“Playdead”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Playdead ApS is a Danish independent video game developer based in Copenhagen. Game designers Arnt Jensen and Dino Patti created the company in 2006 to develop Limbo, which released in 2010 to critical acclaim.^[1]^[2] After a year of Xbox 360 exclusivity, Playdead released ports of the game to PlayStation 3, Microsoft Windows, macOS, IOS and Android.

During Xbox's E3 2014 conference, Playdead announced their second game, Inside, which was a spiritual successor to Limbo. It was released for Xbox One, Microsoft Windows, and PlayStation 4 in 2016 to critical acclaim, and was hailed as a worthy successor to Limbo.

History

Arnt Jensen, a former IO Interactive developer, drew sketches in 2004 that led him to conceptualize Limbo. Having tried programming himself, he eventually sought for additional help through an art-based teaser for the game in 2006. This led to a meeting between Jensen and Dino Patti. Patti soon realized the project was larger than the two of them, and together they founded the company, initially using their private funds and government grants before obtaining larger investments.^[3] Playdead eventually came to have eight employees during Limbo{{'s}} development, with temporary increases of up to 16 through freelancers. Limbo{{'s}} success led them to be able to reacquire the company back from investors, making Playdead completely independent.^[4]

Within the same year as Limbo{{'s}} release, Playdead began working on Project 2, what would later become Inside. The game was partially financed by the Danish Film Institute.^[5]^[6]^[7] Considered a spiritual successor to Limbo, Inside has many of the same themes, including being a 2.5D platform game using a primarily monochrome palette.^[8] After using a custom game engine for Limbo, Playdead used Unity to simplify development and a custom temporal anti-aliasing filter which was released in March 2016 under an open-source license. The game was officially announced at the E3 2014 with planned release in 2015,^[9] was later pushed to mid-2016 for further refinement,^[10] but had a demo at PAX Prime in August 2015. Martin Stig Andersen created the soundtrack again after Limbo, creating sound via bone conduction with a human skull. Inside was first released in June for Xbox One, and later on Microsoft Windows, and received more overwhelming praise than Limbo.^[11]

Shortly after the release of Inside, on 19 July 2016, Patti left the company, selling his shares to Jensen. Patti felt that he was leaving Playdead "in a state where it can definitely manage itself", and stated "Following almost 10 incredible years building Playdead from an idea to two dents in the games industry, I'm leaving to seek new challenges."^[12] Danish newspaper Dagbladet Børsen reported that a rift had developed between Patti and Jensen around 2015,^[13] that Patti described to Kotaku as "the supposed timeline for the next project(s) and where I am in my life now".^[14] The rift led to Jensen submitting a resignation letter to Patti from his position as creative director, though intending to stay on as a company executive. The letter had been misinterpreted by Patti as a full resignation from the company, and he subsequently removed Jensen's name from the Central Business Register for Playdead. This led to confrontation between the two and their representative lawyers that required intervention of the Danish Business Authority to resolve.^[13] This ultimately led to Patti being forced to take a payout of 50 million Danish krones (about {{US$|7.2 million|link=yes}}) for his shares.^[13] Patti was disappointed on the way his involvement with Playdead ended, but said that "Arnt has been a really good friend and business partner for many years".^[14]^[15]^[13] Patti went on to found a new UK-based studio, Jumpship, along with film animator Chris Olsen, by June 2017.^[16]

Playdead's third game, which has been teased as early as January 2017, will be a "fairly lonely sci-fi game somewhere in the universe", according to Jensen.^[17]^[18] This game will likely use a third-person perspective within a 3D world, as Jensen stated that the studio has "been tired of the limitations in 2D games".^[19]

Games developed

References

1. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/117986/Road_To_The_IGF_Limbos_Dino_Patti.php | title = Road To The IGF: Limbo's Dino Patti | last = Alexander | first = Leigh | date = 18 February 2010 | website = Gamasutra | publisher = UBM TechWeb | accessdate = 19 July 2016}}
2. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2010/02/22/igf-factor-2010-limbo/ | title = IGF Factor 2010: Limbo | last = Gillen | first = Kieron | date = 22 February 2010 | website = Rock, Paper, Shotgun | accessdate = 19 July 2016}}
3. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.ign.com/articles/2010/09/14/how-limbo-came-to-life | title = How Limbo Came To Life | last = Thomsen | first = Michael | date = 14 September 2010 | website = IGN | publisher = IGN Entertainment | accessdate = 19 July 2016}}
4. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/126810/Limbo_Developer_Playdead_Buys_Itself_Back_From_Investors.php | title = Limbo Developer Playdead Buys Itself Back From Investors | last = Rose | first = Mike | date = 31 August 2011 | website = Gamasutra | publisher = UBM TechWeb | accessdate = 19 July 2016}}
5. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.vg247.com/2010/10/11/limbo-devs-working-on-new-ip/ | title = Limbo devs working on new IP | last = Cullen | first = Johnny | date = 11 October 2010 | website = VG247 | publisher = Videogaming247 | accessdate = 19 July 2016}}
6. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.engadget.com/2010/10/11/limbo-creators-working-on-new-ip/ | title = Limbo creators working on new IP | last = Schramm | first = Mike | date = 11 October 2010 | website = Engadget | publisher = AOL Tech | accessdate = 19 July 2016}}
7. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.polygon.com/2014/6/9/5793998/inside-playdead-xbox-one-e3-2014 | title = Inside is the next game from Limbo creators Playdead Studios | last = Kollar | first = Philip | date = 9 June 2014 | website = Polygon | publisher = Vox Media | accessdate = 19 July 2016}}
8. ^{{cite web | url = http://kotaku.com/5918203/thief-4-is-that-you | title = It's Time to Start Worrying About Thief 4 | author = Superannuation | date = 13 June 2012 | website = Kotaku | publisher = Gawker Media | accessdate = 19 July 2016}}
9. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/126729/Limbo_Developer_Playdead_Using_Unity_Engine_For_Next_Title.php | title = Limbo Developer Playdead Using Unity Engine For Next Title | last = Rose | first = Mike | date = 25 August 2011 | website = Gamasutra | publisher = UBM TechWeb | accessdate = 19 July 2016}}
10. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.destructoid.com/limbo-developer-s-follow-up-inside-sees-a-delay-293369.phtml | title = Limbo developer's follow-up 'Inside' sees a delay | last = Carter | first = Chris | date = 5 June 2015 | website = Destructoid | publisher = ModernMethod | accessdate = 19 July 2016}}
11. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.ign.com/articles/2016/06/13/e3-2016-limbo-follow-up-inside-gets-a-release-date | title = E3 2016: Limbo Follow-Up Inside Gets a Release Date | last = Sanchez | first = Miranda | date = 13 June 2016 | website = IGN | publisher = IGN Entertainment | accessdate = 19 July 2016}}
12. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2016-07-19-dino-patti-leaving-playdead | title = Dino Patti leaving Playdead | last = Pearson | first = Dan | date = 19 July 2016 | website = GamesIndustry.biz | publisher = Gamer Network | accessdate = 19 July 2016}}
13. ^¹²{{cite web | url = http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2017-01-19-details-emerge-of-playdead-split | title = Details emerge of Playdead split | first = Dan |last = Pearson | date = 19 January 2017 | accessdate = 19 January 2017 | work = GamesIndustry.biz }}
14. ^¹{{cite web | url = http://borsen.dk/nyheder/avisen/artikel/11/160805/artikel.html | title = Gylden spilduo splitter efter magtkamp - stifter får 50 mio for at gå | first = Af Steffen | last = de Vries | date = 16 January 2017 | accessdate = 18 January 2017 | work = Dagbladet Børsen | language = da}}
15. ^¹{{cite web | url = http://kotaku.com/co-founder-of-inside-creators-gets-7-million-after-bus-1791348263 | title = Co-Founder Of Inside Creators Gets $7 Million After Business Breakup | first = Cecilia | last = D'Anastasio | date = 18 January 2017 | accessdate = 18 January 2017 | work = Kotaku }}
16. ^{{Cite web | url = http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/300605/Playdead_cofounder_Dino_Patti_helps_form_new_studio_Jumpship.php | title = Playdead co-founder Dino Patti helps form new studio, Jumpship | first = Chris | last = Kerr | date = 27 June 2017 | accessdate = 27 June 2017 | work = Gamasutra }}
17. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.pcgamesn.com/inside/playdead-new-game-sci-fi | title = Inside developer Playdead’s next game will be sci-fi | first = Rachel | last = Watts | date = 1 October 2018 | accessdate = 1 October 2018 | work = PCGamesN }}
18. ^{{cite web | url = http://www.gamespot.com/articles/limbo-inside-dev-teases-next-game/1100-6447112/ | title = Limbo, Inside Dev Teases Next Game | first = Oscar | last = Dayus | date = 20 January 2017 | accessdate = 20 January 2017 | work = GameSpot }}
19. ^{{cite web | url = https://www.pcgamesn.com/playdead-third-person | title = The Limbo and Inside studio is going 3D, third-person, and sci-fi for its next game | first = Richard | last = Scott-Jones | date = 2 November 2018 | accessdate = 2 November 2018 | work = PCGamesN }}

History

Games developed

References

External links