| 词条 | Popular Nasserist Organization |
| 释义 |
| colorcode = green | name = Popular Nasserist Organization | native_name = التنظيم الشعبي الناصري | logo = | leader = Osama Saad | founder = Maarouf Saad | foundation = 1973 | ideology = Nasserism Arab nationalism Pan-Arabism Anti-Zionism Left-wing nationalism | position = Centre-left | religion = Predominantly Sunni Islam with some Shi'a Islam and Christianity | country = Lebanon | national = March 8 Alliance | headquarters = Sidon, Lebanon | flag = }}{{Politics of Lebanon}} The Popular Nasserist Organization – PNO (Arabic: التنظيم الشعبي الناصري | Al-Tanzim al-Sha'aby al-Nassery) or Organisation Populaire Nassérienne (OPN) in French, is a Sidon-based Nasserist party originally formed in 1973 by Maarouf Saad, a Sunni Muslim Pan-Arab politician and member of Parliament (MP) later killed by the Lebanese Army during a February 1975 dock strike held in that port city.[1] Structure and organizationThe PNO's military wing, the National Liberation Army – NLA (Arabic: Jayish al-Tahrir al-Watani) or Armée de Liberation Nationale (ALN) was first raised in March 1975 at Sidon by Mustafa Saad, son of the late Maarouf. Secretly trained and armed by Fatah, the NLA was initially financed by Yasser Arafat's organization and Libya, later replaced in the mid-1980s by the Sidon-born Saudi-Lebanese millionaire Rafic Hariri, in order to protect his business interests in the Sidon area. A small but disciplinated fighting force, predominately Sunni Muslim with some Shia Muslims and Christians, the NLA comprised some 500-1,000 uniformed male and female fighters[2] organized into conventional 'Commando', Infantry, Signals, and Military Police branches. It fielded a 'mechanized' corps provided with a single UR-416 armoured car seized from the Lebanese Forces in 1985,[3][4][5] plus 40 all-terrain vehicles converted into technicals. The latter consisted mostly of Suzuki Jimny LJ20 1st generation off-road mini SUVs,[6] Land-Rover series II-III, Peugeot 404, Toyota Land Cruiser (J40),[7][8] Toyota Land Cruiser (J55), Toyota Land Cruiser (J70), GMC Sierra Custom K25/K30, and Datsun 720 pickup trucks[9] fitted with heavy machine-guns, recoilless rifles and anti-aircraft autocannons. The PNO in the Civil War: 1975–90Closely allied with the Al-Mourabitoun, the PNO/NLA joined the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) in April 1975,[10] playing a somewhat significant role in the controversial siege of the Christian coastal town of Damour alongside the Al-Mourabitoun, the PLO and Palestine Liberation Army units in January 1976, and later took part in the 'Spring offensive' held in March that year on the Mount Lebanon region. Forced to go underground during the June 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon when the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF) occupied Sidon, the PNO/NLA re-formed in the wake of the Israeli pull-out from southern Lebanon in March–April 1985, and fought alongside the Palestinians at the battles for Kfar-Fallus and Jezzine against the Israeli-backed South Lebanese Army (SLA). Simultaneously, they joined in a Syrian-backed coalition with the Druze Progressive Socialist Party (PSP), the Sunni Al-Mourabitoun and the Shi'ite Amal Movement, which defeated the Christian Lebanese Forces (LF) attempts to establish bridgeheads at Damour and Sidon.[11] The post-war yearsThe party is led today by Osama Saad, who was an MP in the Lebanese Parliament, and it is an active party in the March 8 Alliance at the regional level in southern Lebanon and the district of Sidon. See also
Notes1. ^Deeb, The Lebanese Civil War (1980), pp. 68-69. 2. ^Makdisi and Sadaka, The Lebanese Civil War, 1975-1990 (2003), p. 44, Table 1: War Period Militias. 3. ^Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2003), p. 56. 4. ^Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 72. 5. ^El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 125. 6. ^Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 74. 7. ^Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2003), p. 52. 8. ^El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 27. 9. ^El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 55-57. 10. ^McGowan, Roberts, Abu Khalil, and Scott Mason, Lebanon: a country study (1989), p. 243. 11. ^O'Ballance, Civil War in Lebanon (1998), p. 156. References
10 : 1973 establishments in Lebanon|Arab nationalism in Lebanon|Arab nationalist militant groups|Factions in the Lebanese Civil War|Israeli–Lebanese conflict|March 8 Alliance|Nasserist political parties|Nationalist parties in Lebanon|Political parties established in 1973|Socialist parties in Lebanon |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。