| 词条 | Lun-class ekranoplan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Lun-class ekranoplan is a ground effect vehicle (GEV) designed by Rostislav Evgenievich Alexeyev in 1975 and used by the Soviet and Russian navies from 1987 until sometime in the late 1990s.[1][2] It flew using the lift generated by the ground effect of its large wings when within about {{convert|4|m|ft|spell=in}} above the surface of the water. Although they might look similar to regular aircraft, and have related technical characteristics, ekranoplans like the Lun are not aircraft, seaplanes, hovercraft, nor hydrofoils. Rather, "ground effect" is a distinct technology. The International Maritime Organization classifies these vehicles as maritime ships.[3] The name Lun comes from the Russian for harrier.[4] Design and developmentThe Lun was powered with eight Kuznetsov NK-87 turbofans, mounted on forward canards, each producing {{convert|127.4|kN|lbf|abbr=on}} of thrust. It had a flying boat hull with a large deflecting plate at the bottom to provide a "step" for takeoff.[4] It had a maximum cruising speed of {{convert|340|mph|km/h|order=flip}}.[2] Equipped for anti-surface warfare, it carried the P-270 Moskit (Mosquito) guided missile. Six missile launchers were mounted in pairs on the dorsal surface of its fuselage with advanced tracking systems mounted in its nose and tail.[5] The only model of this class ever built, the MD-160, entered service with the Black Sea Fleet in 1987. It was retired in the late 1990s and is now sitting unused at a naval station in Kaspiysk.[2][6][7] Another version of Lun was planned for use as a mobile field hospital for rapid deployment to any ocean or coastal location. It was named the Spasatel ("Rescuer"). Work was about 90% done, when the military funding ended, and it was never completed.[3][8] Operators
Specifications{{Aircraft specs|ref=[9] |prime units?=met |crew=15 (6 officers, 9 enlisted) |capacity={{convert|137|t|lb|abbr=on}} |length m=73.8 |length ft= |length in= |length note= |span m=44 |span ft= |span in= |span note= |height m=19.2 |height ft= |height in= |height note= |wing area sqm=550 |wing area sqft= |wing area note= |aspect ratio= |airfoil= |empty weight kg=286,000 |empty weight lb= |empty weight note= |gross weight kg= |gross weight lb= |gross weight note= |max takeoff weight kg=380,000 |max takeoff weight lb= |max takeoff weight note= |fuel capacity= |more general= |eng1 number=8 |eng1 name=Kuznetsov NK-87 |eng1 type=turbofans |eng1 kn=127.4 |eng1 lbf= |eng1 note= |thrust original= |eng1 kn-ab= |eng1 lbf-ab= |max speed kmh=550 |max speed mph= |max speed kts= |max speed note= |max speed mach= |cruise speed kmh=450 |cruise speed mph= |cruise speed kts= |cruise speed note=at {{convert|2.5|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} |stall speed kmh= |stall speed mph= |stall speed kts= |stall speed note= |minimum control speed kmh= |minimum control speed mph= |minimum control speed kts= |minimum control speed note= |range km=2,000 |range miles= |range nmi= |range note= |combat range km= |combat range miles= |combat range nmi= |combat range note= |ferry range km= |ferry range miles= |ferry range nmi= |ferry range note= |endurance= |ceiling m= 5 |ceiling ft= |ceiling note= in ground effect |g limits= |roll rate= |glide ratio= |climb rate ms= |climb rate ftmin= |climb rate note= |time to altitude= |lift to drag= |wing loading kg/m2= |wing loading lb/sqft= |wing loading note= |disk loading kg/m2= |disk loading lb/sqft= |disk loading note= |fuel consumption kg/km= |fuel consumption lb/mi= |thrust/weight= |more performance= |guns=two 23mm Pl-23 cannon in a twin tail turret and two 23mm Pl-23 cannon in a twin turret under forward missile tubes |bombs= |rockets= |missiles=six launchers for P-270 Moskit Sunburn antiship missiles |hardpoints= |hardpoint capacity= |hardpoint rockets= |hardpoint missiles= |hardpoint bombs= |hardpoint other= |avionics= }} Related development
References1. ^{{cite web|last1=Shukla|first1=Vikas|title=Russia Revives Its Soviet-Era Ekranoplan Project|url=http://www.valuewalk.com/2015/09/russia-revives-ekranoplan-project/|website=ValueWalk|publisher=ValueWalk|accessdate=10 September 2015|date=2015-09-09}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web|last1=Johnson|first1=Robert|last2=Rosen|first2=Armin|title=Here's The Astonishing Hovercraft That The Soviets Could Have Used To Invade Western Europe In The 80s|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/the-soviet-unions-lun-class-ekanoplane-is-the-biggest-ground-effect-vehicle-ever-2014-7|website=Business Insider|publisher=Business Insider|accessdate=10 September 2015}} 3. ^1 {{cite book|author1=Liang Yun|author2=Alan Bliault|author3=Johnny Doo|title=WIG Craft and Ekranoplan: Ground Effect Craft Technology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oAXEphDmmEMC&pg=PA436|date=3 December 2009|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4419-0042-5|pages=436–}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|title=Flying Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DNnRQhLxu7YC&pg=PA72|date=July 1994|pages=72–|issn=0015-4806}} 5. ^{{cite book|author=Ashley Hollebone|title=The Hovercraft Story|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4X47AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT33|date=31 March 2012|publisher=History Press Limited|isbn=978-0-7524-8512-6|pages=33–}} 6. ^{{cite news|last=Bogodvid|first=Maksim|url=http://en.rian.ru/military_news/20120127/170987800.html|title=Russia Revives Production of Flarecraft|accessdate=14 July 2013|newspaper=RIA Novosti|date=27 January 2012}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Norman Ferguson|title=The Little Book of Aviation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9J07AwAAQBAJ&pg=PT102|date=1 April 2013|publisher=History Press Limited|isbn=978-0-7524-9285-8|pages=102–}} 8. ^{{cite book|title=Fast Ferry International|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=talWAAAAMAAJ|year=2003|publisher=High-Speed Surface Craft Limited}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.se-technology.com/wig/index.php |title=Lun |last=van Optal |first=Edwin |publisher=The WIG Page |pages=The WIG Page Datasheet no. 26 |accessdate=9 June 2012 |location=Netherlands |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614202700/http://www.se-technology.com/wig/index.php |archivedate=14 June 2012 |df= }} External links{{Commons category|Lun-class ekranoplan}}
9 : Aircraft manufactured in the Soviet Union|Ekranoplans|Jet seaplanes and flying boats|Tandem-wing aircraft|T-tail aircraft|Ground effect vehicles|Alekseyev Central Hydrofoil Design Bureau|Aircraft first flown in 1975|Eight-engined jet aircraft |
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