“Population ethics”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Population ethics

释义

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References

{{jargon|date=June 2018}}Population ethics is the philosophical study of the ethical problems concerning populations. It is also sometimes called population axiology, which is "the theory of when one state of affairs is better than another, where the states of affairs may differ over the number of people who ever live".^[1] It deals with the special problems that arise when actions or policies cannot be said to affect individual persons but merely to substitute one group of people with another. Such problems usually only arise when our actions affect future generations. Perspectives in population ethics include natalism (encouraging childbearing and population growth) and antinatalism (which sees birth as undesirable).

“Most discussion in population ethics has concentrated on how to evaluate populations in regard to their goodness, that is, how to order populations by the relations “is better than” and “is as good as”. This field has been riddled with paradoxes which purport to show that our considered beliefs are inconsistent in cases where the number of people and their welfare varies.”^[2]

Population ethics is especially important when making large-scale decisions like those regarding climate policy.^[3] Population ethics may be also applied to evaluate scenarios that influence how people value averting deaths in charitable organizations.^[4]

External links

Population Ethics, Aggregate Welfare, and the Repugnant Conclusion
The Repugnant Conclusion in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
On the Buddhist Truths and the Paradoxes in Population Ethics

References

1. ^Greaves, Hilary. "Comparing existence and nonexistence". http://users.ox.ac.uk/~mert2255/talks/existence.pdf
2. ^Arrhenius Gustav, 2004, The paradoxes of future generations and normative theory, in The repugnant conclusion, essays on population ethics, p.201, Dordrecht, Holland: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
3. ^Population Ethics: Theory and Practice. Future of Humanity Institute, University of Oxford. http://www.populationethics.org/
4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://blog.givewell.org/2016/12/12/amf-population-ethics/|title=AMF and Population Ethics|last=Cotra|first=Ajeya|date=2016-12-12|website=The GiveWell Blog|access-date=2017-01-13}}

3 : Population ethics|Human overpopulation|Environmental controversies

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