The Governor of Shaanxi (陕西省省长) is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Shaanxi. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor is considered to have less power than the Shaanxi Communist Party of China Provincial Committee Secretary (中共陕西省委书记), colloquially termed the "Shaanxi CPC Party Chief"; since the Governor is always ranked as the First-Deputy Secretary in the Shaanxi Communist Party of China Provincial Committee.
Shaanxi was established as a provincial government since Qing Dynasty. On 10 January 1950, the People's Government of Shaanxi was established in Xi'an. Ma Minfang was then appointed as the first Governor of Shaanxi.
| CPC Party Secretary | Name in Chinese | Term | Notes | | Ma Mingfang | 马明方 | October 1949 — 1952 |
| Pan Zili | 潘自力 | 1952 — October 1954 | later ambassador to the Soviet Union
Purged and died during Cultural Revolution |
| Zhang Desheng | 张德生 | October 1954 — November 1964 |
| Hu Yaobang | 胡耀邦 | November 1964 — October 1965 | later General Secretary of the Communist Party
Forced to resign in 1987 |
| Huo Shilian | 霍士廉 | October 1965 — July 1967 | Removed from power in early stage of Cultural Revolution |
| Li Ruishan | 李瑞山 | January 1968 — December 1978 | Head of Shaanxi Revolutionary Committee |
| Wang Renzhong | 王任重 | December 1978 | Served for only 15 days
later Vice-Premier |
| Ma Wenrui | 马文瑞 | December 1978 — May 1984 | later Vice-Chairman of the CPPCC |
| Bai Jinian | 白纪年 | August 1984 — August 1987 | Removed from office without explanation |
| Zhang Boxing | 张勃兴 | August 1987 — December 1994 |
| An Qiyuan | 安启元 | December 1994 — August 1997 |
| Li Jianguo | 李建国 | August 1997 — March 2007 | later Vice-Chairman of National People's Congress |
| Zhao Leji | 赵乐际 | March 2007 — December 2012 | Politburo Standing Committee (2017-)
Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (2017-) |
| Zhao Zhengyong | 赵正永 | December 2012 — March 2016 |
| Lou Qinjian | 娄勤俭 | March 2016 — October 2017 | later Party Secretary of Jiangsu |
| Hu Heping | 胡和平 | October 2017 — |
| Governor | Chinese Name | Term | Notes | | Ma Mingfang | 马明方 | May 1949 — November 1952 | Later transferred to party centre
Purged during the Cultural Revolution |
| Zhao Shoushan | 赵寿山 | November 1952 — July 1959 | was a General |
| Zhao Boping | 赵伯平 | July 1959 — March 1963 | Purged during the Cultural Revolution |
| Li Qiming | 李启明 | March 1963 — April 1966 | Purged during the Cultural Revolution |
| Li Ruishan | 李瑞山 | April 1966 — December 1978 |
| Wang Renzhong | 王任重 | December 1978 — February 1979 |
| Yu Mingtao | 于明涛 | February 1979 — April 1983 |
| Li Qingwei | 李庆伟 | April 1983 — December 1986 |
| Zhang Boxing | 张勃兴 | December 1986 — September 1987 |
| Hou Zongbin | 侯宗宾 | September 1987 — March 1990 | became party chief of Henan province |
| Bai Qingcai | 白清才 | March 1990 — December 1994 |
| Cheng Andong | 程安东 | December 1994 — May 2002 |
| Jia Zhibang | 贾治邦 | May 2002 — October 2004 | became Minister of State Forestry Administration |
| Chen Deming | 陈德铭 | October 2004 — June 2006 | became Minister of Commerce |
| Yuan Chunqing | 袁纯清 | June 2006 — June 2010 | became party chief of Shanxi Province |
| Zhao Zhengyong | 赵正永 | June 2010 — December 2012 | promoted to party chief |
| Lou Qinjian | 娄勤俭 | December 2012 — April 2016 | promoted to party chief |
| Hu Heping | 胡和平 | April 2016 — January 2018 | promoted to party chief |
| Liu Guozhong | 刘国中 | January 2018 — |
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| Chairmen | Chinese Name | Term | Notes | | Ma Wenrui | 马文瑞 | 1979 －1983 | Elected by the 5th Shaanxi People's Congress |
| Yan Kelun | 严克伦 | 1983 — 1988 | Elected by the 6th Shaanxi People's Congress |
| Li Xipu | 李溪溥 | 1988 — 1993 | Elected by the 7th Shaanxi People's Congress |
| Zhang Boxing | 张勃兴 | 1993 — 1998 | Elected by the 8th Shaanxi People's Congress |
| Li Jianguo | 李建国 | 1998 — 2007 | Elected by the 9th Shaanxi People's Congress and then was re-elected by the 10th |
| Cui Lintao | 崔林涛 | 2007 — 2008 | Appointed as Acting Chairman by the 10th Shaanxi People's Congress |
| Zhao Leji | 赵乐际 | 2008 — 2012 | Elected by the 11th Shaanxi People's Congress |
| Zhao Zhengyong | 赵正永 | 2012 — 2016 | Elected by the 12th Shaanxi People's Congress |
| Lou Qinjian | 娄勤俭 | 2016 — | Elected by the 12th Shaanxi People's Congress |
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