| 词条 | Pre-Pottery Neolithic |
| 释义 |
Infobox archaeological culture |name = Pre-Pottery Neolithic |map = Map of fertile crescent.svg |mapalt = |altnames = |horizon = |region = Fertile Crescent |period = Neolithic |dates = circa 8,500 B.C.E. — circa 5,500 B.C.E. |typesite = Jericho |majorsites = |extra = |precededby = Natufian culture |followedby = Halaf culture, Neolithic Greece, Faiyum A culture }}{{Neolithic}} The Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN, around 8500-5500 BCE)[2] represents the early Neolithic in the Levantine and upper Mesopotamian region of the Fertile Crescent. It succeeds the Natufian culture of the Epipaleolithic (Mesolithic), as the domestication of plants and animals was in its formative stages, having possibly been induced by the Younger Dryas. The Pre-Pottery Neolithic culture came to an end around the time of the 8.2 kiloyear event, a cool spell centred on 6200 BCE that lasted several hundred years. Pre-Pottery Neolithic A{{Main|Pre-Pottery Neolithic A}}The Pre-Pottery Neolithic is divided into Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA 8500 BCE – 7600 BCE) and the following Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB 7600 BCE – 6000 BCE).[2] These were originally defined by Kathleen Kenyon in the type site of Jericho (Palestine). The Pre-Pottery Neolithic precedes the ceramic Neolithic (Yarmukian). At 'Ain Ghazal in Jordan the culture continued a few more centuries as the so-called Pre-Pottery Neolithic C culture. Around 8000 BCE during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) the world's first town Jericho appeared in the Levant. Pre-Pottery Neolithic B{{Main|Pre-Pottery Neolithic B}}PPNB differed from PPNA in showing greater use of domesticated animals, a different set of tools, and new architectural styles. Pre-Pottery Neolithic CWork at the site of 'Ain Ghazal in Jordan has indicated a later Pre-Pottery Neolithic C period. Juris Zarins has proposed that a Circum Arabian Nomadic Pastoral Complex developed in the period from the climatic crisis of 6200 BCE, partly as a result of an increasing emphasis in PPNB cultures upon domesticated animals, and a fusion with Harifian hunter gatherers in the Southern Levant, with affiliate connections with the cultures of Fayyum and the Eastern Desert of Egypt. Cultures practicing this lifestyle spread down the Red Sea shoreline and moved east from Syria into southern Iraq.[3] See also
References1. ^{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1126/science.1078208 | last1 = Diamond | first1 = J. | last2 = Bellwood | first2 = P. | title = Farmers and Their Languages: The First Expansions | journal = Science | volume = 300 | issue = 5619 | pages = 597–603 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12714734|bibcode = 2003Sci...300..597D | citeseerx = 10.1.1.1013.4523 }} 2. ^1 Richard, Suzanne Near Eastern archaeology Eisenbrauns; illustrated edition (1 Aug 2004) {{ISBN|978-1-57506-083-5}} p.244 [https://books.google.com/books?id=khR0apPid8gC&pg=PA244&dq=%22pre+pottery+neolithic+C%22&as_brr=3&ei=CE-CSsWOMInOzQSZh93OCg#v=onepage&q=%22pre%20pottery%20neolithic%20C%22&f=false] 3. ^Zarins, Juris (1992) "Pastoral Nomadism in Arabia: Ethnoarchaeology and the Archaeological Record," in Ofer Bar-Yosef and A. Khazanov, eds. "Pastoralism in the Levant" Further reading
2 : Neolithic cultures of Asia|Archaeological cultures of the Near East |
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