| 词条 | Port Victoria Grain Griffin | |||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Grain Griffin was a British carrier based reconnaissance aircraft developed and built by the RNAS Marine Experimental Depot, Port Victoria during the First World War. A development of the unsuccessful Sopwith B.1 bomber, the Grain Griffin was a two-seat single-engined biplane that was built in small numbers for Britain's Royal Naval Air Service, being used operationally during the British intervention in the Russian Civil War. Development and designIn late 1916, Sopwith designed and built a prototype of a single-engined, single-seat bomber, the Sopwith B.1. It had demonstrated good performance, and had been briefly evaluated by the RNAS in the bomber role over the Western Front in May–June 1917, but was rejected, with larger twin-engined bombers being preferred.[1] After its return from France, the prototype B.1 (serial no. N.50), was sent to the RNAS Marine Experimental Depot at Port Victoria on the Isle of Grain for conversion to a two-seat reconnaissance aircraft, to be fitted with folding wings for operation from the Royal Navy's aircraft carriers. A cockpit for the observer replaced the bomb-bay of the B.1 behind the pilot's cockpit, while the wings were shortened to allow them to fold. A hydroplane was fitted ahead of the undercarriage and floatation gear added to allow safe ditching at sea. It retained the Hispano-Suiza 8 engine used by the bomber.[2] When the modified aircraft was tested in November 1917, it was found that the changes had greatly reduced the aircraft's performance, while handling was also poor, with little aileron control.[3] The design office at Port Victoria had realised prior to the first flight that the proposed changes would not be beneficial to performance, and had commenced design of a modified design, based on the B.1, to solve these problems. These changes included new, longer-span, two-bay wings and a wider fuselage to give room to carry a radio for the observer. The new aircraft was given the name Grain Griffin. N.50 was modified with the new wings and modified controls which greatly improved performance and handling.[3] The first of the true Griffins, serial number N.100, powered by a 200 hp (149 kW) Sunbeam Arab engine started testing in June 1918. A further six Griffins followed, with one powered by the unreliable Arab and the remaining five powered by the 230 hp Bentley BR2 rotary engine.[5] Operational historyThe Griffins did not see service during the First World War. however, in July 1919, at least three Griffins were deployed on board the aircraft carrier HMS Vindictive when it sailed to the Baltic Sea in support of the British intervention in the Baltic as part of the Russian Civil War. The Griffin was replaced in service by the Parnall Panther, which was chosen to equip the Royal Air Force's Fleet Spotter squadrons.[4] Operators
Specifications (Griffin (BR.2 engine)){{aircraft specifications|plane or copter?=plane |jet or prop?=prop |ref=British Aeroplanes 1914-18 [5] |crew=Two |capacity= |length main=27 ft 6 in |length alt=8.38 m |span main=42 ft 6 in |span alt=12.95 m |height main=10 ft 0 in |height alt=3.05 m |area main=506 ft² |area alt=47.0 m² |airfoil= |empty weight main=1,675 lb |empty weight alt=760 kg |loaded weight main=2,858 lb |loaded weight alt= 1,296 kg |useful load main= |useful load alt= |max takeoff weight main= |max takeoff weight alt= |more general= |engine (prop)=Bentley BR2 |type of prop=nine-cylinder air-cooled rotary engine |number of props=1 |power main=230 hp |power alt=172 kW |power original= |max speed main=98 knots |max speed alt=112.5 mph, 181 km/h |max speed more=at 6,500 ft (1,980 m) |cruise speed main= |cruise speed alt= |never exceed speed main= |never exceed speed alt= |stall speed main= |stall speed alt= |range main= |range alt= |ceiling main=16,500 ft |ceiling alt=5,029 m |climb rate main= |climb rate alt= |loading main=5.65 lb/ft² |loading alt=27.6 kg/m² |thrust/weight= |power/mass main=0.080 hp/lb |power/mass alt=0.13 kW/kg |more performance=*Endurance: 5½ hours
|guns=1x .303 in Lewis gun behind rear cockpit |bombs= |avionics= }} See also{{aircontent|related=*Sopwith B.1 |similar aircraft= |lists=
|see also= }} References1. ^Bruce 2001, pp.1-6. 2. ^Bruce 1957, p.342. 3. ^1 Collyer 1991, p.54. 4. ^1 Collyer 1991, p.55. 5. ^Bruce 1957, pp.344-345.
6 : British military reconnaissance aircraft 1910–1919|Port Victoria aircraft|Single-engined tractor aircraft|Biplanes|Carrier-based aircraft|Rotary-engined aircraft |
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