| 词条 | Plectroctena |
| 释义 |
| name = Plectroctena | image = Plectroctena sp ants.jpg | image_caption = Two workers in Tanzania | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Hymenoptera | familia = Formicidae | subfamilia = Ponerinae | tribus = Ponerini | genus = Plectroctena | genus_authority = F.Smith, 1858 | type_species = Plectroctena mandibularis | type_species_authority = F.Smith, 1858 | diversity_link = #Species | diversity = 17 species | diversity_ref = [1] | synonyms = Cacopone Santschi, 1914 }}Plectroctena is a Afrotropical genus of ants, with most species occurring in the rainforest zones of West and Central Africa.[2] Some species are cryptic or subterranean foragers,[2] while others forage in open grassland terrain. The workers forage singly[3] or in groups of 2 to 3.[4] They nest in the earth at varying depths, or in collapsed logs. They prey mainly on millipedes, including their young or eggs.[2] Colony structureA colony of P. lygaria (a small species of the mandibularis-group) may number in excess of 300 adults. An excavated colony in the Ivory Coast consisted of 277 workers, 8 alate queens, and 42 alate males. Consequently 15% of their number was allocated to reproductives at the specific time.[2] The colony size of P. mandibularis however, seldom exceeds 50 individuals.[2][3] NestsIn a colony of P. lygaria, the nest chambers are located at shallow depth, in moist soil under dense leaf litter. The deepest chamber may be located about 7 cm below the surface, with each chamber up to 1 cm in height.[2] The chambers are specialized to house either brood or prey items. Nests of the widespread species P. mandibularis however, are composed of chambers typically located 2 feet or more below the surface, with entrances that are usually marked by large piles of earth.[3][2] DietIt is believed that millipede eggs may at times constitute the exclusive diet of P. lygaria,[2] while newly emerged millipede young may be an additional food source for the smaller Plectroctena species. Larger species like P. conjugata, P. mandibularis and P. minor specialize on adult millipedes.[2] Species{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
References1. ^{{AntCat|430123|Plectroctena|2014|accessdate=4 July 2014}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite journal | last=Bolton | first=B. | last2=Gotwald | first2=W. H. | last3=Leroux | first3=J-M | title=A new West African ant of the genus Plectroctena with ecological notes (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) | journal=Annales de l'Université d'Abidjan, serié E (Ecologie) | year=1976 | url=http://gap.entclub.org/taxonomists/Bolton/Plectroctena.pdf | accessdate=5 September 2013 }}{{dead link|date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 3. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last=Arnold |first=G. |title=A monograph of the Formicidae in South Africa. Part I. |journal=Annals of the South African Museum |year=1915 |volume=14 |pages=1–159}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last=Bolton |first=B. |title=A revision of the Ponerine ant genus Plectroctena F. Smith (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) |journal=Bulletin of the British Museum |year=1974 |volume=30 |pages=309–338}} External links
3 : Ponerinae|Ant genera|Hymenoptera of Africa |
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