| 词条 | Pozzuolo del Friuli Cavalry Brigade |
| 释义 |
|unit_name= "Pozzuolo del Friuli" Cavalry Brigade |image= CoA mil ITA cav bde Pozzuolo del Friuli.png |image_size = 160px |caption= Coat of Arms Pozzuolo del Friuli Cavalry Brigade |country= Italy |allegiance= Italian Army |type= Brigade |branch= Army |dates= 1835 - present |specialization= Cavalry |command_structure= Friuli Division |size= |current_commander= Brigadier Ugo Cillo, 79th commanding officer |garrison=Gorizia |ceremonial_chief= |nickname= |motto= |colors= orange |march= |mascot= |battles= World War I World War II Bosnia SFOR Kosovo KFOR Afghanistan ISAF Iraq Multinational force in Iraq |notable_commanders= General Emo Capodilista |anniversaries= }} The Pozzuolo del Friuli Cavalry Brigade is an amphibious brigade of the Italian Army, based in the Friuli Venezia Giulia and Veneto regions. The Brigade consists of a command unit, a cavalry regiment, an amphibious infantry regiment, an artillery regiment, an engineer regiment and a logistic regiment. HistoryConstitutionThe origins of the Pozzuolo del Friuli Cavalry Brigade date back to 7 March 1835 when in the Kingdom of Sardinia the Cuirassier regiments "Piemonte Reale" and "Genova", and the Lancer regiment "Aosta" were combined to form the II Cavalry Brigade. On 4 October 1836 the "Genoa" and "Aosta" were replaced by the lancer regiment "Novara". The brigade command did not participate in the First Italian War of Independence in 1848, but its regiments were attached to infantry divisions. After the war the II Cavalry Brigade was disbanded. The brigade was quickly raised again on the eve of the Second Italian War of Independence in 1859. This time the II Cuirassier Brigade consisted of the cuirassier regiments "Savoia Cavalleria" and "Genova Cavalleria". Together with the I Cuirassier Brigade with the regiments "Nizza Cavalleria" and "Piemonte Reale Cavalleria") the brigade formed the army's sole cavalry division. After the war the brigade was garrisoned in Milan with its regiments in Turin and Vigevano near Milan. In 1863 the brigade was once more disbanded. However again on the eve of war, this time the Third Italian War of Independence in 1866, the brigade was once more activated with its cuirassier regiments "Savoia Cavalleria" and "Genova Cavalleria" and formed once again with the I Cuirassier Brigade, with the regiments "Nizza Cavalleria" and "Piemonte Reale Cavalleria") the army's sole cavalry division. After the war the fate of the brigade was in balance once again until the government issued a decree on 4 December 1870 to establish permanent cavalry brigades. World War IAt the outbreak of World War I the brigade consisted of the 4th Cavalry Regiment Genova Cavalleria and the 5th Cavalry Regiment Lancieri di Novara. The brigade was part of the 1st Cavalry Division and based in the region of Friuli. During the war the brigade served on the Italian Front as mounted infantry or line infantry. In 1917 the brigade covered the flight of the remnants of the Italian 3rd Army after the disastrous Battle of Caporetto. With Central Power troops advancing rapidly towards the Venetian Plain the 3rd Army was in danger of being encircled. Therefore, the II Cavalry Brigade under general Emo Capodilista and two battalions of the Bergamo Infantry Brigade (II/25th and III/26th) under colonel Piero Balbi were sent to Pozzuolo del Friuli and ordered to delay the enemy long enough for the 3rd Army to escape across the Tagliamento river.[1][2] The cavalry units arrived in Pozzuolo del Friuli in the late afternoon of 29 October, while the Bergamo's units arrived after a forced march at noon on 30 October 1917. The two commanders decided that one Bergamo battalion would defend Pozzuolo, while the Lancieri di Novara would cover the right and the Genova Cavalleria the left flank of the village. The remaining Bergamo battalion was sent to the north-west to block the road to Codroipo. A roll call on the morning of the 30 October showed that the cavalry brigade was only 968 men strong. All morning patrols of the cavalry regiments had encountered advance parties of the German 117th Infantry Division and by 14h the four Italia battalions were under full attack by three enemy divisions: the Bergamo units were attacked by the German 5th Infantry Division, while the Genova Cavalleria was attacked by the German 117th Infantry and the Austrian-Hungarian 60th Infantry Division. With the Genova Cavalleria under heavy attack the Lancers of the Lancieri di Novara began to harass the left flank of the enemy in repeated cavalry charges. By 17:30 the cavalry brigade had suffered almost 400 dead and the enemy had entered the village of Pozzuolo. Around 18h general Capodilista ordered his troops to disengage and retreat. Colonel Balbi and the Bergamo troops remained in Pozzuolo to cover the retreat. Fifteen minutes later the remnants of the cavalry brigade rode in formation south towards Santa Maria di Sclaunicco. The last unit to leave Pozzuolo was the 4th Squadron of the Genova Cavalleria regiment, which executed a last charge against the enemy to cover the road to Santa Maria di Sclaunicco. By nightfall the brigade had lost 467 of its 968 men, while the Bergamo units were completely destroyed. After the army had retreated behind the Piave river the brigade was brought back to full strength and fought in the final battles of the war on the Italian front: the Battle of the Piave River in June 1918 and the Battle of Vittorio Veneto in October 1918. World War II{{main|2nd Cavalry Division Emanuele Filiberto Testa di Ferro}}In 1926 the brigade was renamed as II Higher Cavalry Command and commanded four Lancer regiments: "Lancieri di Novara", "Lancieri di Aosta", "Lancieri di Milano" and "Lancieri Vittorio Emanuele II". In June 1930 the three Higher Cavalry Commands changed names to Cavalry Brigades. In 1935 the II Cavalry Brigade was motorized and became the II Fast Brigade, which was later changed to II Fast Brigade Emanuele Filiberto Testa di Ferro. On 1 February 1938 the brigade was elevated to division and became the 2nd Cavalry Division Emanuele Filiberto Testa di Ferro. The division participated in the Axis Invasion of Yugoslavia and remained afterwards in occupied Yugoslavia as garrison unit. In May 1942, the division was selected to convert to an armoured division and started converting to the 134 Armoured Division Freccia; however, the conversion was cancelled and it returned to cavalry division format. In December 1942, the division moved to France as part of the Italian occupation forces and was based in Toulon. The division remained in France until the Italian surrender in September 1943, after which it returned to Italy and disbanded within the month. Cold WarOn 1 January 1953 the Italian Army activated in Rome the Pozzuolo del Friuli Armored Division as its third armored division. The division consisted of the 4th Tank Regiment (three battalions with M26 Pershing tanks), 1st Bersaglieri Regiment (three battalions with M3 Half-tracks), the 1st Armored Artillery Regiment (four artillery groups with M7 Priests and one anti-air artillery group), and the I Engineer Battalion. In 1954 the division received the Lancieri di Firenze Armored Cavalry Squadron equipped with M8 Greyhound, which was expanded to full squadrons group by 1956. In 1957 the army decided to concentrate its forces in the North-Eastern region of Friuli near the Yugoslav border. As first step of this realignment on 1 April 1957 a Cavalry Brigade was activated in Gradisca d'Isonzo. The brigade consisted of the armored cavalry regiments Piemonte Cavalleria (2nd), Genova Cavalleria (4th), each with two squadrons groups, the Lancieri di Novara (V) reconnaissance squadrons group, the 8th Self-propelled Field Artillery Regiment, an engineer company, and a signal company. The brigade was part of the V Army Corps, which was tasked with defending North-Eastern Italy against a possible attack by either Yugoslav or Warsaw Pact forces. As next steps the army transferred the 4th Tank Regiment to the Legnano Division on 1 May 1958, and the 1st Bersaglieri Regiment to the Granatieri di Sardegna Division on 1 December 1958. The 1st Armored Artillery Regiment's four groups were transferred to four different artillery regiments and on 31 December 1958 the regiment itself, along with the Lancieri di Firenze Armored Cavalry Squadrons Group and the Pozzuolo del Friuli Armored Division, were disbanded. On 1 January 1959 the Cavalry Brigade in Gradisca d'Isonzo changed its name to Pozzuolo del Friuli Cavalry Brigade and received the colours, symbols and traditions of the dissolved armored division. The brigade was organized as a mechanized brigade with one reconnaissance squadrons group, two mechanized cavalry regiments and a self-propelled artillery regiment. In 1975 the Italian Army undertook a major reform and the Pozzuolo del Friuli was split to raise a second armored cavalry brigade - the Vittorio Veneto Armored Brigade in Villa Opicina. With the reform the Pozzuolo del Friuli lost its independence and entered the Mantova Mechanized Division. On 1 October 1975 the brigade had concluded its conversion to armored brigade and consisted of the following units. {{Location map+ |Italy Friuli-Venezia Giulia| width = 420 | caption = | relief = 1 | places = | label = Pozzuolo del Friuli | position = left | background = white | mark = Orange pog.svg | marksize = 10 | lat_deg = 45 | lat_min = 54 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 13 | lon_min = 18.4 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~|Italy Friuli-Venezia Giulia| label = 7 Milano | position = left | background = | mark = Orange pog.svg | marksize = 8 | lat_deg = 46 | lat_min = 5 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 13 | lon_min = 19 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~|Italy Friuli-Venezia Giulia| label = 5 Novara | position = left | background = | mark = Orange pog.svg | marksize = 8 | lat_deg = 45 | lat_min = 57 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 12 | lon_min = 58 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~|Italy Friuli-Venezia Giulia| label = | position = top | background = white | mark = Orange pog.svg | marksize = 8 | lat_deg = 45 | lat_min = 54.7 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 13 | lon_min = 19 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~|Italy Friuli-Venezia Giulia| label = | position = right | background = white | mark = Orange ff8040 pog.svg | marksize = 8 | lat_deg = 45 | lat_min = 54 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 13 | lon_min = 19.3 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~|Italy Friuli-Venezia Giulia| label = | position = left | background = white | mark = Yellow pog.svg | marksize = 8 | lat_deg = 45 | lat_min = 53.3 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 13 | lon_min = 19 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~|Italy Friuli-Venezia Giulia| label = 4 Genova 28 Treviso 120 Po | position = right | background = white | mark = Clear pog.svg | marksize = 8 | lat_deg = 45 | lat_min = 56.3 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 13 | lon_min = 19 | lon_dir = E }}
In 1986 the Italian Army abolished the divisional level and the Pozzuolo del Friuli came under direct command of the 5th Army Corps. Additionally the brigade received the 7th Reconnaissance Squadrons Group Lancieri di Milano from the disbanded Mantova Division. In 1989 with the end of the Cold War the army began to draw down its forces and the 7th Lancieri di Milano was disbanded on 11 December 1989, followed by the 28th Cavalleggeri di Treviso on 31 March 1991. In 1991 the brigade returned to use the name Pozzuolo del Friuli Cavalry Brigade after it had replaced its Leopard 1A2 tanks and VCC-2 armored personnel carries with wheeled Centauro tank destroyers. During the same year the Italian Army disbanded seven of its combat brigades and numerous smaller units. One of the disbanded brigades was the Vittorio Veneto Armored Brigade and two of its units were returned to the Pozzuolo del Friuli. Furthermore, the remaining battalions, groups and squadrons groups of the army were allowed to return to use their traditional regimental names and therefore the Pozzuolo del Friuli changed its composition radically in 1991. By the end of 1991 the brigade consisted of the following units:
The 28th Tank Squadrons Group Cavalleggeri di Treviso and the 120th Self-propelled Field Artillery Group Po were disbanded. After the Cold WarIn January 1997 the brigade lost the 84th Infantry (Training) Battalion Venezia and on 1 December 2000 the brigade received the Lagunari Regiment Serenissima in Venice from the disbanding Projection Forces Command. On 30 September 2001 the brigade disbanded the 8th Self-propelled Field Artillery Regiment, whose name was given to 11th Self-propelled Field Artillery Regiment Teramo of the Garibaldi Bersaglieri Brigade on 1 October 2001. As replacement the brigade received the 52nd Self-propelled Artillery Regiment Torino, in Vercelli from the disbanding Centauro Armoured Brigade. The same year the brigade was joined by the 3rd Engineer Regiment in Udine. In 2005 the 52nd Self-propelled Artillery Regiment with its heavy tracked M109 howitzers was replaced by the Horse Artillery Regiment Volòire in Milan which fielded lighter FH-70 towed howitzers. 2013 reformIn 2013 the army decided to reduce its strength by two brigades. As part of this reform the Pozzuolo del Friuli was scheduled to disband in fall of 2013 and subsequently two of its cavalry regiments were transferred to other brigades. However the reform was stopped and the disbandment of the brigade never implemented. The changes to the brigade in 2013 were as follows:
Today{{Location map+ | Italy North| width = 420 | caption = | places = | label = Pozzuolo del Friuli | position = left | background = white | mark = Orange pog.svg | marksize = 10 | lat_deg = 45 | lat_min = 57 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 12 | lon_min = 39 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~|Italy North| label = 4 Genova Cavalleria | position = bottom | background = white | mark = Orange pog.svg | marksize = 8 | lat_deg = 45 | lat_min = 54 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 13 | lon_min = 18 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~|Italy North| label = Lagunari Rgt | position = left | background = white | mark = Blue pog.svg | marksize = 8 | lat_deg = 45 | lat_min = 26 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 12 | lon_min = 21 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~|Italy North| label = Artillery Rgt | position = left | background = white | mark = Yellow pog.svg | marksize = 8 | lat_deg = 45 | lat_min = 19 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 08 | lon_min = 25 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~|Italy North| label = 3 Eng. | position = left | background = white | mark = Black pog.svg | marksize = 8 | lat_deg = 46 | lat_min = 04 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 13 | lon_min = 14 | lon_dir = E }} {{Location map~|Italy North| label = Log. Rgt | position = top | background = white | mark = Purple pog.svg | marksize = 8 | lat_deg = 46 | lat_min = 5 | lat_dir = N | lon_deg = 13 | lon_min = 19 | lon_dir = E }} As of February 2017 the brigade is currently structured as follows:
All regiments are battalion sized. EquipmentThe Genova Cavalleria regiment is equipped with Centauro tank destroyers, Puma 4x4 armored fighting vehicles, and Iveco LMV light tactical vehicles. The Lagunari regiment is equipped with AAV7-A1 amphibious assault vehicles and Iveco LMV; the regiment's mortar company is equipped with 120mm mortars, while the anti-tank company fields Spike anti-tank guided missile systems. In the near future the army plans to replace the AAV7-A1 with Iveco SuperAV amphibious personnel carriers. The artillery regiment of the brigade fields 18x FH-70 towed howitzers. References1. ^{{cite web|title=La battaglia di Pozzuolo del Friuli|url=http://www.esercito.difesa.it/en/history/pagine/battaglia-pozzuolo.aspx|website=Italian Army|publisher=Italian Army|accessdate=1 January 2018}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Brigata Bergamo|url=http://www.cimeetrincee.it/bergamo.pdf|website=Italian Army WWI brigade history|publisher=Italian Army|accessdate=1 January 2018}} Sources{{no footnotes|date=May 2016}}
External links
3 : Italian Army Brigades|Brigades of Italy in World War II|Armored brigades of Italy |
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