| 词条 | Plato's beard |
| 释义 |
DoctrineQuine defined Plato's beard in the following words:
The argument has been favored by prominent philosophers including Bertrand Russell, A. J. Ayer and C. J. F. Williams.[3] Declaring that not p (¬p) can't exist, one may be forced to abandon truisms such as negation and modus tollens. There are also variations to Quine's original, which included its application both to singular and general terms.[4] Quine initially applied the doctrine to singular terms only before expanding it so that it covers general terms as well.[4] Karl Popper stated the inverse. "Only if Plato's beard is sufficiently tough, and tangled by many entities, can it be worth our while to use Ockham's razor."[5] Russell's theory of "singular descriptions", which clearly show "how we might meaningfully use seeming names without supposing that there be the entities allegedly named", is supposed to "detangle" Plato's beard.[6][7]The Indian philosophical system Vaisheshika has a distinct category called "Abhava" (non-existence). It deals with this concept in detail, classifying it into absolute, anterior, posterior and reciprocal non-existence. Similarly, the philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre was famously preoccupied with the being of nonbeing, as evidenced by his best-known work, Being and Nothingness. See also
References1. ^{{Cite book|title=American Phoenix: John Quincy and Louisa Adams, the War of 1812, and the Exile that Saved American Independence|last=Cook|first=Jane|publisher=Thomas Nelson|year=2013|isbn=9781595555410|location=Nashville|pages=186}} 2. ^{{cite wikisource |title=On What There Is |first=Willard Van Orman |last=Quine |year=1948}} 3. ^{{cite book|last=Vallicella|first=William F.|title=A paradigm theory of existence: onto-theology vindicated|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=39-nB4lHdf0C&pg=PA112|accessdate=3 November 2010|year=2002|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4020-0887-0|page=112}} 4. ^1 {{Cite book|title=Mental Symbols: A Defence of the Classical Theory of Mind|last=Novak|first=Peter|publisher=Springer Science+Business Media, B.V.|year=2012|isbn=9789401063746|location=New York|pages=40}} 5. ^{{cite book | last = Popper | first = Karl | authorlink = Karl Popper | title = Objective Knowledge | publisher = Clarendon Press | series = | volume = | edition = | date = 1972 | location = | pages = | language = | url =https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/at/popper.htm | doi = | id = | isbn = | mr = | zbl = | jfm = }} 6. ^{{Cite book|title=Existence as a Real Property: The Ontology of Meinongianism|last=Berto|first=Francesco|publisher=Springer|year=2013|isbn=9789400742062|location=Dordrecht|pages=28}} 7. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=JYBUCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT627&dq=plato's+beard+russell+singular+descriptions&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiEyOaQgOzeAhXNGDQIHUHrDUYQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=plato's%20beard%20russell%20singular%20descriptions&f=false|title=An Historical Introduction to the Philosophy of Mathematics: A Reader|last=Marcus|first=Russell|last2=McEvoy|first2=Mark|date=2016-02-11|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9781472529480|language=en}} Further reading
External links
2 : Willard Van Orman Quine|Logical paradoxes |
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