| 词条 | M21 Sniper Weapon System |
| 释义 |
|name=Rifle, 7.62 mm, Sniper, M21 |image= Rifle M21 2.jpg |image_size= 300 |caption= M21 sniper rifle |origin= United States |type= Semi-automatic sniper rifle |is_ranged=yes |service= 1969–present |used_by= See Users |wars= Vietnam War Laotian Civil War Cambodian Civil War Sino-Vietnamese War{{cn|date=October 2018}} Cambodian–Vietnamese War{{cn|date=October 2018}} Sino-Vietnamese conflicts{{cn|date=October 2018}} Soviet–Afghan War{{cn|date=October 2018}} 1982 Lebanon War[1] Iraq War (Limited use){{cn|date=October 2018}} |designer= Marines Weapons Command, Combat Development Command, Limited Warfare Agency |design_date= 1969 |manufacturer= Rock Island Arsenal, Springfield Armory |production_date= |number= |variants= M25 |weight= 5.27 kg (11.6 lb) |length= 1118 mm (44 in) |part_length= 560 mm (22 in) |crew= |cartridge=7.62×51mm NATO (7.62×54mmR for Vietnamese and Chinese modified) .30-06 Springfield (rare version, limited use) |caliber= |action=Gas-operated, rotating bolt |rate= |velocity=853 m/s (2,800 ft/s) |range=822 m (900 yd) |max_range= |feed=5-, 10-, or 20-round detachable box magazine |sights= Front: National Match front blade .062 Rear: Match-grade hooded aperture with one-half minute adjustments for both windage and elevation. 26¾ in sight radius. }} The M21 Sniper Weapon System (SWS) is the semi-automatic sniper rifle adaptation of the M14 rifle. It is chambered for the 7.62×51mm NATO cartridge and 7.62×54mmR for Vietnamese and Chinese modified version, as well .30-06 for rare version. OverviewThe United States Army wanted an accurate sniper rifle during the Vietnam War. The M14 was selected because of its accuracy, reliability, and the ability for a quick follow up shot. As a result, in 1969, the Rock Island Arsenal converted 1,435 National Match (target grade) M14s by adding a Redfield ART Adjustable Ranging Telescope 3–9× and providing National Match grade ammunition (7.62 Lake City Long Range XM-118). This version, called the XM21, had a specially selected walnut stock and was first fielded in the second half of 1969. An improved version with a fiberglass stock was designated the M21 in 1975. The M21 remained the Army's primary sniper rifle until 1988, when it was replaced by the M24 Sniper Weapon System; some M21s were later re-issued and used in the Iraq War.[2][3] In standard military use, the M21 uses a 20-round box magazine as the other members of the M14 family and weighs 11 pounds (5.27 kg) without the scope. The U.S. military never officially authorized or purchased magazines in any other capacity, although 5- and 10-round magazines are available. The M21 was criticized for reliability problems, with an internal Fort Benning publication in 1989 warning that "The M21...cannot be maintained under field conditions, and its inflexible design makes it highly susceptible to malfunctions." [4] ServiceThe XM21 Sniper Weapon System was used by the U.S. Army in the Vietnam War, and the M21 saw limited action in military conflicts and operations in the late 1960s until the late 1980s. It was used by the U.S. Army Rangers during the Invasion of Grenada in 1983. There are limited numbers in some Army National Guard units and in a few specialized active units such as the OPFOR units of the Joint Readiness Training Center. The XM21 served from 1969 to 1975, and the M21 officially served as the main Army sniper rifle from 1975 to 1988 until the introduction of the M24, which had supplanted the M21 in Ranger Battalions by 1990. However, many M14 and M21 variants came back into favor in the Iraq and Afghan wars in the 2000s.[3][5] CommercialSpringfield Armory, Inc. also manufactures variants of its M1A rifle called M21 Tactical Rifle and M25 White Feather Tactical/Carlos Hathcock rifle, which are based upon M21 and M25 Sniper Weapon Systems but are slightly different;[6] most notably they are fitted with a Picatinny rail to mount a scope and a Krieger barrel.[7]Users
See also
References1. ^1 {{cite book|title=Armies in Lebanon 1982–84|series=Men-at-Arms 165|first1=Sam|last1= Katz|first2= Lee E|last2= Russell|date=25 Jul 1985|isbn=9780850456028|publisher=Osprey Publishing|page=9}} 2. ^http://world.guns.ru/sniper/sniper-rifles/usa/m21-e.html 3. ^1 {{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = U.S. Army M21 & XM21 Sniper Weapon System | work = | publisher = Sniper Central | date = | url = http://www.snipercentral.com/m21.htm | doi = | accessdate = }} 4. ^{{Cite news|title=Infantry News|date=March-April 1989|url=https://www.benning.army.mil/infantry/magazine/issues/1989/MAR-APR/pdfs/MAR-APR1989.pdf|volume=79|publisher=US Army Infantry School|page=5}} 5. ^M21 Sniper Rifle {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014153812/http://www.armyranger.com/index.php/history/weapons/rifles/m21-sniper-weapon |date=2013-10-14 }} - ArmyRanger.com 6. ^{{cite encyclopedia|title=Springfield Armory M21 tactical rifle|encyclopedia=Jane's Infantry Weapons 2002-2003|url=https://archive.org/details/Janes_Infantry_Weapons/page/n5088|pages=5087–5088|date=5 November 2001|first1=Terry J.|last1=Gander|first2=Charles Q.|last2=Cutshaw}} 7. ^Springfield Armory, Inc.'s official pages of the M21 Tactical Rifle and M25 White Feather Tactical/Carlos Hathcock model 8. ^{{cite magazine|title=Infantry Weapons of the Salvadoran Forces|magazine=Small Arms Review |volume=|issue=8 |date=May 2000|first=Julio A. |last=Montes|url=http://www.smallarmsreview.com/display.article.cfm?idarticles=3006}} 9. ^{{cite book|title=The World's Assault Rifles|first1=Gary Paul |last1=Johnston|first2=Thomas B.|last2= Nelson|isbn=978-0935554007|publisher= Ironside Intl Pub|edition=2|date=April 2010|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=z3O6DQAAQBAJ&pg=PT2374#v=onepage&q&f=false|page=2374}} External links{{Commons|M21}}
3 : 7.62×51mm NATO semi-automatic rifles|Rifles of the United States|Sniper rifles |
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