757–1762
{{plainlist|
  • Chancellor of the Exchequer[7]
  • Second Lord of the Treasury}}
 Hon. Henry Bilson Legge 1757–1761
The Viscount Barrington 1761–1762
Lord Chancellor[8] Sir Robert Henley, to 1761 as Lord Keeper; from 1760 The Lord Henley 1757–1762
Lord President of the Council[9] The Earl Granville 1757–1762
Lord Privy Seal[10] The Earl Temple 1757–1761
In commission 1761
The Duke of Bedford 1761–1762
Leader of the House of Commons William Pitt the Elder 1757–1761
George Grenville, also Treasurer of the Navy 1761–1762
Secretary of State for the Southern Department[11] William Pitt the Elder 1757–1761
The Earl of Egremont 1761–1762
Secretary of State for the Northern Department[11] The Earl of Holderness 1757–1761
The Earl of Bute 1761–1762
Master-General of the Ordnance[12] The Duke of Marlborough 1757–1758
Vacant 1758–1759
The Viscount Ligonier 1759–1762
First Lord of the Admiralty[13] The Lord Anson 1757–1762
Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland[14] The Duke of Argyll 1757–1761
The Duke of Queensberry and Dover 1761–1762
Lord Chamberlain of the Household[15] The Duke of Devonshire 1757–1762
Lord Steward of the Household The Duke of Rutland 1757–1761
The Earl Talbot 1761–1762
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster The Lord Edgcumbe 1757–1758
The Earl of Kinnoull 1758/59[16]–1762
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland The Duke of Bedford 1757–1761
The Earl of Halifax 1761–1762
Master of the Horse[17] The Earl Gower 1757–1760
The Earl of Huntingdon 1760–1761
The Duke of Rutland 1761–1762
Paymaster of the Forces The Lord Holland 1757–1765

See also

  • Great Britain in the Seven Years' War
  • Pitt–Devonshire ministry

References

1. ^1 {{Cite book |title=British Historical Facts, 1760–1830|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bmq0C-S3NOUC|author1=Chris Cook|author2=John Stevenson|publisher=Archon Books |year=1980 |isbn=0208018689 |pages=11}}
2. ^{{cite book |first1=Lewis |last1=Namier |first2=John |last2=Brooke |title=The House of Commons 1754–1790 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |year=1985 |page=518 |isbn=9780436304200}}
3. ^{{cite book|last1=Roberts|first1=Clayton|last2=Roberts|first2=David F.|last3=Bisson|first3=Douglas|title=A History of England, Volume 2: 1688 to the Present|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UoqTDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA311|date=July 2016|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-315-50960-0|page=311}}
4. ^{{cite book|last=Kelch|first=Ray A.|title=Newcastle; a Duke Without Money: Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1693-1768|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D2vQZNjvWbIC&pg=PA178|year=1974|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-02537-0|page=178}}
5. ^{{cite web |last=Bloy |first=Marjie |title=The Massacre of the Pelhamite Innocents |date=30 April 2017 |accessdate=16 August 2017 |url=http://www.historyhome.co.uk/c-eight/constitu/massacre.htm}}
6. ^{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=buoKAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Book+of+Dignities%22&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false | title= Haydn's Book of Dignities, 1851, page 112}}
7. ^{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=buoKAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Book+of+Dignities%22&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false | title= Haydn's Book of Dignities, 1851, page 168}}
8. ^{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=buoKAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Book+of+Dignities%22&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false | title= Haydn's Book of Dignities, 1851, page 105}}
9. ^{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=buoKAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Book+of+Dignities%22&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false | title= Haydn's Book of Dignities, 1851, page 119}}
10. ^{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=buoKAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Book+of+Dignities%22&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false | title= Haydn's Book of Dignities, 1851, page 147}}
11. ^1 {{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=buoKAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Book+of+Dignities%22&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false | title= Haydn's Book of Dignities, 1851, page 172}}
12. ^{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=buoKAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Book+of+Dignities%22&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false | title= Haydn's Book of Dignities, 1851, page 192}}
13. ^{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=buoKAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Book+of+Dignities%22&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false | title= Haydn's Book of Dignities, 1851, page 160}}
14. ^{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=buoKAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Book+of+Dignities%22&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false | title= Haydn's Book of Dignities, 1851, page 401}}
15. ^{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=buoKAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Book+of+Dignities%22&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false | title= Haydn's Book of Dignities, 1851, page 206}}
16. ^Kinnoull and Duchy of Lancaster have different dates stated for the change due to the death of The Lord Edgcumbe on 25 December 1758.
17. ^{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=buoKAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Book+of+Dignities%22&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false | title= Haydn's Book of Dignities, 1851, page 209}}

Bibliography

  • {{cite book| last=Middleton |first= Richard | title= The Bells of Victory: The Pitt-Newcastle Ministry and the Conduct of the Seven Years' War, 1757–1762 |publisher= Cambridge University Press |date= 1985 | ref=harv }}
{{S-start}}{{Succession box | before=Caretaker ministry | title=Government of Great Britain | after=Bute ministry | years=1757–1762}}{{S-end}}{{British ministries}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Pitt-Newcastle ministry}}

10 : British ministries|Whig (British political party)|1757 establishments in Great Britain|1762 disestablishments in Great Britain|1750s in Great Britain|1760s in Great Britain|Ministries of George II of Great Britain|Ministries of George III of the United Kingdom|Cabinets established in 1757|Cabinets disestablished in 1762
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