“M27 motorway”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The M27 is a motorway in Hampshire, England. It is {{convert|25|mi|km}} long and runs between Cadnam and Portsmouth. It was opened in stages between 1975 and 1983. It is unfinished, as an extension to the east was planned.^[1] A number of smaller motorways were proposed, connecting the city centres of Southampton and Portsmouth to the motorway;^[2] of these only the M271 and M275 were built. Three sections of the M27 have since been widened to four lanes each way, the first between Junctions 7 and 8, the second between Junctions 3 and 4, and the third begins at the slip road where Junction 11 joins until mid-way to junction 12.

Route

Running approximately parallel both to the coast of the Solent and to the A27, the M27 starts as an eastwards continuation of the A31 from Bournemouth and Poole, meets the A36 from Salisbury, crosses the Wessex Main Line railway, and then meets the M271 to central Southampton. After the M271, the road becomes a dual four lane motorway and passes Rownhams services, it then meets the M3, (two lanes going off, two lanes continuing to the other side of the junction) reverting to a dual three lane motorway as it passes to the north of Southampton, passes Southampton Airport, meeting Junction 7 and becoming dual four lanes again, then becoming dual three lanes after Junction 8, it then runs alongside the West Coastway Line as it heads south-east towards Fareham. It then runs alongside the northern outskirts of Fareham, briefly with a fourth climbing lane in either direction, before its junction with the M275 to Portsmouth. Very shortly after this point the motorway ends, becoming the A27, a four lane dual carriageway almost to motorway standards until the junction with the A3 (M) Motorway. The official reason for this section of road not being a continuation of the motorway is the hard shoulders being too narrow. Although the M275 which the M27 junctions with, has no official hard shoulders throughout its entire length.

History

Opening dates

The M27 was opened in stages (in common with many UK motorways) between 1975 and 1983.^[3]

The South Stoneham Crematorium, which was located north of South Stoneham Cemetery, was demolished during 1973 to make way for the construction of the M27 motorway. The South Stoneham garden of remembrance is now located at the north end of the cemetery, adjacent to the motorway.^[4]

Unfulfilled plans

It has been said that the M27 was intended as a motorway connecting south coast towns from Penzance to Ramsgate.^[5] However the only proposal of a route similar to that was by the Institution of Highway Engineers in 1936.^[1]^[6]^[7]

Road developments in the New Forest are also restricted due to its national park status.

The M27 was meant to be extended to Chichester; a sign of this is the width of the A27 road between Junction 12 and the junction with the A3(M), which has 3-or-4 lanes, a hard shoulder and grade-separated junctions. It is not part of the M27 as its hard shoulders are not quite wide enough to comply with motorway regulations.^[1]^[8]

The M272 was meant to go from Junction 5 through Portswood to the centre of Southampton. The M272 was instead built (in much-reduced form) as the A335 Thomas Lewis Way.

Junction 6 was never built – there were plans for a motorway spur (probably to be numbered M273) connecting the M27 to the centre of the Townhill Park area of Southampton.^[2]

A planned service area just east of Junction 9 was never constructed. The long westbound exit slip road at Junction 9 was designed to allow an entry to and exit from the service area.^[9]

2015 suicide incident

In November 2015, an elderly woman, Marion Munns, died after jumping from the A3057 bridge that crosses over the M27, into westbound traffic, just before Junction 3. She had become distressed due to mental illness, and escaped from her Southampton home through an upstairs window before climbing off the garage roof and running away.^[10]

Smart Motorway Upgrade

In March 2018, work began to upgrade the section between Junction 11 and Junction 4 to a Smart motorway. The scheme will turn the hard shoulder into a permanent 4th running lane, adding refuge areas along the route and installing new CCTV and speed cameras with mandatory variable speed limit signs.

In early January 2019, official work began when average speed cameras were switched on between J5 and J4. Average cameras further along on the scheme will be turned on as work continues along the route. The work is expected to be complete by 2021.^[11]

Junctions

Data from driver location signs are used to provide distance and carriageway identifier information.^[12] Where a junction spans several hundred metres (yards) and start and end points are available, both are cited.

Nearby attractions

Junction 1 is about {{convert|1800|m|yd}} ({{convert|2400|m|yd}} by road) from The Rufus Stone, where King William II, also known as William Rufus, was killed in what may have been a hunting accident in 1100.^[13]

See also

References

1. ^¹²{{cite web |url=http://www.pathetic.org.uk/unfinished/m27/|publisher=Pathetic Motorways |title=M27 Portsmouth-Chichester }}
2. ^¹{{cite web |url=http://chris-roads.fotopic.net/p8364519.html |title=Overall plans for the city |accessdate=27 January 2007 }}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iht.org/motorway/m27scmstat.htm |publisher=The Motorway Archive Trust |title=M27 – The South Coast Motorway and A3(M) Statistics and options |accessdate=27 January 2007 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311002951/http://www.iht.org/motorway/m27scmstat.htm |archivedate=11 March 2007 |df= }}
4. ^{{cite web|title=South Stoneham Cemetery |url=http://www.southampton.gov.uk/living/cremburial/sotoncemetries/Southstone.aspx |publisher=Southampton City Council |date=13 November 2009 |accessdate=16 November 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100516051833/http://www.southampton.gov.uk/living/cremburial/sotoncemetries/Southstone.aspx |archivedate=16 May 2010 |df= }}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cbrd.co.uk/motorway/m27/|title=CBRD Motorway Database – M27|last=Marshall|first=Chris|first2=Nigel |last2=Le Poidevin |first3=Dave |last3=McGuire |first4=James |last4=Denson|author5=Steve |author6=Clive |accessdate=30 September 2008}}
6. ^{{cite book|title=The post war development of highways|publisher=Institution of Highway Engineers|year=1943|chapter=Appendix A}}
7. ^{{cite book|last=Charlesworth|first=George|title=A history of British Motorways|publisher=Thomas Telford Ltd|location=London EC1|year=1984|chapter=2|isbn=978-0-7277-0159-6}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iht.org/motorway/m27scoastm.htm |title=M27 – The South Coast Motorway, M271, M275 and A3(M) |publisher= |accessdate=25 January 2007 |quote=The land acquired for this stretch of the motorway was not quite wide enough – by less than a foot – and the Chief Highway Engineer of the day, quite rightly if a little pedantically, ruled that it didn’t conform to motorway standards and must therefore be an all-purpose trunk road. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070102215025/http://www.iht.org/motorway/m27scoastm.htm |archivedate=2 January 2007 |df= }}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://motorwayservicesonline.co.uk/unbuilt/meon/|title = Meon Valley|publisher = Motorway services online|accessdate=28 October 2009}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/10/24/nhs-care-workers-did-not-aid-patient-in-crisis-as-staff-about-to/|title=NHS care workers did not aid patient in crisis 'as staff about to go home'|first=Telegraph|last=Reporters|date=24 October 2016|publisher=|via=www.telegraph.co.uk}}
11. ^https://highwaysengland.co.uk/projects/m27-junctions-4-to-11-smart-motorway/
12. ^Area 3 Driver Location Signs (map) – Highway Authority, 2009
13. ^As measured on Google Maps

External links

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