| 词条 | Poggio Civitate |
| 释义 |
|name = Poggio Civitate |native_name = Murlo |alternate_name = |image = Poggio Civitate and Murlo.jpg |alt = |caption = View of Poggio Civitate (left), Poggio Aguzzo (center) and Murlo (right). |map_type = Italy Tuscany |map_alt = |location = Murlo, Siena, Italy |region = Tuscany |type = Settlement |part_of = |length = |width = |area = |height = |builder = |material = |built = |abandoned = late sixth century BC |epochs = Orientalizing period - Archaic period |cultures = Etruscan civilization |dependency_of = |occupants = |event = |excavations = yes |archaeologists = Kyle Meredith Phillips, Jr.; Erik Nielsen; Anthony Tuck |condition = ruined |ownership = |management = |public_access = no |website = The Poggio Civitate Archaeological Project {{it icon}} |notes = }} Poggio Civitate is a hill in the commune of Murlo, Siena, Italy and the location of an ancient settlement of the Etruscan civilization. It was discovered in 1920, and excavations began in 1966 and have uncovered substantial traces of activity in the Orientalizing and Archaic periods as well as some material from both earlier and later periods. The large Archaic buildingSometime in the early 6th century BCE a "monumental complex" was constructed on Poggio Civitate, a term for large buildings or sets of buildings with uncertain function found in Etruscan architecture. It consisted of a courtyard surrounded by a colonnade on three sides and probably a shrine and a possible throne on the fourth.{{r|Boatwright}} Surrounding the colonnade and courtyard were four blocks of rooms.{{r|Boatwright}} The rooms were covered by {{convert|30,000|sqft}} of terracotta roof tiles.{{r|Boatwright}} The building was elaborately decorated. The walls and rooflines contained terracotta statues (including the Murlo cowboy) and friezes.{{r|Boatwright}} One of these friezes depicts a banquet scene common to art of archaic Italy.{{r|Boatwright}} The scene depicts four servants serving guests reclining on couches as well as hunting dogs.{{r|Boatwright}} One guest is playing the lyre while a mixing bowl is situated in the center of two couches.{{r|Boatwright}} Others depict mythical, divine, or real humans and animals.{{r|Boatwright}} Also depicted are processions, horse races, and warriors marching behind leaders in chariots.{{r|Boatwright}} Some scenes depict ceremonies and business being conducted, in one of these a human figurine carries a lituus, a curved staff serving as a symbol of office in Etruria and Latium.{{r|Boatwright}} The use of the building is unclear. One possible use was as the residence of the ruler or leading family of the town. Fine pottery fragments were discovered, so symposia and banquets likely occurred at the site.{{r|Boatwright}} Directors of excavation
References1. ^{{cite book |last1=de Puma |first1=Richard |last2=Small |first2=Jocelyn Penny |title=Murlo and the Etruscans Art and Society in Ancient Etruria |url=https://books.google.com/?id=Q7tSe2hNKlwC&lpg=PA112&dq=Murlo%20and%20the%20Etruscans&pg=PA112#v=onepage&q=Murlo%20and%20the%20Etruscans&f=false |edition=1st |year=1993 |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |isbn=978-0-299-13910-0 |pages=xxvi–xxviii |chapter=Biography of Kyle Meredith Phillips, Jr}} [1][2]2. ^{{cite book |last1=Tuck |first1=Anthony |title=Classics Department Biography Page |url=http://www.umass.edu/classics/tuck.htm}} }} External links
3 : Etruscan sites|Archaeological sites in Tuscany|Etruscan architecture |
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