| 词条 | M197 electric cannon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|name= M197 Gatling gun | image= Gatling gun M197-uh1d20mm.jpg | image_size = 300 |caption= |origin= United States |type= Rotary cannon |is_ranged= yes |service= 1967–present |used_by= United States Marine Corps |wars= |designer= |design_date= |manufacturer= General Dynamics Armament Systems |unit_cost= |production_date= |number= |variants= |spec_label= |weight=132 pounds (60 kg) |length= |part_length= |width= |height= |diameter= |crew= |cartridge= 20 × 102 mm |caliber= 20 mm |barrels= 3-barrel (progressive RH parabolic twist, 9 grooves) |action= |rate= Up to 1500 rpm[1] |velocity= 1,030 m/s (3,300 ft/s) |range= |max_range= |feed= |sights= }} The M197 electric cannon is a 20 mm three-barreled electric Gatling-type rotary cannon used by the United States military. DevelopmentThe M197 electric cannon was developed primarily for use by United States Army helicopter gunships. Development began in 1967 after experience in the Vietnam War revealed the inadequacy of the 7.62 mm Minigun for gunship use. The M197 is essentially a lightened version of the General Electric M61 Vulcan cannon, with three barrels instead of six. Its maximum rate of fire is one quarter that of the Vulcan, largely to limit its recoil for light aircraft and helicopter use. It shares the Vulcan's M50 and PGU series 20 mm ammunition. HistoryThe M197 went into service on later marks of the AH-1 Cobra, using either the M97 or A/A49E-7 armament subsystems, and was also fitted in a ventral turret on the U.S. Marine Corps YOV-10D Bronco NOGS. It is also the basis of the GPU-2/A gun pod, which incorporates the cannon, a battery and electric drive motor, and 300 rounds of linkless ammunition. In the Cobra, the weapon is supplied with a magazine of 700 linked rounds, with a total capacity including feeder system of 750 rounds. It has a cyclic rate of fire of 730+-50 rounds per minute. Standard practice is to fire the cannon in 30- to 50-round bursts. With extended automatic firing from a hover, the recoil is sufficient that the application of forward cyclic to maintain one's position over the ground is inadequate. The M197 remains in use in the latest AH-1W Cobra and AH-1Z Viper gunships. Although the weapon's rotary drive is theoretically quite reliable, its ammunition feed has been anything but: Marine pilots initially reported an alarmingly high jam rate (sometimes greater than 30%).{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} The USMC and the manufacturer are aware of the problem and in 2011 a linkless feed system developed by Meggit Defense Systems was incorporated into the AH-1W and the Zulus.{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} The system is capable of holding 650 +/-3 rounds in the storage unit with approximately 40 rounds in the feed chute. The M197 is also mounted as a chin turret in Italy's Agusta A129 Mangusta CBT helicopter, with a capacity of 500 rounds.[2] The XM301 was an improved M197 intended to be the gun on the later canceled RAH-66 Comanche. The weapon's current contractor is General Dynamics Armament Systems. Iran has claimed downing one Iraqi MiG-21 fighter on 14 February 1986 during Iran–Iraq War using the M197 gun turret installed on its AH-1J Internationals. The cannon was also used during the "dogfights" between the Iranian Ah-1Js and the Iraqi helicopters (usually Mi-24s and Gazelles). {{see also|Iranian aerial victories during the Iran–Iraq war}}Ammunition
See also
References
1. ^http://www.gdatp.com/armament_systems/mbw_M-197.html 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.noblesmfg.com/20mm_ammunition_chute_programs_and_gun_systems.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-10-15 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907174048/http://www.noblesmfg.com/20mm_ammunition_chute_programs_and_gun_systems.html |archivedate=7 September 2008 |df=dmy-all }} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 "20-Millimeter at aircav.com, http://www.aircav.com/cobra/ammo20.html 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 ORDATA: Ordnance Identification Tool, http://maic.jmu.edu/ordata
5 : 20 mm artillery|Aircraft guns|Multi-barrel machine guns|Rotary cannon|United States Marine Corps equipment |
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