“Luxair Flight 9642”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Luxair Flight 9642 was a scheduled international passenger flight flying from Berlin Tempelhof Airport, Germany, to Luxembourg Findel Airport, Luxembourg. The flight carried 19 passengers and 3 crew members. The flight was operated by Luxair, the flag carrier (national airline) of Luxembourg. The plane was a Fokker 50 and registered as LX-LGB. Lufthansa had a codeshare on the flight as LH2420.^[1] On 6 November 2002, the flight crashed while on final approach to Luxembourg Findel Airport about 6 nautical miles (11 km) short of the runway while trying to land in fog. 20 out of the 22 passengers and crew perished.

Accident

The flight crews decided to go-around, but then they later aborted the go-around and continued their approach.

The co-pilot later acknowledged this message. It was the last communication with the ATC. As the landing gear retracted, the pitch angle of the two propellers simultaneously reached a value that is lower than the minimum values for flight. This setting caused the aircraft's speed and altitude to decrease rapidly. A few seconds later, both engines stopped and the flight data recorders ceased functioning. The first impact marks are found on the south edge of the road RN1. They represent the two main landing gears and the fuselage tail cone. The left wing tip scratched across the road before hitting an embankment at the north side of the road RN1. Both wheels and blades came off from the aircraft. The aircraft bounced. At this point, the empennage and part of the right wing broke away, the aft portion of the fuselage turned around to the right and the aircraft came to rest 25 meters further away. At 09:05:42 (local time), the aircraft disappeared from the radar screen. It was immediately found that the aircraft had crashed in a field seven hundred meters to the north of runway centreline.^[2]

The fog was so thick that nearby residents were unaware of the crash. Most of them claimed not to have seen or even heard anything when the crash occurred, and only realized that something had happened nearby when ambulances and emergency services arrived at the crash site.^[3]

Rescue services found passengers had been ejected from the cabin. Some passengers were still attached to their seat and others were not. The cabin crew member was found in the corridor next to the fuselage front entrance. Due to the cockpit not catching fire the captain survived. He was trapped in the cockpit and rescuers cut a hole to retrieve him.^[2]

Passengers

Most of the passengers were business officials from Germany.^[4] Seventeen were found dead at the crash site with five survivors, but three dying in the hospital. By nightfall, 18 bodies out of the 20 dead were found, while the other two remained missing. The bodies were thought to be buried under the smoldering fuselage. Rescue workers were using a crane to disentangle the charred remains.^[4] Amongst the passengers killed on the flight was artist Michel Majerus.^[5]

The Captain, Claude Poeckes, was a 26-year-old male, with a total flying experience of 4242 flight hours and 2864 hours on type. The First Officer was a 32-year-old male with a total flight hours of 1156 and 443 hours on type.^[6]

Nationalities of passengers and crew

Investigation

The aircraft was inspected by a maintenance crew on the evening before the flight. While the aircraft passed inspection, it was found out that the aircraft's antiskid system on the right hand landing gear was inoperative. This had previously been an issue with the system and was detected on 27 September 2002 being replaced after. However, on 24 October 2002, the same antiskid system was inoperative again. Despite changing the outboard wheel speed sensor, the system remained inoperative. On 5 November 2002, one day before the accident, the problem was solved by replacing the inboard wheel speed sensor.^[9]

Investigators noted that the weather around the airport at the time of the accident was foggy. Nearby residents of Niederanven stated that the fog at the time of the accident was very thick, so much that nearby residents couldn't see or even hear the moment of impact, even though Niederanven was in close proximity to the crash site.

CVR analysis

According to analysis of the Cockpit Voice Recorder, the flight was cleared for the approach as it descended through 6000 ft at a distance of thirteen nautical miles from the airport. The crew expressed some surprise that they were cleared to land ahead of all aircraft in the holding pattern, but began to prepare the aircraft for approach and landing. The preparation process was abbreviated due to the crew being caught off guard by the landing priority given to them. At 09:02:12, the captain told the First Officer: “Tell him … that if we don’t have 300 meters at Echo, we are going to perform a go-around.” This message was never delivered to ATC because the flight was transmitting on the tower frequency at this time.

The Captain decided to perform a go-around. However, the copilot did not react and instead continued with the approach checklist, placing the ground idle stop in the OFF position, this being the last action on the checklist. This misunderstanding resulted from the lack of preparation for the approach. While the captain ordered a go-around, the crew did begin the process, and so the decision did not result in significant action. Instead, the crew realized that they had deviated from the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). This seems to have caused confusion in the cockpit. Although the Captain continued the approach, he didn't call for flaps and gear. In addition, he waited for several seconds before putting the aircraft into descent.

The captain, faced now with a sudden time pressure and all mechanical locks being removed, and with his hand on the power levers, may have unintentionally moved the power levers further backwards, passing through the ground idle position, towards full reverse. This shift to reverse power triggered a propeller overspeed that was heard and noticed by the crew. Feeling a tremendous increase in drag and a sudden deceleration, one of the crew members retracted the flaps. The power levers were then moved forward, but it was too late. A few seconds later, the aircraft crashed into the ground.

Cause

The investigation found that a series of non-standard actions resulted in severe loss of airspeed due to the accidental selection of the propellers into reverse pitch (reverse pitch is normally only used to slow an aircraft on the ground).^[10]^[11] The aircraft subsequently impacted 6NM (11 km) short of the runway. Contributing to the accident were errors concerning the implementation of a safety recommendation which had been made by the manufacturer to Fokker 50 operators.

See also

References

1. ^"Info: Hotline". Berliner Morgenpost. 2 June 2008. Retrieved on 1 November 2009.
2. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.mt.public.lu/ministere/services/coordination_generale/AET/aviation/pdf_EN_fokker.pdf|title=Coordinates of Crash|publisher=mt.public.lu|accessdate=September 3, 2017}}
3. ^{{cite web|author=Andrew Osborn|title=Mystery as 20 die in Luxembourg plane crash|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/nov/07/andrewosborn|publisher=The Guardian|accessdate=15 March 2016}}
4. ^¹"Luxembourg plane crashes in fog" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6S6miPbbI?url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/europe/2409267.stm Archive]). BBC. Wednesday 6 November 2002. Retrieved on 26 August 2014.
5. ^Morrison, Donald. "A Coming-Out Party." TIME. 28 February 2007. Retrieved on 1 November 2009.
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mt.public.lu/ministere/services/coordination_generale/AET/aviation/pdf_EN_fokker.pdf|title=Pilot Info|publisher=mt.public.lu|accessdate=September 3, 2017}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.luxair.lu/en/inside/lg9642/lg9642-3.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030213182132/www.luxair.lu/en/inside/lg9642/lg9642-3.jsp |archivedate=13 February 2003 |title=Press Release 06.11.2002 08.15 pm |publisher=Luxair |date=6 November 2002 |accessdate=1 November 2009 |deadurl=bot: unknown |df= }} ()
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.luxair.lu/en/inside/lg9642/lg9642-v.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030213185510/www.luxair.lu/en/inside/lg9642/lg9642-v.jsp |archivedate=13 February 2003 |title=Namelist of persons that died in aircraft accident 06.11.02 |publisher=Luxair |date=7 November 2002 |accessdate=1 November 2009 |deadurl=bot: unknown |df= }} ()
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://lessonslearned.faa.gov/ll_main.cfm?TabID=4&LLID=45&LLTypeID=2|title=Faa Antiskid Findings|publisher=lessonslearned.faa.gov|accessdate=September 3, 2017}}
10. ^"Investigation Commission On The Accident Which Occurred 6 November 2002 (Preliminary Report, January 2003)" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124033641/http://www.gouvernement.lu/salle_presse/communiques/2003/02/18luxair/rapport_eng.pdf |date=24 November 2011 }} (PDF). Government of Luxembourg
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mt.public.lu/ministere/services/coordination_generale/AET/aviation/pdf_EN_fokker.pdf |title=FINAL REPORT (REVISED ISSUE) |format=PDF|date=July 2009 |publisher=Ministry of Transport, Administration for technical investigations |accessdate= 23 July 2012}}