1. References

2. Further reading

This gene encodes a member of the paraoxonase gene family, which includes three known members located adjacent to each other on the long arm of chromosome 7. The encoded protein is ubiquitously expressed in human tissues, membrane-bound, and may act as a cellular antioxidant, protecting cells from oxidative stress. Hydrolytic activity against acylhomoserine lactones, important bacterial quorum-sensing mediators, suggests the encoded protein may also play a role in defense responses to pathogenic bacteria. Mutations in this gene may be associated with vascular disease and a number of quantitative phenotypes related to diabetes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described.^[3]

References

Further reading

• {{cite journal | vauthors=Mackness B, Durrington PN, Mackness MI |title=The paraoxonase gene family and coronary heart disease |journal=Curr. Opin. Lipidol. |volume=13 |issue= 4 |pages= 357–62 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12151850 |doi=10.1097/00041433-200208000-00002 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors=Getz GS, Reardon CA |title=Paraoxonase, a cardioprotective enzyme: continuing issues |journal=Curr. Opin. Lipidol. |volume=15 |issue= 3 |pages= 261–7 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15166781 |doi=10.1097/00041433-200406000-00005 }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Ng CJ, Shih DM, Hama SY, etal |title=The paraoxonase gene family and atherosclerosis |journal=Free Radic. Biol. Med. |volume=38 |issue= 2 |pages= 153–63 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15607899 |doi= 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.09.035 }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Hegele RA, Connelly PW, Scherer SW, etal |title=Paraoxonase-2 gene (PON2) G148 variant associated with elevated fasting plasma glucose in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=82 |issue= 10 |pages= 3373–7 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9329371 |doi=10.1210/jc.82.10.3373 |citeseerx=10.1.1.541.2763 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors=Sanghera DK, Aston CE, Saha N, Kamboh MI |title=DNA polymorphisms in two paraoxonase genes (PON1 and PON2) are associated with the risk of coronary heart disease |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=62 |issue= 1 |pages= 36–44 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9443862 |doi=10.1086/301669 | pmc=1376796 }}
• {{cite journal |title=Toward a complete human genome sequence |journal=Genome Res. |volume=8 |issue= 11 |pages= 1097–108 |year= 1999 |pmid= 9847074 |doi= 10.1101/gr.8.11.1097|last1=Sanger Centre |first1=The |last2=Washington University Genome Sequencing Cente |first2=The }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Ng CJ, Wadleigh DJ, Gangopadhyay A, etal |title=Paraoxonase-2 is a ubiquitously expressed protein with antioxidant properties and is capable of preventing cell-mediated oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 48 |pages= 44444–9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11579088 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M105660200 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors=Hong SH, Song J, Min WK, Kim JQ |title=Genetic variations of the paraoxonase gene in patients with coronary artery disease |journal=Clin. Biochem. |volume=34 |issue= 6 |pages= 475–81 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11676977 |doi=10.1016/S0009-9120(01)00257-0 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors=Obineche EN, Frossard PM, Bokhari AM |title=An association study of five genetic loci and left ventricular hypertrophy amongst Gulf Arabs |journal=Hypertens. Res. |volume=24 |issue= 6 |pages= 635–9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11768721 |doi=10.1291/hypres.24.635 }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Janka Z, Juhász A, Rimanóczy AA, etal |title=Codon 311 (Cys --> Ser) polymorphism of paraoxonase-2 gene is associated with apolipoprotein E4 allele in both Alzheimer's and vascular dementias |journal=Mol. Psychiatry |volume=7 |issue= 1 |pages= 110–2 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11803456 |doi= 10.1038/sj/mp/4000916 }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Kao Y, Donaghue KC, Chan A, etal |title=Paraoxonase gene cluster is a genetic marker for early microvascular complications in type 1 diabetes |journal=Diabet. Med. |volume=19 |issue= 3 |pages= 212–5 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11918623 |doi=10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00660.x }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Chen Q, Reis SE, Kammerer CM, etal |title=Association between the severity of angiographic coronary artery disease and paraoxonase gene polymorphisms in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=72 |issue= 1 |pages= 13–22 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12454802 |doi=10.1086/345312 | pmc=378617 }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, etal |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, etal |title=The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7 |journal=Nature |volume=424 |issue= 6945 |pages= 157–64 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12853948 |doi= 10.1038/nature01782 }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Yamada Y, Ando F, Niino N, etal |title=Association of polymorphisms of paraoxonase 1 and 2 genes, alone or in combination, with bone mineral density in community-dwelling Japanese |journal=J. Hum. Genet. |volume=48 |issue= 9 |pages= 469–75 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12955589 |doi= 10.1007/s10038-003-0063-x }}
• {{cite journal |vauthors=Shi J, Zhang S, Tang M, etal |title=Possible association between Cys311Ser polymorphism of paraoxonase 2 gene and late-onset Alzheimer's disease in Chinese |journal=Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. |volume=120 |issue= 2 |pages= 201–4 |year= 2004 |pmid= 14741412 |doi=10.1016/j.molbrainres.2003.10.018 }}

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