“Polikarpov NB”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Polikarpov NB (Nochnoi Bombardirovshchik—Night Bomber) was a Soviet twin-engined bomber designed during World War II. Only a single prototype had been built before the program was terminated upon the death of Nikolai Nikolaevich Polikarpov, the head of the aircraft's design bureau, in 1944.

Development

The origins of the NB program are obscure, but design work began during the winter of 1941–42 with the OKB designation of aircraft T. The NB was a high-winged, twin-engined, twin tail monoplane of mixed construction. The fuselage was built of 'shpon', molded birch plywood, {{convert|4|-|5|mm|abbr=on}} thick and was reinforced with a welded steel tube framework and a network of bracing wires in the midsection around the aperture for the wing and the capacious bomb bay.^[1] The single-spar wing was built from a mix of steel and duralumin. The center section had a duralumin skin, but the outer panels were skinned in 'shpon'. The duralumin slotted flaps were electrically powered and ran the length of the wing center section, divided by the engine nacelles. Automatic leading edge slats were mounted on the outer panels. All control surfaces were built from wood and covered in fabric. The tailplane had 7° dihedral with twin fins. It had a duralumin structure and was covered in 'shpon'. The main gears of the conventional undercarriage retracted aft into the rear of the engine nacelles and the tail wheel retracted into the rear fuselage. Six protected fuel tanks were in the wing center section, plus four more in the outer wings. They had a total capacity of {{convert|2760|kg|0|abbr=on}} (including oil). Two {{convert|1379|kW|0|abbr=on}} air-cooled Shvetsov ASh-82 radial engines were slung underneath the wings.^[2] Alternative engines considered were the Mikulin AM-39 V-12 and the Shvetsov M-71 radial, but development problems with both engines dropped them from consideration.^[3]

The bombardier was given an extensively glazed position in the nose which also had a fixed {{convert|12.7|mm|abbr=on}} Berezin UB machine gun for which the pilot had a reflector sight. The dorsal gunner had a UBT machine gun in a turret while the ventral gunner fired another UB through a hatch. The bomb bay could carry up to {{convert|2000|kg|abbr=on}} internally and an additional {{convert|3000|kg|abbr=on}} of bombs could be carried underneath the wings.^[3]

The NB made its first flight on 23 May 1944 and completed its manufacturer's flight tests in August. Its performance promised to be outstanding, but Polikarpov's death a month earlier caused his design bureau to be shut down and all his projects were terminated.^[4]

Specifications

|crew=5
|capacity=
|length m=15.29
|length ft=
|length in=
|length note=
|span m=21.52
|span ft=
|span in=
|span note=
|height m=
|height ft=
|height in=
|height note=
|wing area sqm=58.1
|wing area sqft=
|wing area note=
|airfoil=NACA-230
|empty weight kg=8843
|empty weight lb=
|empty weight note=
|gross weight kg=13800
|gross weight lb=
|gross weight note=
|max takeoff weight kg=
|max takeoff weight lb=
|max takeoff weight note=
|fuel capacity={{convert|2760|kg|0|abbr=on}} (including oil)
|more general=

|max speed kmh=510
|max speed mph=
|max speed kts=
|max speed note=at 5,000 m (16,400 m)
|cruise speed kmh=
|cruise speed mph=
|cruise speed kts=
|cruise speed note=
|range km=3030
|range miles=
|range nmi=
|range note=with {{convert|3000|kg|0|abbr=on}} of bombs
|ceiling m=6150
|ceiling ft=
|ceiling note=
|climb rate ms=
|climb rate ftmin=
|climb rate note=
|time to altitude=12 minutes to {{convert|5000|m|0}}
|wing loading kg/m2
|wing loading lb/sqft=
|wing loading note=
|disk loading kg/m2=
|disk loading lb/sqft=
|disk loading note=
|power/mass=
|thrust/weight=
|more performance=

|guns=3x 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine guns
|bombs=up to {{convert|5000|kg|0}}
|avionics=
}}{{aircontent
|see also=
|related=
|similar aircraft=
|lists=
}}

References

1. ^Gunston, p. 311
2. ^¹Gunston, pp. 311–12
3. ^¹Gordon, p. 283
4. ^Gunston, p. 312

External links