| 词条 | PLSCR3 |
| 释义 |
Although phospholipid scramblase is thought to exist in all eukaryotic cells, PLS3 is a protein that is novel to the mitochondria.[4] This is very important because mitochondria are central in the apoptotic cell pathway. This newly found member of the scramblase family is "responsible for phospholipid translocation between two lipid compartments," [3] the inner mitochondrial membrane and the outer membrane. Further experimental evidence suggests that the mechanism and effectors of PLS3's enzymatic activity are rather nuanced. Effect on mitochondrial cardiolipinCardiolipin is a mitochondrion-specific phospholipid found in both the mitochondrial inner and outer membranes[5] Many studies speculate that cardiolipin is a likely player in mitochondrial apoptosis. In a study done by R Lee et al., it was found that during apoptosis, cardiolipin in the outer membrane of the mitochondria increased from 10% to 30% saturation. Finding that cardiolipin concentration in the outer mitochondrial membrane increased during apoptosis (as well as knowing the function that PLS3 plays in mitochondrial apoptotic effects) clued Lee in to the fact that PLS3 may have effects on this cardiolipin membrane redistribution. Lee’s study looked into the consequences of cardiolipin redistribution in the mitochondria and found that cardiolipin plays a critical role in proteins that are involved with oxidative respiration (such as ATP synthase), which in turn affects ATP production. In Lee's experiment determining the effect of cardiolipin deprivation on cells, he studied an infected yeast mutant that lacked a cardiolipin creating enzyme, and found that although it was viable, the yeast was "moderately deficient in mitochondrial energy transforming machinery." It was subsequently deduced that PLS3 is an effector for the redistribution of cardiolipin from the inner to outer mitochondrial membrane. Thus, when PLS3 flips cardiolipin across the inner to outer membrane of the mitochondria, the oxidative phosphorylation induced is greatly disturbed. It was deduced experimentally that a lack of proper oxidative phosphorylation is directly linked with mitochondrial apoptosis. Thus, this PLS3-induced redistribution of cardiolipin during apoptosis has major effects on mitochondrial function. SummaryAlthough the results of the experiments above are very intriguing and shed light on what was once a mystery, there have been only a few experiments that have targeted PSL3. And, furthermore, in a majority of the experiments and studies that were reviewed, it is evident that there is some doubt in the experimental findings [6][7][8] See also
References1. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Wiedmer T, Zhou Q, Kwoh DY, Sims PJ | title = Identification of three new members of the phospholipid scramblase gene family | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta | volume = 1467 | issue = 1 | pages = 244–53 | date = Jul 2000 | pmid = 10930526 | pmc = | doi = 10.1016/S0005-2736(00)00236-4 }} 2. ^{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PLSCR3 phospholipid scramblase 3| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=57048| accessdate = }} 3. ^1 {{cite journal | vauthors = Liu J, Dai Q, Chen J, Durrant D, Freeman A, Liu T, Grossman D, Lee RM | title = Phospholipid scramblase 3 controls mitochondrial structure, function, and apoptotic response | journal = Molecular Cancer Research | volume = 1 | issue = 12 | pages = 892–902 | date = Oct 2003 | pmid = 14573790 | pmc = | doi = }} 4. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Wiedmer T, Zhou Q, Kwoh DY, Sims PJ | title = Identification of three new members of the phospholipid scramblase gene family | journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta | volume = 1467 | issue = 1 | pages = 18240–4 | date = Jul 2000 | pmid = 10930526 | pmc = | doi = 10.1016/S0005-2736(00)00236-4}} 5. ^{{ cite patent | country = USA | number = US20060172958 A1 | status = patent | title = Phospholipid scramblase 3 | pubdate = 2006-08-03 | gdate = | fdate = 2004-03-15 | pridate = 2004-03-13 | inventor = Ruey-min Lee | invent1 = Qiang Dai | invent2 = Jun Chen | invent3 = Jihua Liu | class = 9 }} 6. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Pomorski T, Menon AK | title = Lipid flippases and their biological functions | journal = Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences | volume = 63 | issue = 24 | pages = 2908–21 | date = Dec 2006 | pmid = 17103115 | pmc = | doi = 10.1007/s00018-006-6167-7 }} 7. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Frasch SC, Henson PM, Kailey JM, Richter DA, Janes MS, Fadok VA, Bratton DL | title = Regulation of phospholipid scramblase activity during apoptosis and cell activation by protein kinase Cdelta | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 275 | issue = 30 | pages = 23065–73 | date = Jul 2000 | pmid = 10770950 | pmc = | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M003116200 }} 8. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Sahu SK, Gummadi SN, Manoj N, Aradhyam GK | title = Phospholipid scramblases: an overview | journal = Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics | volume = 462 | issue = 1 | pages = 103–14 | date = Jun 2007 | pmid = 17481571 | pmc = | doi = 10.1016/j.abb.2007.04.002 }} Further reading{{refbegin | 2}}
|
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。