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词条 Powhattan (1837)
释义

  1. Voyages from 1837 to 1854

  2. Sources

  3. References

{{ infobox ship image
Ship image = Ship caption =
}}{{Infobox ship career		 Hide header = Ship country = United States Ship flag = Ship name = Ship namesake = Ship awarded = Ship builder = Ship laid down = Ship launched = 1837 Ship acquired = Ship commissioned = Ship decommissioned = Ship in service = February 2, 1837 Ship out of service = Ship struck = Ship honors = Ship fate = Wrecked April 16, 1854 Ship status = Ship notes =
}}{{ infobox ship characteristics		 Hide header = Header caption = Ship type = Three Masted Ship tons burthen = 598 7/95 Ship length = 132' 10" Ship beam = 31' 7" Ship draught = Ship draft = Ship hold depth = Ship propulsion = Sail Ship sail plan = Square Rigged Ship complement = Ship armament = Ship lost = April 16, 1854
}}

The Powhattan or Powhatan was a United States ship that is best remembered as one of the New Jersey shipwrecks with the greatest loss of life. The number of victims varies, according to sources, between 200 and 365.[1]

The Powhattan was an emigrant ship transport of 598 tons gross. It was registered as a new vessel on February 2, 1837, with W. Graham as owner and D. Griffith as master (captain). The ship was built in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1836–1837 and made several trips across the Atlantic from England, France and the Netherlands to the ports of Baltimore and New York.

About the first of March 1854, the Powhattan sailed from the port of Le Havre, France, destined for New York City.[2] It was carrying more than 200 German emigrants.[3] After encountering a storm off the New Jersey coast it went aground about 5:00 p.m. on April 15, 1854, on the shoals near Harvey Cedars, New Jersey[4] (latitude 39 33 00 North −74 13 00 West [5]), about six miles south of the Harvey Cedars Lifesaving Station.[4] The ship remained afloat until the following day, April 16, 1854, whereupon it broke apart resulting in the deaths of the entire crew and passengers. At the time of the accident, the ship was commanded by Captain James Meyers (or Myers) of Baltimore.[6] The victims washed onto the beach as far south as Atlantic City, where they were buried in three cemeteries. Fifty-four were interred in a mass grave at Smithville Methodist Church and 45 were buried in Absecon. The majority of the bodies, about 140, washed ashore at Peahala on Long Beach Island. These victims were buried in pauper's graves in the Baptist cemetery in nearby Manahawkin. The cemetery now includes "The Unknown from the Sea" monument erected by the State of New Jersey in 1904 honoring all the victims of the Powhattan shipwreck.[7][8] The Powhattan disaster served as an impetus for the purchase of the site for the Absecon Lighthouse later in 1854.[9][10]

Voyages from 1837 to 1854

Departure date Port of departure Arrival date Port of arrival Master Purpose
July 25, 1837 Le Havre, France September 4, 1837 Baltimore? Griffith Transport British and Irish immigrants
Unknown Mobile, Alabama October 13, 1837 Baltimore? Griffith Unknown
Unknown Liverpool, England May 2, 1838 Baltimore Griffith Unknown
UnknownLiverpool, EnglandJune 21, 1846BaltimoreHaydon Irish and British immigrants[11]
UnknownLe Havre, FranceJanuary 1, 1847New OrleansStone207 passengers [12]
Unknown Le Havre, FranceJuly 31, 1847UnknownUnknownUnknown[13]
Unknown Liverpool, England Dec 2nd, 1847 Baltimore ??? Irish immigrants [14]
UnknownLe Havre, FranceMay 5, 1848New YorkUnknownGerman immigrants [15][16]
UnknownLe Havre, FranceApril 2, 1852New YorkUnknownFrench, Swiss [17][18]
Unknown Rotterdam, Netherlands November 29, 1853 New York Myers Dutch and German immigrants [19][20][21]

Sources

  • Great Storms of the Jersey Shore, by Larry Savadove and Margaret Thomas Buchholz, published by Down the Shore, 1993
  • The New York Times April 21, 1854
  • The Baltimore Sun, April 21, 1854, Friday morning edition
  • The Daily Alta California, May 19, 1854 [22]
  • A Heavy Sea Running: The Formation of the U.S. Life-Saving Service, 1846–1878 By Dennis R. Means, Winter 1987, Vol. 19, No. 4 [23]
  • Brigantine Beach, New Jersey website [24]
  • New Jersey Museum of Boating, Inc., Bay Head, New Jersey
  • Maritime Heritage Project www.MaritimeHeritage.org, Post Office Box 2878, Sausalito, California, 94966 [25]
  • Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild
  • Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society, 1884, published January 17, 1884, page 82–83 [26]

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?pg=PA73&lpg=PA73&dq=wreck++manhattan+1854&sig=E6QlucMSMcBJ6VMkY7jozl_5EXE&ei=5GC1SsLGAYiN8AbVgPG5Dg&ct=result&id=-hEWAAAAYAAJ&ots=mNln-hZRXe&output=text|title=The Lure of Long Beach|first=George B.|last=Somerville|date=January 17, 2018|publisher=Long Beach Board of Trade|page=73|access-date=January 17, 2018|via=Google Books}}
2. ^{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1854/04/21/75366688.pdf|publisher=The New Times|date=April 20, 1854|title=The Wrecks At Absecom: Total Loss of the Powhattan}}
3. ^The University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Letters and Science, Max Kade Institute, New Acquisitions, Fall-Winter 2003, Subject Collection, Karl Althoff, "The Shipwreck of the Powhattan: Tragedy for Emigrants from Budenthal in 1854." The Palatine Immigrant, vol. 28, no. 3, June 2003, pp. 26–29. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060901151627/http://mki.wisc.edu/library/newacqs/2003/NewAcqsFall2003.htm]
4. ^1 {{Cite journal|url = https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1987/winter/us-life-saving-service-1.html|title = A Heavy Sea Running: The Formation of the U.S. Life-Saving Service, 1846 - 1878|last = Means|first = Dennis R.|date = Winter 1987|journal = Prologue Magazine|doi = |pmid = |access-date = |volume = 19|issue = 4|publisher = National Archives|year = }}
5. ^Shipwrecks off the New Jersey Coast by Walter and Richard Krotee, Middle Atlantic Underwater Council, Underwater Society of America, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1966 edition
6. ^{{Cite web|title = Jonathan Pitney, M. D.: Fifty years of progress on the coast of New Jersey|url = https://archive.org/details/jonathanpitneymd00brow|website = Internet Archive|access-date = November 23, 2015|last = Brown|first = Allen Henry|publisher = Daily Advertiser Printing House|date = 1886}}
7. ^ 
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerkreuz.com/gen/Powhatan.htm|title=The Powhatan Tragedy|website=www.RogerKreuz.com|access-date=January 17, 2018}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.njlhs.org/njlight/absecon.html|title=New Jersey Lighthouse Society - Absecon Lighthouse|website=www.NJLHS.org|access-date=January 17, 2018}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cyberlights.com/lh/nj/absecon.htm|title=Absecon Lighthouse - Cyberlights Lighthouses|website=www.Cyberlights.com|access-date=January 17, 2018}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://immigrantships.net/v6/1800v6/powhatan18460621.html|title=ISTG Vol 6 - Ship Powhatan|first=Al|last=O'Brien|website=ImmigrantShips.net|access-date=January 17, 2018}}
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.theshipslist.com/1847/NewOrleansShips1847b.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-09-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505062733/http://www.theshipslist.com/1847/NewOrleansShips1847b.htm |archivedate=2009-05-05 |df= }}
13. ^{{cite web |publisher=National Archives |title=Manifest Header Data File, 1834 – ca. 1900: Manifest 46237: Powhattan |work=Data Files Relating to the Immigration of Germans to the United States, created ca. 1977–2002, documenting the period 1850–1897 |url=https://aad.archives.gov/aad/record-detail.jsp?dt=2122&mtch=5&cat=TS20&sc=25490,25491,25492,25493&txt_25491=powhattan&op_25491=0&nfo_25491=V,50,1900&mtch=5&bc=,sl,fd&rpp=10&pg=1&tf=F&rid=28257&rlst=3811,4641,28257,28765,29665 |access-date=November 24, 2015}}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://immigrantships.net/v7/1800v7/powhatan18471202.html |publisher=Immigrant Ships Transcribers Guild |title=Ship Powhatan; Liverpool, England to Baltimore, Maryland; 2 December 1847 |others=Transcribed by Janice Peterson |date=June 6, 2005 |access-date=November 24, 2015}}
15. ^{{cite web |publisher=National Archives |title=Manifest Header Data File, 1834 – ca. 1900: Manifest 46820: Powhattan |work=Data Files Relating to the Immigration of Germans to the United States, created ca. 1977–2002, documenting the period 1850–1897 |url=https://aad.archives.gov/aad/record-detail.jsp?dt=2122&mtch=5&cat=TS20&sc=25490,25491,25492,25493&txt_25491=powhattan&op_25491=0&nfo_25491=V,50,1900&mtch=5&bc=,sl,fd&rpp=10&pg=1&tf=F&rid=28765&rlst=3811,4641,28257,28765,29665 |access-date=November 24, 2015}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.castlegarden.org/search_02.php?row=27&p_first_name=&p_last_name=&co_country=&province=&town=&o_occ=&m_ship=powhattan&po_port=&m_arr_date_end=1855&m_arr_date_start=1830&sort=asc&type=arrived|title=Castle Garden|website=www.CastleGarden.org|access-date=January 17, 2018}}
17. ^{{cite web |publisher=National Archives |title=Manifest Header Data File, 1834 – ca. 1900: Manifest 6848: Powhattan |work=Data Files Relating to the Immigration of Germans to the United States, created ca. 1977–2002, documenting the period 1850–1897 |url=https://aad.archives.gov/aad/record-detail.jsp?dt=2122&mtch=5&cat=TS20&tf=F&sc=25490,25491,25492,25493&bc=,sl,fd&txt_25491=powhattan&op_25491=0&nfo_25491=V,50,1900&rpp=10&pg=1&rid=3811&rlst=3811,4641,28257,28765,29665 |access-date=November 24, 2015}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.castlegarden.org/search_02.php?row=43&p_first_name=&p_last_name=&co_country=&province=&town=&o_occ=&m_ship=powhattan&po_port=&m_arr_date_end=1855&m_arr_date_start=1830&sort=asc&type=arrived|title=Castle Garden|website=www.CastleGarden.org|access-date=January 17, 2018}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://immigrantships.net/v9/1800v9/powhatan18531129.html|title=ISTG Vol 9 - Powhatan|first=Harry|last=Green|website=ImmigrantShips.net|access-date=January 17, 2018}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=https://aad.archives.gov/aad/record-detail.jsp?dt=2122&mtch=5&cat=TS20&sc=25490,25491,25492,25493&txt_25491=powhattan&op_25491=0&nfo_25491=V,50,1900&mtch=5&bc=,sl,fd&rpp=10&pg=1&tf=F&rid=4641&rlst=3811,4641,28257,28765,29665|title=NARA - AAD - Display Full Records - Manifest Header Data File, 1834 - ca. 1900|website=AAD.Archives.gov|access-date=January 17, 2018}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://rogerkreuz.com/gen/20.htm|title=Herman Joseph Meiring|website=RogerKreuz.com|access-date=January 17, 2018}}
22. ^{{cite web |url=http://cbsrfs.ucr.edu/batches/LSTA_20070531.00_beaver/sn84031933/00000000047/1854051901/0544.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-09-09 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720073752/http://cbsrfs.ucr.edu/batches/LSTA_20070531.00_beaver/sn84031933/00000000047/1854051901/0544.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-20 |df= }}
23. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/1987/winter/us-life-saving-service-1.html|title=A Heavy Sea Running|date=August 15, 2016|website=Archives.gov|access-date=January 17, 2018}}
24. ^ 
25. ^ 
26. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yyEUAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA83&lpg=RA1-PA83&dq=Proceedings+of+the+New+Jersey+Historical+Society+powhattan&source=bl&ots=V7PFMOxx7m&sig=ig2t4eEa4S9hv7o-8AUPnDRrHmM&hl=en&ei=hlyoSpLqCo7ANpen5LEP&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2#v=onepage&q=&f=false|title=Proceedings of the New Jersey Historical Society|first=New Jersey Historical|last=Society|date=January 17, 1885|publisher=New Jersey Historical Society|pages=82–83|access-date=January 17, 2018|via=Google Books}}
{{coord missing|Atlantic Ocean}}{{1854 shipwrecks}}

4 : Shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean|Shipwrecks of the New Jersey coast|Maritime incidents in 1854|1837 ships
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