“Lynnfield, Massachusetts”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Lynnfield initially consisted of two distinct villages with a single governing body. Lynnfield Center comprises mostly an agricultural population, while South Lynnfield boasted a mixed culture. Together, the two towns evolved into one of the most prosperous suburbs in the North Shore region of Massachusetts.^[2]

History

The town of Lynnfield was first settled in 1638 and was made a district separate from Lynn in 1782. It was later officially incorporated in 1814. Historically, Lynnfield functioned as two separate villages connected by one governing body: in Lynnfield Center resided a mostly agricultural population, while South Lynnfield was a crossroad situated amongst neighboring larger towns. During this time, the town had two inns, a granite rock quarry, a small carbonated beverage bottler, and various eating institutions.

The stagecoach line north from Boston to Portsmouth, New Hampshire, known locally as the "Newburyport Turnpike", ran through South Lynnfield. Later this roadway became U.S. Route 1, the route which brought many people north to the small town during the post-World War Two population surge. Lynnfield had attractions such as horse shows and ballroom dancing. Lynnfield has since become a modern, chiefly residential suburb of Boston.

Along with the communities of Chelsea, Lynn, Salem, Marblehead, Danvers, Middleton, Andover, Methuen, Haverhill, Amesbury and Salisbury, Lynnfield was a part of "The Gerry-mander" so described by the Boston Gazette on March 26, 1812.

Lynnfield Center retained limited commuter rail service, via the Boston & Maine Railroad, into the late 1950s/early 1960s with a small railroad boarding platform located not far from the current Town Hall offices.

When, in the 1960s, the United States Post Office implemented the Zone Improvement Program with 5-digit numerical codes, Lynnfield was assigned two ZIP codes, 01940 and 01944, for the Lynnfield Center and the South Lynnfield post offices, respectively. Later, 01944 was reassigned to Manchester (now Manchester-by-the-Sea); South Lynnfield currently shares Zip Code 01940 with Lynnfield Center.

Geography and transportation

Lynnfield is located at {{coord|42|31|40|N|71|1|42|W|type:city}} (42.527895, -71.028348).^[3] According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of {{convert|27.1|sqkm|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|25.6|sqkm|order=flip}} is land and {{convert|1.5|sqkm|order=flip}}, or 5.58%, is water.^[4] The Ipswich River forms the northern border of the town, and several brooks cross through town. Several lakes and ponds dot the town, including Suntaug Lake, Reedy Meadow, Pillings Pond, and Walden Pond (a less famous cousin of the one in Concord). A portion of the Lynn Woods Reservation is located in the southeast corner of town, and in the northwest part of town lies part of Camp Curtis Guild, a Massachusetts National Guard base which also contains lands in the neighboring towns. The highest part of town lies on Middleton Hill in the northern part of town.

Lynnfield lies along the western border of Essex County, and is bordered by the Middlesex County towns of Wakefield to the southwest, Reading to the west, and North Reading to the north and northwest. Within Essex County, the town is bordered by Peabody to the northeast, Lynn to the southeast, and Saugus to the south. The town commons lies {{convert|9|mi|0}} west of Salem, {{convert|14|mi}} north of Boston, and {{convert|15|mi}} south of Lawrence.

Interstate 95 and Route 128 pass concurrently through town twice, becoming separate just over the Peabody line. U.S. Route 1 and Massachusetts Route 129 also enter the town concurrently, separating in the southeast corner of town, at the Lynnfield Tunnel, a local traffic landmark. There are no other state or national routes passing through town. The Springfield Terminal railroad passes through town, but is no longer in service. There is no commuter rail service within town; the nearest service can be found on the Haverhill/Reading Line of the MBTA Commuter Rail just west of town in Wakefield. The nearest airport is Beverly Municipal Airport to the east; the nearest national and international air service can be found at Boston's Logan International Airport.

Demographics

As of the census of 2010,^[5] there were 11,596 people, 4,179 households, and 3,267 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,143 people per square mile (439.5/km²). There were 4,354 housing units at an average density of 429.2 per square mile (162.7/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 94.7% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 3.3% Asian, 0% Pacific Islander, 0.4% from other races, and 1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.7% of the population.

There were 4,179 households out of which 35.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.5% were married couples living together, 7.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.5% a male householder with no wife present, and 21.8% were non-families. 18.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.77 and the average family size was 3.20.

In the town, the population was spread out with 25.3% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 19.6% from 25 to 44, 31.7% from 45 to 64, and 17.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $136,101, and the median income for a family was $95,804, which are both well over the national averages. Males had a median income of $82,386 versus $50,589 for females. The per capita income for the town was $50,916. The average household net worth is $966,273.

Government

The town is more conservative than much of the state. In the 2012 Presidential election, former Governor Mitt Romney received 60.9% of the town's vote.^[6] The 2012 results illustrates the town's continued drift to the right. In the 2008 Presidential election, John McCain received 55% of the town's vote,^[7] up slightly from the George W. Bush's 53% in 2004.^[8]

Local government

Lynnfield uses the open town meeting model common in New England with a Board of Selectmen overseeing the operation of the town.^[9]

State and federal representation

Lynnfield is part of Massachusetts's 6th congressional district, represented by Seth Moulton, effective January 2015. In the Massachusetts Senate, Lynnfield lies within the Third Essex district and is currently represented by Democrat Thomas M. McGee.^[10] In the Massachusetts House of Representatives, the town is located within the 20th Middlesex district, represented by Republican Bradley Jones, Jr..

Education

Lynnfield Public Schools operates area public schools. Lynnfield High School is the district's public high school. The area is also served by Lynnfield Middle School, Huckleberry Hill Elementary School and Summer Street Elementary School. Our Lady of the Assumption is a Catholic school.^[11]

The school system consistently has one of the highest standardized test scores of the state. In 2005, Lynnfield High School was named a Blue Ribbon School by the Department of Education as part of the National Blue Ribbon Schools Program. In Boston Magazine's 2012 rankings of public high schools, Lynnfield High School was ranked 28th in the state.^[12] In 2014, Lynnfield High School was ranked 22nd in the state by U.S. News & World Report.^[13]

Economy

Notable people

References

1. ^{{Cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov| title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Lynnfield town, Essex County, Massachusetts| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| accessdate=September 4, 2012}}
2. ^{{cite news|last=Conway|first=Andrew|title=History in Lynnfield|url=http://nshoremag.com/history-in-lynnfield/|accessdate=10 November 2012|newspaper=Northshore Magazine|date=22 November 2011}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}
4. ^{{Cite web| url=http://factfinder2.census.gov| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Lynnfield town, Essex County, Massachusetts| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| accessdate=September 4, 2012}}
5. ^American Factfinder: US Census Bureau website. Retrieved 4/2/2012
6. ^{{cite news |first= William |last= Laforme |title= UPDATED: Lynnfield Election Results 2012 |url=http://lynnfield.patch.com/articles/lynnfield-election-results-2012 |work= Patch Lynnfield |date= 7 November 2012 |accessdate= 9 November 2012}}
7. ^CNN Election Central: 2008
8. ^CNN Election Central: 2004
9. ^{{cite web|title=Board of Selectmen|url=http://www.town.lynnfield.ma.us/Pages/LynnfieldMA_BOS/index|work=Town of Lynnfield Website|publisher=Town of Lynnfield|accessdate=10 November 2012}}
10. ^https://malegislature.gov/People/Profile/TMM0
11. ^{{cite web|title=District Schools|url=http://www.lynnfield.k12.ma.us/pages/Lynnfield_PS/Schools|work=Lynnfield Public Schools|publisher=Lynnfield Public Schools|accessdate=10 November 2012}}
12. ^{{cite web| title= Boston’s Best Schools 2012: Top 50 Ranking of High Schools in Boston and Boston Suburbs |url=http://www.bostonmagazine.com/articles/best-schools-boston-2012-top-50/ | work= Boston Magazine |accessdate= 9 November 2012}}
13. ^[https://www.usnews.com/education/best-high-schools/massachusetts/districts/lynnfield/lynnfield-high-school-9425]
14. ^{{cite web|last=Billy|first=Costa|url=http://www.kiss108.com/pages/billycosta.html|publisher=KISS 108FM|accessdate=7 November 2013}}
15. ^{{cite web|last=Hank|first=Finkel|title=Where Are They Now? Hank Finkel|url=http://www.nba.com/celtics/history/WhereAreTheyHinkel.html|publisher=nba.com|accessdate=7 November 2013}}
16. ^{{cite news|last=May|first=Peter|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/23/sports/basketball/chris-ford-former-celtics-player-among-knicks-aides-for-coach-mike-woodson.html|accessdate=7 November 2013|newspaper=New York Times|date=April 2013|quote=22}}
17. ^"Where to find celebrities resting places", Charlie Wells, SF Chronicle, July 26, 2010.
18. ^{{cite web|last=Kenney|first=Dennis|title=Dennis Kenney Theatre Credits|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/people/Dennis-Kenney/|work=Broadway World|publisher=Wisdom Digital Media|accessdate=7 November 2013}}
19. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2dYlDQAAQBAJ&lpg=PT182|title=Boston Bruins: Greatest Moments and Players|last=Fischler|first=Stan|date=2013-01-02|publisher=Skyhorse Publishing, Inc.|year=|isbn=9781683580652|location=|pages=182|language=en}}
20. ^Bob Tufts
21. ^{{cite book |last=Wellman |first=Joshua Wyman |authorlink = |title =Descendants of Thomas Wellman |publisher = Arthur Holbrook Wellman |volume = |edition = |date =1918 |location =Boston |page =69 |isbn =}}
22. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tS1hmkDeICUC&lpg=PA216|title=The Red Sox Encyclopedia|last=Redmount|first=Robert|date=|publisher=Sports Publishing LLC|year=1998|isbn=9781582610122|location=|pages=216|language=en}}