| 词条 | Potiskum Emirate |
| 释义 |
| name = Potiskum Emirate | native_name = | native_name_lang = | settlement_type = Traditional state | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_map = | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Nigeria | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|11.72|11.07|display=inline,title}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Nigeria | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Yobe | subdivision_type2 = Emirate | subdivision_name2 = Potiskum | established_date = 1809 | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | leader_title =Emir | leader_name = Umaru Bubaram Ibn Wuriwa Bauya | unit_pref = Metric | area_total_km2 = | length_km = | width_km = }} The Potiskum Emirate (or Pataskum Emirate) is a traditional state in Nigeria, with headquarters in Potiskum, Yobe State. The emir holds the title "Mai". The emirate was founded in 1809. In 1913 the British colonial rulers merged it into the Fika Emirate. In 2000 it was again made an independent emirate. Both the Fika and Potiskum emirates have their headquarters in the city of Potiskum, and there are continued disputes over land and authority. Original emirateThe Potiskum Emirate was organized by the Ngizim people, who had subjugated the Karakare people.{{sfn|Whitaker|2015|p=384}} The state was formed in 1809 by a Chief of the Ngizim named Mai Bauya or Buyan.{{sfn|World Statesmen}} In the 19th century people of the Misau emirate often raided the Kerikeri country. The Misau Emir Amadu (1834–48) captured the capital, Potiskum. Usuman (1848–61) and Sale (1861–85) also raided the Kerikeri.{{sfn|Fremantle|1912|p=188}} In 1901 the Potiskum Emirate became part of the British Northern Nigeria Protectorate.{{sfn|World Statesmen}} Within Fika EmirateThe neighboring Fika Emirate had been founded by the Bolewa, said to be Kanembu in origin. They moved to the area and subjugated the local Ngamo people.{{sfn|Whitaker|2015|p=384}} Fika town, the traditional capital, is about {{convert|60|km}} south of Potiskum. The Emir of Fika is one of the leading traditional rulers in the north of Nigeria.{{sfn|Schuh|1996|p=620}} In 1909 the western part of Potiskum was merged into the Fika Emirate, and on 13 May 1913 the eastern portion was also merged into Fika for administrative convince by the colonial rulers tgen.{{sfn|World Statesmen}} At the time of merger the Fika Emirate had a population of 25,400 including Bolewa, Gamawa, Kerikeri and Shira people, with an area of {{convert|990|sqmi}}. The Potiskum Emirate had a population of 11,500 with an area of {{convert|320|sqmi}}.{{sfn|Monsell|Elder|1919|loc=PT175}} The Fika Emirate thus had authority over the Bolewa and Ngamawa people of Fina and Gadaka {{sfn|Whitaker|2015|p=384}} The Bolewa Wrongly claimed title to the land which was founded by the Ngizim people. {{sfn|Blench|Longtau|Hassan|Walsh|2006|p=44}} During World War I (1914–18) there was some unrest against the colonial rule. In 1915 Potiskum town by the then ruler of Potiskum (Ngizim) .{{sfn|Watts|2013|p=366}} The roller was deposed by the British. He managed to hold Potiskum for some time before government troops accompanied by dogarai from Kano and Maiduguri defeated him in late May 1915.{{sfn|Akinjide Osuntokun|1971|p=183}} In the 1920s the main east-west road was built through Potiskum, which became a commercial and political center.{{sfn|Schuh|1996|p=620}} The emir's court moved to Potiskum in 1924.{{sfn|Blench|Longtau|Hassan|Walsh|2006|p=44}} In the 1950s the Ngizim and Karekare Union political association represented the subject people of Bornu province, allied with the Northern Elements Progressive Union (NEPU). The ruling Bolewa tribe was identified with the dominant Northern People's Congress (NPC).{{sfn|Whitaker|2015|p=384}} The Potiskum emirate was recreated by Yobe State governor Bukar Ibrahim on 5 August 1993, when he split the state's four emirates into 13. This change was reversed by the military regime of Sani Abacha that took control later that year.{{sfn|Ola Amupitan|2002}} Modern emirateIn his second term after the return to democracy, on 6 January 2000, Yobe Governor Bukar Ibrahim re-implemented the new emirates, adding Gazargamo, Gujba, Nguru, Tikau, Pataskum, Yusufari, Gudi, Fune and Jajere.{{sfn|Ola Amupitan|2002}} There had been only four emirates when Yobe State was created. Now there were thirteen.{{sfn|Epiphany Azinge|2013|p=4}} The Emir of Fika, Muhammadu Abali, protested at the break-up of his emirate and took the government to court, but eventually accepted the change.{{sfn|Ola Amupitan|2002}} In May 2007 the Emir of Potiskum, Umaru Bubaram Ibn Wuriwa Bauya, thanked the people for contributing N32 million of the N51 million used to build his new palace.{{sfn|Isa Umar Gusau|2007}} The ultra-modern palace was commissioned by outgoing Governor Bukar Ibrahim.{{sfn|A New Dawn 2007}} The palace was the scene of a gathering in January 2009 of political leaders including Senate President David Mark, former Senate Presidents Anyim Pius Anyim and Adolphus Wabara and many more, paying tribute to the governor of the state, Senator Mamman Bello Ali who had just died.{{sfn|Sufuyan Ojeifo|2009}} In June 2010 the Emir of Potiskum gave the title of "Turakin Potiskum" to the state's former commissioner of finance, Alhaji Mohamed Hassan, in recognition of his contributions to the development of the state.{{sfn|Sunday Isuwa|2010}} In March 2011 Emir Umaru Bubaram gave his support to the campaign of Ibrahim Geidam for a second term as Yobe governor on the All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) platform.{{sfn|Kabir Matazu|2011}} In July 2010 Emir Umaru Bubaram supported a proposal by the Emir of Fika, Muhammadu Abali, to convert the old Potiskum Prison into a museum.{{sfn|Hamza Idris|2010}} In August 2012 during Ramadan the Pataskum Emirate Council distributed bags of millet and guinea corn to needy people under the Islamic Zakat program. The food had been donated by people of the emirate.{{sfn|Mohammed Abubakar|2012}} In May 2012 more than thirty people were killed in an attack in the Potiskum Market. At first linked to the Boko Haram sect, it was later thought that armed robbers were responsible. Emir Umaru Bubaram visited the scene and condemned the attack.{{sfn|Abiodun Badejo|2012}} On 10 November 2014 a Boko Haram suicide bombing in a Potiskum secondary school caused the death of over 40 students.{{sfn|Owolabi Adenusi|Cyril Mbah|2014}} This was one of several incidents in the recent insurgency. An angry mob refused to give soldiers or the State Police Commissioner access to the scene of the incident. The emirs of Fika and Potiskum said they had called on elders in their respective domains to educate the mob on the need to allow security personnel to operate.{{sfn|Michael Olugbode|2014}} RulersFrom 1809 to 1858 the rulers took the title Kachalla. They were:{{sfn|World Statesmen}} {{colbegin}}
From 1858 the rulers took the title "Mai". They were:{{sfn|World Statesmen}} {{colbegin}}
Rulers under the Fika emirate were:{{sfn|World Statesmen}} {{colbegin}}
Rulers of the Pataskum emirate from 1993 to 1995 were:{{sfn|World Statesmen}}
After an interregnum from 1995 to 2000, the emirate was restored on 6 January 2000. Rulers since then:
ReferencesSources{{refbegin}}
|author=Abiodun Badejo|date=2012-05-04|work=Daily Post|title=60 Killed in Potiskum Cattle Market Attack |accessdate=2016-01-18}}
|author=Akinjide Osuntokun|journal=Canadian Journal of African Studies |volume=5 |issue=2|date=Spring 1971 |publisher=Taylor & Francis, Ltd. on behalf of the Canadian Association of African Studies|jstor=483988|subscription=yes}}
|title=A New Dawn |date=June 18, 2007 |work=The Source Magazine |accessdate=2010-09-15}}
|publisher=Bade Emirate |accessdate=2010-09-15}}
|last1=Blench|first1=Roger|first2=Selbut |last2=Longtau|first3=Umar|last3=Hassan|first4=Martin |last4=Walsh |title=The Role of Traditional Rulers in Conflict Prevention and Mediation in Nigeria |publisher=DFID, Nigeria |date=9 November 2006 |accessdate=14 September 2010}}
|author=Epiphany Azinge|title=Restatement of Customary Law of Nigeria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AEByDrvj3qkC&pg=PA4|accessdate=2016-01-11 |year=2013|publisher=Nigerian Institute of Advanced Legal Studies|isbn=978-978-8407-91-1}}
|last=Fremantle |first=J. M.|journal=Journal of the Royal African Society|volume=11|issue=42 |date=January 1912 |publisher=Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal African Society|jstor=714612|subscription=yes}}
|author=Hamza Idris |date=4 Jul 2010 |accessdate=2010-09-15}}
|author=Isa Umar Gusau |date=13 May 2007 |accessdate=2010-09-15}}
|author=Kabir Matazu|location=Damaturu |date=2011-03-19|title=Yobe: Gaidam’s campaign generates different kind of heat |accessdate=2016-01-18}}
|author=Michael Olugbode |location=Damaturu |title=School Bombing: Mayhem Averted as Irate Potiskum Residents Confront Soldiers|date=2014-11-11}}
|author=Mohammed Abubakar |title=Pataskum Emirate distributes food to masses |location=Damaturu|work=Daily Independent|accessdate=2016-01-18}}
|last1=Monsell|first1=C. N.|last2=Elder|first2=J.H.C.|title=Notes of the Tribes, Emirates Cb: Notes on the Tribes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4p4uAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT175|accessdate=2016-01-12 |date=1919|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-96945-4|chapter=Keri-Keri}}
|author1=Owolabi Adenusi|author2=Cyril Mbah|date=2014-11-11|title=B/Haram bomber kills 48 at Yobe school assembly}}
|last=Schuh|first=Russell G. |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London|volume=59 |issue=3 |year=1996 |jstor=619876|subscription=yes|doi=10.1017/s0041977x00031323}}
|author=Sufuyan Ojeifo |date=1 February 2009 |accessdate=2010-09-15}}
|author=Sunday Isuwa |date=3 June 2010 |accessdate=2010-09-15}}
|last=Watts|first=Michael J.|title=Silent Violence: Food, Famine, and Peasantry in Northern Nigeria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vRuvAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA366|accessdate=2016-01-11 |date=2013-02-01|publisher=University of Georgia Press|isbn=978-0-8203-4445-4}}
|last=Whitaker|first=C. Sylvester Jr.|title=The Politics of Tradition: Continuity and Change in Northern Nigeria, 1946–1966 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C6R9BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA384|accessdate=2016-01-11 |date=2015-03-08|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-1-4008-7176-6}}
|work=World Statesmen |accessdate=2010-09-15}}{{refend}}{{Nigerian traditional states}} 2 : Nigerian traditional states|Emirates |
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