| 词条 | Luverne, Alabama | |||||
| 释义 |
|name = Luverne, Alabama |settlement_type = City |image_skyline = Luverne, Alabama.JPG |imagesize = |image_caption = Downtown Luverne |image_seal = |image_map = File:Crenshaw County Alabama Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Luverne Highlighted 0144728.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Location of Luverne in Crenshaw County, Alabama. |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = | nickname = "Friendliest City in the South"[1] | motto = | anthem = | established_title = Founded | established_title1 = Incorporated | established_date1 = February 6, 1891 | established_title2 = | established_date2 = | established_title3 = | established_date3 = | extinct_title = | extinct_date = | founder = M.P. Legrand, S.D. Hubbard, and George A. Folmar | named_for = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_name1 = Alabama |subdivision_name2 = Crenshaw |government_type = Mayor/City Council |leader_title = Mayor |leader_name = Ed Beasley |established_date = 1889 |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 40.60 |area_total_sq_mi = 15.67 |area_land_km2 = 40.53 |area_land_sq_mi = 15.65 |area_water_km2 = 0.07 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.03 |elevation_ft = 354 |elevation_m = 108 |population_as_of = 2010 |population_footnotes = |population_total = 2800 |population_metro = |population_density_km2 = 68.35 |population_density_sq_mi = 177.03 |timezone = Central (CST) |utc_offset = -6 |coordinates = {{coord|31|42|52|N|86|15|48|W|region:US-AL|display=inline,title}} |timezone_DST = CDT |utc_offset_DST = -5 |postal_code_type = ZIP code |postal_code = 36049 |area_code = 334 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 01-44728 |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 0122110 |footnotes = |website = {{URL|www.luverne.org}} |pop_est_as_of = 2017 |pop_est_footnotes = [2] |population_est = 2770 |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = [2] }}Luverne is a city in and the county seat of Crenshaw County, Alabama, United States. The city describes itself ais "The Friendliest City in the South", a slogan that appears on its "welcome" signs.[3] At the 2010 census the population was 2,800.[4] HistoryLuverne was one of numerous towns developed in the state as a result of railroad construction. It was founded in 1889 in the central part of Crenshaw County, near the Patsaliga River, in association with the construction of the Montgomery and Florida Railroad; it was intended as the terminus. The new railroad station attracted related development and the town grew. It incorporated in 1891. This was a center of timbering in the Piney Woods of southern Alabama, as the land was not fertile enough to be suitable for large-scale cotton plantation agriculture. In 1893, the citizens of Crenshaw County voted to move the county seat from Rutledge to the more populous Luverne.[5] By the late 1930s, lynchings of African Americans were increasingly conducted in small groups or in secret, rather than in the former mass public displays.[6] On June 22, 1940, an African-American man named Jesse Thornton was lynched in Luverne for failing to address a white man with the title of "Mister". He was fatally shot and his body was later found in the Patsaliga River.[7] The Equal Justice Initiative documented that the white man Thornton had apparently offended by his Jim Crow infraction was a police officer.[8] This was the only lynching recorded in the county. GeographyLuverne is located at {{coord|31.714427|-86.263323|type:city_region:US|format=dms|display=inline}}.[9] The town of Rutledge lies along Luverne's western border. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|40.6|sqkm|disp=flip}}, of which {{convert|40.5|sqkm|disp=flip}} is land and {{convert|0.1|sqkm|disp=flip|2}}, or 0.17%, is water.[4] Demographics{{US Census population|1890= 451 |1900= 731 |1910= 1384 |1920= 1464 |1930= 1874 |1940= 2243 |1950= 2221 |1960= 2238 |1970= 2440 |1980= 2639 |1990= 2555 |2000= 2635 |2010= 2800 |estyear=2017 |estimate=2770 |estref=[10] |align-fn=center |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census[11] 2013 Estimate[12] }} As of the census[13] of 2000, there were 2,635 people, 1,107 households, and 710 families residing in the city.[14] The population density was {{convert|212.7|PD/sqmi}}. There were 1,249 housing units at an average density of {{convert|100.8|/sqmi}}.[15][15] The racial makeup of the city was 70.25% White, 28.43% Black or African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.15% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.11% from other races, and 0.95% from two or more races. 0.68% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.[14] There were 1,107 households out of which 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.7% were married couples living together (2.4% same-sex couples), 19.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.8% were non-families. 33.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 19.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.85.[14] In the city, the population was spread out with 23.0% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 23.4% from 25 to 44, 23.3% from 45 to 64, and 23.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 77.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 71.1 males.[14] The median income for a household in the city was $22,457, and the median income for a family was $30,950. Males had a median income of $30,680 versus $17,813 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,244. About 19.2% of families and 22.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.3% of those under age 18 and 18.9% of those age 65 or over.[14] 2010 censusAs of the census[16] of 2010, there were 2,800 people, 1,135 households, and 729 families residing in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 62.6% White, 29.6% Black or African American, 0.3% Native American, 5.5% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 0.8% from other races, and 1.0% from two or more races. 1.9% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 1,135 households out of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.7% were married couples living together (2.4% same-sex couples), 19.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.8% were non-families. 32.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.95. In the city, the population was spread out with 23.8% under the age of 18, 7.9% from 18 to 24, 22.4% from 25 to 44, 26.3% from 45 to 64, and 19.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.3 males. The median income for a household in the city was $40,602, and the median income for a family was $51,500. Males had a median income of $43,464 versus $19,483 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,869. About 12.6% of families and 15.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.8% of those under age 18 and 20.6% of those age 65 or over. Education
Public education for the city of Luverne is provided by the Crenshaw County School District. There are two schools in the city: Luverne High School (grades K through 12) and Crenshaw Christian Academy, a private, religiously oriented K-12 school.
Lurleen B. Wallace Community College offers certificate and two-year associate degrees at its Luverne location. Media
Notable people
GalleryReferences1. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7uRtV1ZzHY8C&lpg=PA68&dq=luverne%20friendliest%20city%20in%20the%20south&pg=PA68#v=onepage&q=luverne%20friendliest%20city%20in%20the%20south&f=false|title=Studies in Entertainment: Critical Approaches to Mass Culture|last=Modleski|first=Tania|date=1986|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=0253355664|language=en}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=2017 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2017_Gazetteer/2017_gaz_place_01.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Jul 7, 2018}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.ruralindexingproject.com/location/42|title=Location: 42 {{!}} Rural Indexing Project|website=Rural Indexing Project|language=en|access-date=2018-09-02}} 4. ^1 {{cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US0144728| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Luverne city, Alabama| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| accessdate=June 10, 2014}} 5. ^{{Cite web | last = Sanford | first = William | title = Luverne | work = Encyclopedia of Alabama | date = December 10, 2009 | url = http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-2318 | accessdate =January 28, 2010 }} 6. ^Mrs. Jessie Daniels Ames, The Changing Character of Lynching, Commission on Interracial Cooperation, 1942 7. ^Jessie P. Guzzman & W. Hardin Hughes, “Lynching-Crime,” Negro Year Book: A Review of Events Affecting Negro Life, 1944-1946, 1947; part of National Humanities Center, The Making of African American Identity, Vol. III, 1917-1968; accessed 04 June 2018 8. ^{{cite book|title=Lynching in America: Confronting the Legacy of Racial Terror: Second Edition: Report Summary|date=2015|publisher=Equal Justice Initiative|location=Montgomery, Alabama|page=15|url=http://eji.org/sites/default/files/lynching-in-america-second-edition-summary.pdf|quote=In 1940, Jesse Thornton was lynched in Luverne, Alabama, for referring to a white police officer by his name without the title of "mister."}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}} 10. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2017.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=March 24, 2018}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 6, 2013}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2013/SUB-EST2013-3.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013|accessdate=June 3, 2014}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}} 14. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite web| title = Fact Sheet- Luverne city, Alabama | work = American Fast Facts | publisher = United States Census Bureau | url = http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/SAFFFacts?_event=Search&geo_id=&_geoContext=&_street=&_county=luverne&_cityTown=luverne&_state=04000US01&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&pctxt=fph&pgsl=010&show_2003_tab=&redirect=Y | accessdate = }} 15. ^1 {{Cite web | title = Geographic Comparison Table- Alabama | work = American Fast Facts | publisher = United States Census Bureau | url = http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US01&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-PH1&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-format=ST-7| accessdate = }} 16. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2015-07-20|title=American FactFinder}} External links
5 : Cities in Alabama|Cities in Crenshaw County, Alabama|County seats in Alabama|Populated places established in 1889|1889 establishments in Alabama |
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