词条 | Portmarnock Golf Club |
释义 |
| name = Portmarnock Golf Club | image = Aerial View of Portmarnock Golf Club and peninsula.jpg | caption = Aerial View of Portmarnock Golf Club and peninsula | location = {{flag|Ireland}} | coordinates = {{coord|53.407|N|6.124|W|type:landmark_region:IE|display=inline,title}} | establishment = 1894 | type = Private | owner = | operator = | holes = 27 | website = {{URL|http://www.portmarnockgolfclub.ie/}} | course1 = Championship Course | designer1 = William Pickeman | par1 = 72 | length1 = {{convert|7,463|yd}} | rating1 = | record1 = 68, James Fox | pushpin_map = Dublin | pushpin_relief = 1 | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Greater Dublin }} Portmarnock Golf Club is a links golf club in Portmarnock, County Dublin, Ireland, located 15 minutes from Dublin Airport. On Christmas Eve 1893, an insurance broker named W.C.Pickeman and his friend George Ross rowed over from Sutton to Portmarnock peninsula to explore the possibility of creating a golf links. The peninsula is about two miles long and covers over 500 acres. The course opened on St. Stephen’s day 1894 with nine holes. It was extended to eighteen holes in 1896 with a new clubhouse and a further nine holes were added in 1971. The championship course follows the original layout although considerably lengthened (over 7,500 yards of the Championship tees). The only major change in the routing was the insertion in 1927 of a new now famous par three, the 15th hole. Portmarnock was the venue for the first Irish Open in 1927, and has hosted the tournament on many occasions since, including 13 following its revival in 1975.[1] Many other important golf tournaments have been held at the club, including the British Amateur Championship in 1949, the Walker Cup in 1991, and the Canada Cup in 1960. Over the course of 121 years Portmarnock Golf Club has welcomed some of the greatest players in the world from early greats such as Harry Vardon, Henry Cotton, Bobby Locke to the first super star of golf Arnold Palmer. In recent years Pádraig Harrington, Rory McIlroy, Phil Mickelson, David Duval, Paul McGinley and Tiger Woods have all walked the pristine links fairways. The links green rates and online tee times are available online.[2] It is regularly famed as one of the world's greatest links golf clubs. In 2014/15 it was voted as the best golf links in Ireland through Golf Digest magazine.[3] Some notable quotations from Professional Golfers
Discrimination claimsIn 2003 the Equality Authority of Ireland brought a successful discrimination case in the Dublin District Court under which the club's drinks licence was suspended for 7 days.[4] The finding was overturned in the High Court in 2005,[5] and again in the Supreme Court in 2009,[6] allowing the club to keep its men-only policy. In 2005, the High Courts decision in the Equal Authority v. Portmarnock Golf Club & Ors case set back any potential progress in the fight for gender equality. While the authority argued such discrimination could not be protected by Section 9 of the ESA because the club providing a space for golf is not necessarily a “need” of men, the Supreme Court believed it was fair to hold Portmarnock Golf Club as a nondiscriminatory club under the Equal Status Act, ruling the fundamental purpose of the club was golf.[7] Portmarnock Golf Club’s men-only policy is legally enforceable due to its exemption under equal status legislation. The reason for this discrimination against women is because the club has claimed their main purpose is to accommodate the needs of only one gender. Section 9 of the Equal Status Act states that clubs whose main purpose is to serve the needs of only one gender may be considered nondiscriminatory.[8] However, Section 8 of the ESA holds that a club will be considered discriminatory if there is anything, such as a rule or practice that exempts a qualified member or an applicant for membership from being a member of the club. In addition, Section 8 claims a club is considered to be discriminatory if there are different terms and conditions of membership for different individuals.[9] Because Section 8 prohibits gender discrimination, Portmarnock was technically a discriminating club under Section 8 of the ESA.[10] Women are welcome to play at the north Dublin course, with full access to the facilities but are not granted the ability to become a full member.[11] Pormarnock Golf Club is one of only two top golf clubs in Ireland that still prohibits women from becoming members.[12] The 2019 Amateur Championship will be staged at Portmarnock, having been allocated the tournament before a review by the Royal & Ancient of their policy around assigning events to clubs which only admit men as members.[13] References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.europeantour.com/default.sps?pagegid=%7BAEFB93B0%2DEFF5%2D4C05%2DAB0F%2DFD08D947D944%7D&eventid=2003042&infosid=19 |title=Nissan Irish Open - Past Winners |publisher=europeantour.com |accessdate=2008-10-21}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.portmarnockgolfclub.ie/visitors/visitor-information |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-07-28 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606115418/http://www.portmarnockgolfclub.ie/visitors/visitor-information |archivedate=2014-06-06 |df= }} 3. ^http://www.golfdigesttop100.ie/top-100-2015/top10 4. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2004/0220/portmarnock.html |title=Portmarnock golf club breaches equality laws |publisher=RTÉ News |date=February 20, 2004 |accessdate=2008-10-21}} 5. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2004/0220/portmarnock.html |title=Equality Authority may appeal golf club ruling |publisher=RTÉ News |date=June 10, 2005 |accessdate=2008-10-21}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2009/1103/portmarnock.html|title=Supreme Court upholds golf club ban|date=2009-11-03|work=RTÉ News|accessdate=2009-11-03}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://humanrights.ie/gender-sexuality-and-the-law/the-supreme-court-equality-and-golfing-as-need/|title=The Supreme Court, Equality, Golfing and 'Need' – Human Rights in Ireland|website=humanrights.ie|access-date=2016-10-02}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/portmarnock-golf-club-wins-discrimination-case-1.1178486|title=Portmarnock Golf club wins discrimination case|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-02}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/news/portmarnock-golf-club-wins-discrimination-case-1.1178486|title=Portmarnock Golf club wins discrimination case|language=en-US|access-date=2016-10-02}} 10. ^{{Cite journal|title=No Women (and Dogs) Allowed: A Comparative Analysis of Discriminating Private Golf Clubs in the United States, Ireland, and England|journal=Washington University Global Studies Law Review|volume=6}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2009/1103/123726-portmarnock/|title=Supreme Court upholds golf club ban|access-date=2016-10-02}} 12. ^{{Cite journal|title=No Women (and Dogs) Allowed: A Comparative Analysis of Discriminating Private Golf Clubs in the United States, Ireland, and England|journal=Washington University Global Studies Law Review|volume=6}} 13. ^{{cite web |last1=Reid |first1=Philip |title=Portmarnock to host Amateur Championship despite men-only policy |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/golf/portmarnock-to-host-amateur-championship-despite-men-only-policy-1.2784144 |website=Irish Times |date=8 September 2016}} External links
7 : Portmarnock|Golf clubs and courses in the Republic of Ireland|Sport in Fingal|Walker Cup venues|Golf in County Dublin|1894 establishments in Ireland|Irish Open (golf) venues |
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