| 词条 | Polikarpov I-1 | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Polikarpov I-1 was the first indigenous Soviet monoplane fighter. It had to be redesigned after the crash of the first prototype, and was eventually ordered into production in small numbers, but it was never accepted for service with the Soviet Air Forces. DevelopmentThe I-1 (I = Istrebitel or fighter) was a single-seat, low-wing, wooden aircraft. The first prototype, known as the IL-400, was designed around the {{convert|400|hp|adj=on|lk=in}} Liberty L-12 piston engine. It used the radiator and propeller of the Airco DH.9A. The fuselage and wings were covered with a mix of plywood and fabric. The landing gear was braced by wires and the wingtips were protected by tubular curved skids. On the IL-400's maiden flight on 15 August 1923, the aircraft stalled and crashed because its center of gravity was too far aft.[1] A second prototype, designated as the IL-400bis or IL-400B, was built, but it had to be redesigned to cure the center of gravity problem. A new, thinner, aluminum wing was designed and the tailplane and vertical stabilizer were enlarged. The cockpit and engine were moved forward and the radiator was replaced by a Lamblin type. It made its first flight on 18 July 1924 and was cleared for production on 15 October as the I-1.[2] Thirty-three aircraft were ordered, but the first production aircraft was still a prototype. The aluminum skin was replaced by plywood, the radiator was switched for a honeycomb type, and two synchronised 7.62 mm (0.3 in) PV-1 machine guns were fitted. The production aircraft differed from one another and all were used for testing. This showed that the I-1 did not easily recover from a spin and Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gromov was forced to make the first Soviet parachute jump during one such incident on 23 June 1927. The aircraft never entered operational service.[2] Operators
Specifications{{aerospecs|ref=Gunston, The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875-1995 |met or eng?=met |crew=1 |capacity= |length m=8.3 |length ft=27 |length in=3.75 |span m=10.80 |span ft=35 |span in=5¼ |height m= |height ft= |height in= |wing area sqm=20 |wing area sqft=215 |empty weight kg= |empty weight lb= |gross weight kg=1,510 |gross weight lb=3,329 |eng1 number=1 |eng1 type=Liberty L-12 piston engine |eng1 kw=298 |eng1 hp=400 |max speed kmh=264 |max speed mph=164 |cruise speed kmh= |cruise speed mph= |range km=650 |range miles=404 |ceiling m=6,750 |ceiling ft=22,150 |climb rate ms= |climb rate ftmin= |armament1=2 × synchronised 7.62 mm (0.3 in) PV-1 machine guns. }} See also{{aircontent|see also= |related= |similar aircraft= |sequence= |lists=
}} Notes1. ^Gunston, p. 286 2. ^1 Gunston, pp. 286–87 References{{commons category|Polikarpov I-1}}
2 : Soviet and Russian fighter aircraft 1920–1929|Polikarpov aircraft |
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