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词条 Political history of Mysore and Coorg (1800–1947)
释义

  1. Purnea's administration

  2. Sources and historiography

  3. See also

  4. Notes

  5. References

     Contemporary sources  Classic sources 
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2013}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2013}}

The political history of Mysore and Coorg (1800–1947) is the political history of the contiguous historical regions of Mysore state and Coorg province located on the Deccan Plateau in west-central peninsular India, beginning with the acceptance of British suzerainty in 1800 to the independence of India in 1947.

Purnea's administration

In the amāni lands (i.e. government-managed lands) the tax on cultivation in dry regions was a fixed money amount paid annually at approximately one-third of the crop value;[1] for a given area, the crop value, was estimated and fixed for several years at a time.[1] In "wet" or rice-growing regions, however, which on average provided more abundant yields, but which also depended more on the vagaries of the monsoon rains, the crop value was estimated annually, as soon as an estimate could be made.[1] The latter tax was computed at one-half of the crop value and was paid "nominally in kind," but commonly in money.[1]

Sources and historiography

There is very little contemporaneous documentation of the pre-1760 period of Mysore's history, especially the last century of that period. According to {{Harv|Subrahmanyam|1989|p=206}}, the 18th-century Wodeyar rulers of Mysore—in contrast to their contemporaries in Rajputana, Central India, Maratha Deccan, and Tanjavur—left little or no record of their administrations.

A Wodeyar dynasty genealogy, the Maisüru Mahardjara Vamsävali of Tirumalarya, was composed in Kannada during the period 1710–1715, and was claimed to be based on all the then-extant inscriptions in the region.[2] Another genealogy, Kalale Doregala Vamgdvati, of the Delvoys, the near-hereditary chief ministers of Mysore, was composed around the turn of the 19th century.[2] However, neither manuscript provides information about administration, economy or military capability.[2] The ruling dynasty's origins, especially as expounded in later palace genealogies, are also of doubtful accuracy; this is, in part, because the Wodeyars, who were reinstated by the British on the Mysore gaddi in 1799, to preside over a fragile sovereignty,[3] "obsessively" attempted to demonstrate their "unbroken" royal lineage,[4] to bolster their then uncertain status.[5]

The earliest manuscript offering clues to governance and military conflict in the pre-1760 Mysore, seems to be {{Harv|Dias|1725}}, an annual letter written in Portuguese by a Mysore-based Jesuit missionary, Joachim Dias, and addressed to his Provincial superior.[6] After East India Company's final 1799 victory over Tipu, official Company records began to be published as well; these include {{Harv|East India Company|1800}}, a collection of Anglo-Mysore Wars-related correspondence between the Company's officials in India and Court of Directors in London, and {{Harv|Wilks|1805}}, the first report on the new Princely State of Mysore by its first British resident, Mark Wilks. Around this time, French accounts of the Anglo-Mysore wars appeared as well, and included {{Harv|Michaud|1809}}, a history of the wars by Joseph-François Michaud, another Jesuit priest. The first attempt at including a comprehensive history of Mysore in an English language work is {{Harv|Buchanan|1807}}, an account of a survey of South India conducted at Lord Richard Wellesley's request, by Francis Buchanan, a Scottish physician and geographer.

The first explicit History of Mysore in English is {{Harv|Wilks|1811}}, written by Mark Wilks, the British resident mentioned above. Wilks claimed to have based his history on various Kannada documents, not only the ones mentioned above, but also many that have not survived. According to {{Harv|Subrahmanyam|1989|p=206}}, all subsequent classic histories of Mysore have borrowed heavily from Wilks's book for their pre-1760 content. These include, {{Harv|Rice|1897}}, Lewis Rice's well-known Gazetteer and {{Harv|Rao|1948}}, C. Hayavadana Rao's major revision of the Gazetteer half a century later, and many spin-offs of these two works. By the end of the period of British Commissionership of Mysore (1831–1881), many English language works had begun to appear on a variety of Mysore-related subjects. These included {{Harv|Rice|1879}}, a book of English translations of Kannada language inscriptions, and {{Harv|Digby|1878}}, William Digby's two volume critique of British famine policy during the Great Famine of 1876–78, which devastated Mysore for years to come; the latter work, even referred to Mysore as a "province."

See also

  • Princely state
  • Political history of Mysore and Coorg (1565–1760)
  • Political history of Mysore and Coorg (1761–1799)

Notes

1. ^1 2 3 {{Harvnb|Rice|1897a|pp=603–604}}
2. ^1 2 {{Harv|Subrahmanyam|1989|p=206}}
3. ^{{Harvnb|Ikegame|2007|p=17}}
4. ^{{Harvnb|Nair|2006|pp=139–140}}
5. ^{{Harvnb|Bhagavan|2008|pp=887}}
6. ^{{Harvnb|Subrahmanyam|1989|pp=215–216}}

References

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Classic sources

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  • {{Citation|last=Buchanan|first=Francis|authorlink=Francis Buchanan|title=A Journey from Madras Through the Countries of Mysore, Canara, and Malabar: For the Express Purpose of Investigating the State of Agriculture, Arts and Commerce, the Religion, Manners, and Customs, the History Natural and Civil, and Antiquities|year = 1807|publisher=London : T. Cadell and W. Davies (Facsimile Reprint, New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, 1988. {{ISBN|81-206-0386-9}}.)|url=https://books.google.com/?id=bK4Ba6824koC&printsec=frontcover | isbn=978-81-206-0386-8}}
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  • {{Cite book|last=Digby|first=William|authorlink=William Digby (writer)|title=The Famine Campaign in Southern India (Madras and Bombay Presidencies and Province of Mysore) 1876–1878, In Two Volumes|location=London|year=1878}}
  • {{Cite book|last=East India Company|authorlink=East India Company|year=1800|title=Copies and Extracts of Advices to and from India, Relative to the Cause, Progress and Successful Termination of the War with the Late Tippoo Sultaun, Chief of Mysore, the Partition of His Dominions in Consequence Thereof, and the Distribution of the Captured Property Found in Seringapatam|publisher=Printed for the use of the Proprietors of East India Stock|url=https://books.google.com/?id=xm4IAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage}}
  • {{Citation|last=Imperial Gazetteer of India: Provincial Series|title = Mysore and Coorg|year=1908|publisher=Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing. Pp. xvii, 365, 1 map.|url=https://books.google.com/?id=lgO2AAAAIAAJ&printsec=titlepage}}
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  • {{Cite book|last=Michaud|first=Joseph-François, SJ|year=1809|title= Histoire des progrès et de la chute de l'empire de Mysore, sous les règnes d'Hyder-Aly et de Tippoo-Saïb: contenant l'historique des guerres des souverains de Mysore avec les Anglais et les différentes puissances de l'Inde|location=Paris|publisher=Chez Guiget et Cie.|url=https://books.google.com/?id=XFsPAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage#PPA3,M1}}
  • {{Cite book|last=Rice|first=Lewis|authorlink=Lewis Rice|title=Mysore Inscriptions: Translated for Government|location=Bangalore|publisher=Mysore Government Press. Pp. 336|year=1879|url=https://books.google.com/?id=QHAIAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage}}
  • {{Citation|last=Rice|first=Lewis|authorlink=Benjamin L. Rice|title=Mysore: A Gazetteer Compiled for the Government, Volume I, Mysore In General|year = 1897|publisher=Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company. Pp. xix, 834|url=https://books.google.com/?id=kbQLAAAAIAAJ&printsec=toc#PPR3,M1}}
  • {{Cite book|last=Rao|first=C. Hayavadana|title=History of Mysore (1399-1799 A.D.): Incorporating the Latest Epigraphical, Literary and Historical Researches|location=Mysore|publisher=Government Press|year=1948|url=https://books.google.com/?id=7wVXAAAAMAAJ&q=}}
  • {{Cite book|last=Wilks|first=Mark|authorlink=Mark Wilks|title=Report on the Interior Administration, Resources, and Expenditure of the Government of Mysoor: Under the System Prescribed by the Orders of the Governor General in Council, Dated 4th September 1799|publisher=By Order of the Governor General in Council. Pp. 161|location=Fort William|year=1805|url=https://books.google.com/?id=B28IAAAAQAAJ&printsec=titlepage}}
  • {{Cite book|last=Wilks|first=Mark|authorlink=Mark Wilks|title=Historical Sketches of the South of India in an attempt to trace the History of Mysoor, Second Edition|location=Madras|publisher=Higginbotham and Co. Pp. xxxii, 527|origyear=1st edition: 1811, volume 1; 1817, volumes 2 and 3; second edition: 1869|year=1811|url=https://books.google.com/?id=SlzbN6GpTTQC&printsec=titlepage}}
{{col-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Political history of Mysore and Coorg (1800-1947)}}

3 : Political history of Karnataka|History of Mysore|Coorg
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