| 词条 | Plant sources of anti-cancer agents |
| 释义 |
BackgroundIn the 1950s, scientists began systematically examining natural organisms as a source of useful anti-cancer substances.[1] It has recently been argued that "the use of natural products has been the single most successful strategy in the discovery of novel medicines".[3] Plants need to defend themselves from attack by micro-organisms, in particular fungi, and they do this by producing anti-fungal chemicals that are toxic to fungi. Because fungal and human cells are similar at a biochemical level it is often the case that chemical compounds intended for plant defence have an inhibitory effect on human cells, including human cancer cells.[4] Those plant chemicals that are selectively more toxic to cancer cells than normal cells have been discovered in screening programs and developed as chemotherapy drugs[5] Research and development processSome plants that indicate potential as an anticancer agent in laboratory-based in vitro research – for example, Typhonium flagelliforme,[6] and Murraya koenigii[7] are currently being studied. There can be many years between promising laboratory work and the availability of an effective anti-cancer drug: Monroe Eliot Wall discovered anti-cancer properties in Camptotheca in 1958, but it was not until 1996 – after further research and rounds of clinical trials – that topotecan, a synthetic derivative of a chemical in the plant, was approved for use by the US Food and Drug Administration.[9] Plants
The cancer treatment drug topotecan is a synthetic chemical compound similar in chemical structure to camptothecin which is found in extracts of Camptotheca (happy tree).[8]
Two chemotherapy drugs, etoposide and teniposide, are synthetic chemical compounds similar in chemical structure to the toxin podophyllotoxin which is found in Podophyllum peltatum (May Apple).[1]
Chemicals extracted from clippings of Taxus brevifolia (Pacific yew) have been used as the basis for two chemotherapy drugs, docetaxel and paclitaxel.[9]
Contains ingenol mebutate (Picato) which is used to treat skin cancer[10]
See also
References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal | doi=10.1016/j.jep.2005.05.011 | title=Plants as a source of anti-cancer agents | year=2005 | last1=Cragg | first1=Gordon M. | last2=Newman | first2=David J. | journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology | volume=100 | pages=72–9 | pmid=16009521 | issue=1–2}} 2. ^{{cite journal | doi = 10.3329/bjp.v1i2.486 | title = Anticancer agents from medicinal plants | year = 2008 | last1 = Shoeb | first1 = Mohammad | journal = Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology | volume = 1 | issue = 2}} 3. ^{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/S0165-6147(02)02007-2|title=Functional versus chemical diversity: Is biodiversity important for drug discovery?|year=2002|last1=Tulp|first1=Martin|last2=Bohlin|first2=Lars|journal=Trends in Pharmacological Sciences|volume=23|issue=5|pages=225–31|pmid=12008000}} 4. ^{{cite journal | pmc = 88926 | pmid=10515904 | volume=12 | title=Antifungal activities of antineoplastic agents: Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system to study drug action | year=1999 | journal=Clin. Microbiol. Rev. | pages=583–611 | last1 = Cardenas | first1 = ME | last2 = Cruz | first2 = MC | last3 = Del Poeta | first3 = M | last4 = Chung | first4 = N | last5 = Perfect | first5 = JR | last6 = Heitman | first6 = J}} 5. ^http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/camptothecintaxol.html 6. ^{{cite journal | doi = 10.3923/jpt.2008.449.456 | title = Anticancerous Effect of Typhonium flagelliforme on Human T4-Lymphoblastoid Cell Line CEM-ss | year = 2008 | last1 = Mohan | first1 = S. | last2 = Bustamam | first2 = A. | last3 = Ibrahim | first3 = S. | last4 = s. Al-Zubairi | first4 = A. | last5 = Aspollah | first5 = M. | journal = Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology | volume = 3 | issue = 6 | pages = 449–456}} 7. ^{{cite journal | doi = 10.3390/molecules16087155 | title = The Growth Suppressing Effects of Girinimbine on Hepg2 Involve Induction of Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest | year = 2011 | last1 = Syam | first1 = Suvitha | last2 = Abdul | first2 = Ahmad Bustamam | last3 = Sukari | first3 = Mohd. Aspollah | last4 = Mohan | first4 = Syam | last5 = Abdelwahab | first5 = Siddig Ibrahim | last6 = Wah | first6 = Tang Sook | journal = Molecules | volume = 16 | issue = 8 | pages = 7155–70 | pmid = 21862957}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://dtp.nci.nih.gov/TIMELINE/NOFLASH/success_stories/s14_topotecan.htm|publisher=National Cancer Institute|title=Topotecan (NSC 609699)|accessdate=August 2013}} 9. ^{{cite web|publisher=Cancer Research UK|url=http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/cancer-help/about-cancer/cancer-questions/yew-clippings-to-make-chemotherapy|accessdate=August 2013|title=Yew clippings to make chemotherapy}} 10. ^{{cite journal | pmid=25561218| year=2015| author1=Zarchi| first1=K| title=Actinic Keratosis| journal=Current Problems in Dermatology| volume=46| pages=136–42| last2=Jemec| first2=G. B.| doi=10.1159/000366549| chapter=Ingenol Mebutate: From Common Weed to Cancer Cure| series=Current Problems in Dermatology| isbn=978-3-318-02762-4}} 11. ^{{cite journal | pmc=4206612| year=2014| author1=Peddi| first1=P. F.| title=Ado-trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer: Latest evidence and clinical potential| journal=Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology| volume=6| issue=5| pages=202–209| last2=Hurvitz| first2=S. A.| doi=10.1177/1758834014539183| pmid=25342987}} External links
2 : Medicinal plants|Cancer research |
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