| 词条 | Lycoming XR-7755 | ||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Lycoming XR-7755 was the largest piston aircraft engine ever produced in the United States,{{refn|group=Note|The 42-cylinder Yakovlev M-501 diesel was larger, at 8,760 in³ (143.6 L) displacement. Like the XR-7755, it was tested but never flew, though it was later developed into a family of marine diesel engines, including the Zvezda M503.[1]}} with 36 cylinders totaling about 7,750 in³ (127 L) of displacement and a power output of 5,000 horsepower (3,700 kilowatts). It was originally intended to be used in the "European bomber" that eventually emerged as the Convair B-36. Only two examples were built before the project was terminated in 1946. DevelopmentLycoming had not been successful in designing a high-power engine. They had started with an attempt to make a hyper engine that led to the 1,200 hp (890 kW) O-1230; by the time the engine was ready, however, new aircraft designs were all calling for more power. They tried again by "twinning" the engine to produce the H block H-2470, which saw some interest in the Vultee XP-54 "Swoose Goose" project. Work on the H-2470 ended when the XP-54 was cancelled. In one final attempt, Lycoming decided to go all out and build what would turn out to be the largest displacement aircraft piston engine in the world. They put together a team under the direction of VP of Engineering Clarence Wiegman at their main Williamsport factory in the summer of 1943 and started work. DesignThe resulting design used nine banks of four cylinders each, arranged around a central crankshaft with each cylinder bank at a 40° angle to each adjacent bank, to form a four-row radial engine. Unlike most multi-row radials, which "spiral" the cylinders to allow cooling air to reach them, the R-7755 was water-cooled, and so each of the cylinder heads in a cylinder bank were in-line within a cooling jacket. Each cylinder bank had a single overhead cam actuating the poppet valves. The camshaft included two sets of cams, one for full takeoff power, and another for economical cruise. The pilot could select between the two settings, which would shift the camshaft along its axis to bring the other set of cams over the valve stems. The design mounted some of the accessories on the "front side" of the camshafts, namely two magnetos and four distributors. The seventh camshaft was not used in this fashion, its location on the front of the engine was used to feed oil to the propeller reduction gearing. The original XR-7755-1 design drove a single propeller, but even on the largest aircraft the propeller needed to absorb the power would have been ridiculously large. This led to a minor redesign that produced the XR-7755-3, using a new propeller gearing system driving a set of coaxial shafts to power a set of contra-rotating propellers. The propeller reduction gearing also had two speed settings to allow for a greater range of operating power than adjustable props alone could deliver. Another minor modification resulted in the XR-7755-5, the only change being the replacement of carburetors with a new fuel injection system. Operational historyThe engine first started testing at {{cvt|5000|hp}} in 1944 with the XR-7755-3. A second example was provided, as planned, to the United States Army Air Forces at Wright Field in 1946. However, by this time the Air Force had lost interest in new piston designs due to the introduction of jet engines. The original test engine was later delivered to the Smithsonian Institution, where it was recently restored.[2] Specifications (XR-7755){{pistonspecs| |ref=Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1947[3] |type=36-cylinder turbosupercharged liquid-cooled "star" (9 banks at 40° angles, 4 cylinders in each bank) aircraft piston engine |bore={{cvt|6.375|in}} |stroke={{cvt|6.75|in}} |displacement={{cvt|7756.3|cuin|l}} |length={{cvt|121.35|in}} |diameter={{cvt|61|in}} |width={{cvt|60.5|in}} |height={{cvt|61|in}} |weight={{cvt|6050|lb}} |valvetrain=Single overhead camshaft per bank with separate cams for takeoff and economical cruise (Variable valve timing) |supercharger=Impeller diameter {{cvt|14.4|in}}, at 6:1 drive ratio |turbocharger= |fuelsystem=Carburettor (-1 and -3); Fuel injection (-5) |fueltype= |oilsystem=pressure system - {{cvt|100|psi}} at {{cvt|500|lb/min|kg/min}} flow rate |coolingsystem=Liquid-cooled |power=
|specpower={{cvt|0.64|hp/cuin|kW/l}} |compression= |fuelcon=~{{cvt|580|USgal/h|impgal/h l/h}} |specfuelcon=
|oilcon= |power/weight={{cvt|0.82|hp/lb|kW/kg}} }} See also{{aircontent|similar engines=
|lists=
}} Notes1. ^{{cite web |last1=Pearce |first1=William |title=Yakovlev M-501 and Zvezda M503 and M504 Diesel Engines |url=https://oldmachinepress.com/2016/09/05/yakovlev-m-501-and-zvezda-m503-and-m504-diesel-engines/ |website=Old Machine Press |accessdate=26 October 2018 |date=5 September 2016}} 2. ^{{cite web |last1=Ribando |first1=Robert J. |title=The XR-7755-3 Restoration Photos Taken at the Garber Center April 19, 2002 |url=http://www.people.virginia.edu/~rjr/engines/x7restored |website=University of Virginia |accessdate=24 July 2018 |date=19 April 2002}} 3. ^{{cite book |title=Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1947 |edition= |editor1-last=Bridgman |editor1-first=Leonard |year=1947 |publisher=Sampson Low, Marston & Co |location=London |page=72d}} References{{reflist}}Further reading
External links{{Commons category|Lycoming XR-7755}}
5 : Abandoned military aircraft engine projects of the United States|Aircraft piston engines 1940–1949|Lycoming aircraft engines|Inline radial engines|Water-cooled radial engines |
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