| 词条 | Pleurocybella porrigens |
| 释义 |
| image = Pleurocybella 050919low.jpg | image_width = 234px | image_caption = | regnum = Fungi | divisio = Basidiomycota | classis = Agaricomycetes | ordo = Agaricales | familia = Marasmiaceae | genus = Pleurocybella | species = P. porrigens | binomial = Pleurocybella porrigens | binomial_authority = (Pers.) Singer (1947)[1] }}{{mycomorphbox | name = Pleurocybella Porrigens | hymeniumType= gills | capShape = infundibuliform | stipeCharacter = bare | whichGills = decurrent | sporePrintColor = white | ecologicalType= saprotrophic | howEdible = caution }} Pleurocybella porrigens is a species of fungus in the Marasmiaceae family. The species is widespread in temperate forests of the Northern Hemisphere.[2] P. porrigens, known as the angel wing, is a white-rot wood-decay fungus on conifer wood, particularly hemlock (genus Tsuga).[3] The flesh is thin and fragile compared to the oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ssp.). Pleurocybella porrigens has historically been generally regarded as edible[3][5] but this has been brought into question by recent deaths apparently associated with P. porrigens consumption. Synonyms for Pleurocybella porrigens include Pleurotus porrigens, Phyllotus porrigens, Dendrosarcus porrigens, Pleurotellus porrigens, and Nothopanus porrigens. ToxicityAlthough P. porrigens is generally regarded as edible,[3][5] as of 2011, it has been implicated in two documented outbreaks involving fatal encephalopathy. Both incidents were in Japan, and most victims had pre-existing kidney disorders.[8][9] The first incident occurred in September and October 2004[11] across nine prefectures in Japan, and involved the sickening of 59 people and the eventual death of 17.[8] Most of those who died had pre-existing liver problems, and the average age of those affected was 70.[8] Death occurred between 13 and 29 days after the onset of symptoms, and the onset of symptoms occurred at most three weeks after consumption of P. porrigens.[11] The second incident occurred in 2009, when a 65-year-old man who had been on hemodialysis died from acute encephalopathy after eating P. porrigens.[8] The mechanism of action for the toxicity of P. porrigens has not been definitively established,[8] but several possibilities have been suggested. It has been demonstrated that P. porrigens contains an unusual unstable amino acid which is toxic to the brain cells of rats in cell culture studies,[8][18] but it has not yet been possible to definitively determine that this was the cause of the fatal encephalopathies.[8] Other mechanisms have been suggested for P. porrigenss apparent toxicity, including the possibility that the fungus may contain toxic levels of cyanide salts.[20] ConfusionPleurocybella porrigens received this name because of the extravagant form and for being non-gelatinous. Thus, it is quite difficult to confuse, for example with Cheimonophyllum sin. Pleurotus candidissimum (inedible),[1] Crepidotus mollis (inedible),[2] Panellus mitis (inedible)[3] or Pleurotus cornucopiae (edible),[4] Pleurotus ostreatus var. (white form, very delicious),[5] Pleurotus pulmonarius (edible),[6] but perhaps even with Cantharellus cibarius var. bicolored (very tasty[7] or Craterellus melanoxeros sin. Cantharellus janthinoxanthus (very tasty),[7] See also{{Portal|fungi}}
References1. ^[Rolf Singer: „Cheimonophyllum candidissimum (Berk. & M.A. Curtis)”, în: „ Sydowia”, vol. IX (1-6), Editura Ferdinand Berger & Söhne G.m.b.H., Viena 1955, p. 417 [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]2. ^Hans E. Laux: „Der große Pilzführer, Editura Kosmos, Halberstadt 2001, p. 334-335, {{ISBN|978-3-440-14530-2}} 3. ^Hans E. Laux: „Der große Pilzführer, Editura Kosmos, Halberstadt 2001, p. 192-193, {{ISBN|978-3-440-14530-2}} 4. ^Bruno Cetto: „Der große Pilzführer”, vol. 2, Editura BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Berna, Viena 1980, p. 476-477, {{ISBN|3-405-12081-0}} 5. ^I funghi dal vero, vol. 5, Editura Arte Grafiche Saturnia, Trento 1986, p. 418-419, {{ISBN|88-85013-37-6}} 6. ^Bruno Cetto: „Der große Pilzführer”, vol. 3, Editura BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Berna, Viena 1980, p. 414-415, {{ISBN|3-405-12124-8}} 7. ^1 Bruno Cetto: „Der große Pilzführer”, vol. 3, Editura BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, München, Berna, Viena 1980, p. 450-451, {{ISBN|3-405-12124-8}} 8. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |vauthors=Trudell S, Ammirati J |title=Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest |series=Timber Press Field Guides |publisher=Timber Press |location=Portland, Oregon |year=2009 |page=137 |isbn=0881929352}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite book |author=Arora D. |authorlink=David Arora |year=1986 |title=Mushrooms Demystified |edition=2nd |location=Berkeley, California |publisher=Ten Speed Press |isbn=0898151694 |page=135}} 10. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Singer R. |authorlink=Rolf Singer |title=New genera of fungi. III |journal=Mycologia |volume=39 |issue=1 |pages=77–89 |year=1947 |jstor=3755289 |doi=10.2307/3755289 |pmid=20283546}} 11. ^1 {{cite book |vauthors=Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA |title=Dictionary of the Fungi |edition=10th |publisher=CAB International |location=Wallingford, UK |year=2008 |page=548 |isbn=9780851998268}} 12. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{Cite web |url=http://www.namyco.org/publications/mcilvainea/v20/pleurocybella_toxin.html |author=Michael W. Beug |title=Pleurocybella porrigens toxin unmasked? |publisher=McIlvainea, Journal of American Amateur Mycology |accessdate=June 1, 2011}} 13. ^1 2 {{Cite journal |vauthors=Kato T, Kawanami T, Shimizu H, Kurokawa K, Sato H, Nakajima K, Nomoto T, Seta T, Kamei T, Yoshino H, Sasagawa I, Ito M, Karasawa S, Kimura H, Suzuki Y, Degawa N, Tagawa A, Ataka K, Ando S, Omae T, Shikama Y |title=An outbreak of encephalopathy after eating autumn mushroom (Sugihiratake; Pleurocybella porrigens) in patients with renal failure: A clinical analysis of ten cases in Yamagata, Japan |journal=No to shinkei = Brain and nerve |volume=56 |issue=12 |pages=999–1007 |year=2004 |pmid=15729876}} 14. ^1 {{cite journal| title=New Syndromes in Mushroom Poisoning| vauthors=Saviuc P, Danel V |journal=Toxicological Reviews |volume=25 |issue=3 |year=2006 |pages=199–209 |pmid=17192123 |doi=10.2165/00139709-200625030-00004}} 15. ^1 {{cite journal |title=Determination of cyanide and thiocyanate in Sugihiratake mushroom using HPLC method with fluorometric detection |journal=Journal of Health Science–Tokyo |vauthors=Akiyama H, Toshihko T, Shinobu S, Yoshiaki A, Kazunari K, ((Yoshiko S-K)), Tamio M |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=73–77 |url=http://jhs.pharm.or.jp/data/52%281%29/52_073.pdf |format=PDF |doi=10.1248/jhs.52.73|year=2006 }} 16. ^1 {{Cite journal |vauthors=Wakimoto T, Asakawa T, Akahoshi S, Suzuki T, Nagai K, Kawagishi H, Kan T |doi=10.1002/anie.201004646 |title=Proof of the existence of an unstable amino acid: pleurocybellaziridine in Pleurocybella porrigens |journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition |volume=50 |issue=5 |pages=1168–1170 |year=2011 |pmid=21268219}} }} External links{{Commons category|Pleurocybella porrigens}}
7 : Fungi described in 1796|Fungi of Asia|Fungi of Europe|Fungi of North America|Marasmiaceae|Deadly fungi|Edible fungi |
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