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词条 M4 motorway
释义

  1. History

     After completion  Timeline of construction   Maintenance  

  2. Features

     Speed limits   Smart motorway   Brynglas tunnels  Bus lane  Porous road surface  Elevated and heated section  Four level stack interchanges  Notable junctions  E30 

  3. Future plans

     Junction 15a  Junction 31  Relief road  Junctions 40 and 41 

  4. List of junctions

  5. Incidents and accidents

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. Further reading

  9. External links

{{short description|motorway in the United Kingdom}}{{Other uses2|M4 motorway}}{{Use British English|date=May 2013}}{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2016}}{{infobox road
| country=GBR
| type=M
| route=4
| maint =
Highways England
South Wales Trunk Road Agent
| map= M4 motorway (Great Britain) map.svg
| photo= New Severn Bridge - panoramio.jpg
| photo_notes= Prince of Wales Bridge looking towards Wales
| length_mi=189
| length_ref=
| established= 1963
| history=Opened: 1959 (Chiswick Flyover), 1961 (as A4(M)), 1963, 1966 (as A48(M))
Completed: 1996
| direction_a= East
| terminus_a= Chiswick
{{coord|51.4897|-0.2781|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline|name=M4 motorway (eastern end)}}
| terminus_b= Pont Abraham
{{coord|51.7451|-4.0651|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline|name=M4 motorway (western end)}}
| counties= Greater London, Berkshire, Wiltshire, Gloucestershire, Monmouthshire, Newport, Cardiff, Vale of Glamorgan, Rhondda Cynon Taf, Bridgend, Neath Port Talbot, Swansea, Carmarthenshire
| destinations=
London
London Heathrow Airport
Slough
Maidenhead
Reading
Newbury
Swindon
Bristol
Newport
Cardiff
Bridgend
Port Talbot
Neath
Swansea
| e-road= {{BAB-E|30}}
| junction=
J4b → M25 motorway
/
J8/9 → A308(M) motorway/A404(M) motorway

J10 → A329(M) motorway

J19 → M32 motorway

J20 → M5 motorway

J21 → M48 motorway

J22 → M49 motorway

J23 → M48 motorway

J29 → A48(M) motorway
| previous_type = M
| next_type = M
| previous_route = 3
| next_route = 5
| previous_dab = Great Britain
}}

The M4, a motorway in the United Kingdom running from west London to southwest Wales, was originally referred to as the London-South Wales Motorway. The English section to the Severn Bridge was constructed between 1961 and 1971; the Welsh element was completed in 1993. The Second Severn Crossing officially renamed the Prince of Wales Bridge, was inaugurated on 5 June 1996 by HRH The Prince of Wales and the M4 was rerouted. Apart from its two spurs{{mdash}}the A48(M) and the M48{{mdash}}the M4 is the only motorway in Wales.

The line of the motorway from London to Bristol runs closely in parallel with the A4. After crossing the River Severn, toll-free since 17 December 2018, the motorway follows the A48, to terminate at the Pont Abraham services in Carmarthenshire.

The major towns and cities along the route{{mdash}}a distance of approximately {{convert|189|mi|km|0}}{{mdash}}include Slough, Reading, Swindon, Bristol, Newport, Cardiff, Bridgend, Port Talbot and Swansea.

History

A new road from London to South Wales was first proposed in the 1930s. In 1956, the Ministry of Transport announced plans for the first major post-war road improvement projects.[1]

The Chiswick flyover, a short section of elevated dual-carriageway, not originally classed as a motorway, opened in 1959 to reduce the impact of traffic travelling between central London and the west.[2][3]

The Maidenhead bypass opened in 1961 whilst J1-J5 opened in 1965. The stretch from J18 to the west of Newport was opened in 1966, including the Severn Bridge (now part of the M48). The Port Talbot by-pass, also built in the 1960s and now part of the M4, was originally the A48(M) motorway, a number now allocated to a short section of motorway near Cardiff. The Ministry of Transport originally intended that the M4 would terminate at Tredegar Park west of Newport, and following the creation of the Welsh Office that the Government became committed to a high-standard dual carriageway to Carmarthenshire.[4]

The English section of the motorway was completed on 22 December 1971 when the {{convert|50|mi|km|adj=on}} stretch between junctions 9 and 15 (Maidenhead and Swindon) was opened to traffic.[5] The Welsh section was completed in 1993, when the Briton Ferry motorway bridge opened. The Second Severn Crossing opened in 1996, together with new link motorways on either side of the estuary to divert the M4 over the new crossing. The existing route over the Severn Bridge was redesignated the M48, and the new M49 was opened to connect the new crossing to the M5.[6]

After completion

In April 2005, speed checks carried out by police camera vans between junction 14 and junction 18 led to a public protest, involving a "go-slow" of several hundred vehicles along the affected sections of the motorway.[7]

Between 2007 and January 2010, the section from Castleton (junction 29) to Coryton (junction 32) was widened to six lanes.[8] The scheme was formally opened on 25 January 2010 by Ieuan Wyn Jones the Deputy First Minister for Wales.

During 2009, the Newport section of the motorway between junctions 23a and 29 was upgraded with a new concrete central barrier. In February 2010 it was proposed that the M4 in South Wales would become the first hydrogen highway with hydrogen stations provided along the route, with an aspiration for further stations to be provided along the M4 into South West England over time.[9][10]

Between 2008 and 2010, junction 11 was extensively remodelled with a new four-lane junction, two new road bridges and other works.[11] The £65m scheme included work on the Mereoak roundabout and part of the A33 Swallowfield Bypass near Shinfield, and also the conversion of the two existing bridges, one of which is available only to pedestrians and cyclists and the other to buses.[12] It also involved the movement of the local Highways Agency and Fire Service offices, and the construction of a long footbridge network, a new bus-lane and a new gyratory. Sound barriers for nearby residential areas were also installed.[13] In April 2008, the decision to preserve a rare Vickers machine gun pillbox and turn it into a bat roost was announced by the developers.[14]

The M4 crosses the River Severn on the Second Severn Crossing,[15] toll free from 17 December 2018.[16]

Timeline of construction

[17][18][19][20][21][22]
Year opened1961196319651966196719711972197719801994
Section(s)J7–9J5–7J1–5J18–23
J39–41		J22–28J9–18J44–46J28–29
J32–35
J37–39
J46–49		J29–32
J35–37		J41–44

Maintenance

Maintenance of the {{convert|123|mi}} section of the motorway in England is the responsibility of the Highways Agency.[24] The {{convert|76|mi}} section in Wales is the responsibility of the Welsh Government.[25]

Features

Speed limits

For the majority of its length, the national speed limit applies. Exceptions include the following:

  • {{convert|40|mph|km/h}} on the Chiswick Flyover within London in both directions.
  • {{convert|60|mph|km/h}} between junction 4 and the Chiswick Flyover eastbound only.
  • {{convert|50|mph|km/h}} when approaching the toll plaza after the Severn Crossing.[26]
  • {{convert|50|mph|km/h}} on the Port Talbot elevated section between junction 40 and junction 41. The fixed speed camera was removed in 2006 as it was believed to be causing tailbacks. In July 2014, an average speed camera system was installed; it generates around £500,000 in fines each six months.[27][28]

Smart motorway

The M4 has two sections of smart motorway. The one between junctions 19 (M32) and 20 (M5) north of Bristol has variable speed limits and a part-time hard-shoulder. Completion was in summer 2014. The section between junctions 24 and 29 in Newport has variable speed limits.[29]

In 2010 it was announced that a smart motorway would be constructed between junctions 3 and 12, with work starting in Autumn 2018. This will be the longest smart motorway scheme in the United Kingdom, with a length of 51km (32 miles). Work is expected to be completed in March 2022 at a cost of £848 million.[30][31]

Brynglas tunnels

The Brynglas Tunnels carry the M4 under Brynglas Hill in Newport, Wales. The 404 yards-long tunnels are the first and only twin–bored tunnels in the UK motorway network.

In July 2011, a lorry fire in one tunnel closed the motorway. Although there were no injuries and no deaths, the tunnel remained closed and a contraflow system was in place in the remaining tunnel for about one month, causing major travel delays.[32][33][34]

Bus lane

In June 1999, the M4 bus lane was created on the third lane between junctions 2 and 3{{mdash}}initially, a pilot scheme{{mdash}}permanently in 2001. A lower speed limit was introduced along the section at the same time.[35] The {{convert|3+1/2|mi|adj=on}} bus lane was on the eastbound carriageway; from the western end of the Chiswick Flyover near Brentford to junction 3 (A312) covering part of the {{convert|15|mi|adj=on}} journey between Heathrow Airport and central London. The lane which had no intermediate exits was for use by buses, coaches, motorcycles, emergency vehicles and licensed taxis but not mini-cabs.[36]

The bus lane was used by 7% of vehicles which carried 21% of the people. At the end of 2010, the M4 was restored to normal motorway use for 18 months.[37][38]

The bus lane was maintained temporarily just for the 2012 Summer Olympics.[39]

Porous road surface

Near Junction 35 of the M4, there is a stretch of the motorway that has a surfacing of porous asphalt that improves drainage and reduces noise. When driving in heavy rain drivers notice a reduction in road spray from other vehicles and improved visibility. This special surface was publicised in an episode of the BBC's Tomorrow's World programme. This was the site of the first trial of the new road surface when it was laid down in 1993.[40]

Elevated and heated section

The elevated section of the M4 in West London, built in the 1960s, is mostly directly above the A4 and extends over parts of Brentford's Golden Mile. This section was designed to have a heated road surface to reduce icing in winter.[41][42]

Four level stack interchanges

The M4 has two of the three four-level stack interchanges in the UK, including the first UK example at junction 20, the "Almondsbury Interchange" with the M5. The other is junction 4b with the M25. Junction 4b has to make provision for the railway line passing beneath the M4. Due to the nature of these junctions, one cannot make a u-turn at either of them.

Notable junctions

Junction 8/9 near Maidenhead, Berkshire, and High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire is the only one in the UK with dual numbers. This arose at the time when the M4 turned north near junction 8, where it met the A308, and headed for the original junction 9, where the motorway ended at a roundabout interchange with the A4. When the westward extension was opened, junction 8 was closed and a new junction built a little to the west, taking both numbers. The road to the A4 became A423(M) and later A404(M), and the junction with the A4 became 9B. Junction 9A is the exit for Cox Green and White Waltham. To the west of junction 13 on the eastbound carriageway there are a set of sliproads signposted "Works Unit Only". The signs have red borders, implying a military exit. It is a back entrance to RAF Welford, a Second World War airfield and now an RAF/USAF military installation mainly used for storing munitions. The M4 entrance allows easier access for the large vehicles used to carry the munitions.[43]

In South Wales, the M4 has to thread its way through mountainous terrain and built-up areas, so there are some unusual junction layouts. Junction 27 (High Cross) is a normal grade-separated roundabout junction, but has severe space constraints: traffic joining the motorway must initially travel in the opposite direction to the intended direction of travel, before making a sharp left-hand turn from the slip road onto the motorway. At the time of construction, junction numbers 30 and 31 were reserved for future intermediate interchanges. Junction 30 (Cardiff Gate) has since been added, but there are no current plans to construct Junction 31 (A469 road). Junction 39 can only be used to access the motorway from a single slip road onto the westbound carriageway from the A48 at junction 38. There is no exit from the motorway at this junction.[44]

Junction 41 comprises two different junctions; one for local traffic to and from the west and one from the east. The former leads to and from a spur leading to the roundabout in Briton Ferry, formerly known as junction 41a, and the original bridge over the River Neath, which would allow access onto the stretch of the M4 from junction 43 westward. The second, eastern junction leads to and from the A48 towards Port Talbot. As a result, one can travel for almost {{convert|2|mi}} on the motorway in either direction, both joining and then leaving the motorway at junction 41. Junction 44 is unusual in that the eastbound entrance dives under the inside of the junction, effectively a creating a "right-turn" on a roundabout. Similarly, slip roads pass under or over the main motorway at junctions 41 and 42.[45]

E30

Although not signed, European route E30 includes most of the M4.

Future plans

Junction 15a

Junction 15a is being considered{{When|date=November 2018}} by Wiltshire Council, which would give access to south and central Swindon as well as to Wroughton, Marlborough and Devizes via the existing A4361.{{Citation needed|date=November 2018}}

Junction 31

Plans for the "missing" Junction 31, also known as the Thornhill interchange, for which planning permission was originally granted in September 1991 (but subsequently expired), were rekindled after proposals for a new business park on a {{convert|125|acre|ha|0}} site north of the M4 were submitted in 2007 to Cardiff Council.[46] The developers of the business park, St Modwen Developments, would likely fund the new junction, which would be on the A469.[47]

A freedom of information request in 2010 to Cardiff Council shows that whilst the land that would enable this junction should continue to be strategically protected, the decision to formally abandon the proposed Junction 31 Thornhill was made in October 2007 and there had been no subsequent mention of it in Cardiff Council

Strategic or Planning meetings since.[48]

Relief road

{{main|M4 relief road}}

In 1991, plans for a proposed motorway south of Newport were announced by the Welsh Office. The Welsh Assembly Government revived the scheme as a tolled bypass in 2007 and later abandoned it for financial reasons.[49] An extension to the Newport Southern Distributor Road through the old Corus steel works was considered. This road is already a dual carriageway but not open to the public. A public consultation exercise on options for improving the capacity of the M4 corridor around Newport opened on 5 March 2012. Its website states that:[50] "the motorway around Newport does not conform to today’s motorway standards. It lacks continuous hard shoulders, has closely spaced junctions with sub-standard slip road visibility and narrows to a restricted two lane section through the Brynglas Tunnels. Heavy congestion occurs along this stretch and either side of it at peak hours."[51]

Junctions 40 and 41

There have been calls to close the slip roads at junctions 40 and 41 in Port Talbot to improve traffic flow. The motorway has only two lanes on this stretch and is a major traffic congestion blackspot. The short slip roads have not been modernised.[52] A small-scale trial of closing the westbound on-slip of junction 41 between 7 am and 9 am and from 4 pm to 6 pm on weekdays started on 4 August 2014[53][54] but following heavy criticism from local businesses and residents,[55] was stopped on 29 May 2015.[56][57]

List of junctions

{{jctbtm|keys=incomplete,toll}}
Coordinate list
1. ^{{cite web|title=The M4 London to South Wales Motorway. Holyport to Tormarton|url= http://motorwayarchive.ihtservices.co.uk/en/motorways/motorway-listing/m4/m4-maidenhead-to-wickham-j8-to-j14/m4-london-to-south-wales-motorway-holyport-j89-to-tormarton-j18/index.cfm |publisher=The Motorway Archive Trust|accessdate=3 October 2010}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/lifestyle/article-23751213-the-sweet-little-chiswick-flyover-hits-50.do |title=The 'sweet little Chiswick Flyover' hits 50 |first=Nick |last=Curtis |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=1 October 2009 |publisher=This Is London |accessdate=3 March 2012 |quote=The showbiz opening on 30 September 1959 was therefore a shrewd publicity stunt by Alderton's managing director, J E Dayton. It worked. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110321084329/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/lifestyle/article-23751213-the-sweet-little-chiswick-flyover-hits-50.do |archivedate=21 March 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ciht.org.uk/motorway/stats.htm |title=THE OLDEST MOTORWAY |first= |last= |author= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |month= |year= |work= |publisher=The Motorway Archive Trust |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122131318/http://www.ciht.org.uk/motorway/stats.htm |archivedate=22 January 2010 |accessdate=3 March 2012 |quote= |ref= |separator= |postscript= |deadurl=yes |df= }}
4. ^{{cite web|title=The M4 in Wales|url=http://www.motorwayarchive.ihtservices.co.uk/m4wales.htm|publisher=The Motorway Archive Trust|accessdate=1 October 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122052452/http://www.motorwayarchive.ihtservices.co.uk/m4wales.htm|archivedate=22 January 2011|df=dmy-all}}
5. ^{{cite journal | authorlink = Tony Kyd (Charles Bulmer -Ed) |title = On the road| journal =The Motor| volume = nbr 3625| page = Page 30| date = 23 December 1971}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.iht.org/motorway/m4sscscheme.htm |title=The Motorway Archive: M4 Second Severn Crossing |publisher=Iht.org |date=28 April 1992 |accessdate=31 December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207181941/http://www.iht.org/motorway/m4sscscheme.htm |archivedate= 7 February 2012 |df= }}
7. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/wiltshire/4498551.stm|publisher=BBC News|title=Drivers hold M4 speed camera demo|date=30 April 2005}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.m4widening29to32.com/overview.htm |title=: : M4 Motorway Widening : : |publisher=web.archive.org |accessdate=20 November 2010 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080115074004/http://www.m4widening29to32.com/overview.htm |archivedate = 15 January 2008}}
9. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/8511319.stm|title=M4 in Wales to be 'hydrogen highway,' ministers to say|work=BBC News|date=12 February 2010|accessdate=12 February 2010}}
10. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/north_east/8245093.stm|title='Hydrogen highway' plans backed|work=BBC News|date=8 September 2009|accessdate=12 February 2010|first=Douglas|last=Fraser}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/projects/19089.aspx|title=M4 Junction 11 Improvement Scheme|publisher=Highways Agency|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090626122652/http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/projects/19089.aspx|archivedate=26 June 2009|df=dmy-all}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.reading.gov.uk/ltp/General.asp?id=SX9452-A7832CD2|title=M4 Junction 11 Improvements|publisher=Reading Borough Council|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100713000524/http://www.reading.gov.uk/ltp/General.asp?id=SX9452-A7832CD2|archivedate=13 July 2010|df=dmy-all}}
13. ^{{cite news|url=http://icberkshire.icnetwork.co.uk/chronicle/headlines/tm_headline=reading-is-the-fastest-growing-economic-centre-in-uk&method=full&objectid=19433560&siteid=50102-name_page.html|publisher=Reading Chronicle|title=Reading is the fastest-growing economic centre in UK|date=10 July 2007}}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.pillbox-study-group.org.uk/m4vmgpillboxpage.htm |title=M4 VICKERS MACHINE GUN PILLBOX, PILLBOX STUDY GROUP |publisher=Pillbox-study-group.org.uk |date=11 April 2008 |accessdate=31 December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20120908073038/http://www.pillbox-study-group.org.uk/m4vmgpillboxpage.htm |archivedate=8 September 2012 |df=dmy-all }}
15. ^https://www.severnbridge.co.uk/Home.aspx?.Parent=&FileName=toll-price12
16. ^https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-45467656
17. ^{{cite web|title = Dates:M4. Chiswick to Slough By-pass (J1 to J5) |url = http://motorwayarchive.ihtservices.co.uk/en/motorways/motorway-listing/m4/m4-chiswick-to-slough-bypass-j1-to-j5/dates.cfm|accessdate = 13 March 2013 |publisher = The Motorway Archive Trust}}
18. ^{{cite web|title = Dates:M4 Slough-Maidenhead By-pass (Junctions 5 to 7) Statistics and options |url = http://motorwayarchive.ihtservices.co.uk/en/motorways/motorway-listing/m4/m4-sloughmaidenhead-bypass-junctions-5-to-7/dates.cfm |accessdate = 13 March 2013 |publisher = The Motorway Archive Trust}}
19. ^{{cite web|title = Dates:M4. Maidenhead to Wickham (J8 to J14) Statistics and options |url = http://motorwayarchive.ihtservices.co.uk/en/motorways/motorway-listing/m4/m4-maidenhead-to-wickham-j8-to-j14/dates.cfm |accessdate = 13 March 2013 |publisher = The Motorway Archive Trust}}
20. ^{{cite web|title = Dates:The Aust (J21) to Wickham (J14) section of M4 Statistics and options |url = http://motorwayarchive.ihtservices.co.uk/en/motorways/motorway-listing/m4/the-aust-j21-to-wickham-j14-section-of-m4/dates.cfm |accessdate = 13 March 2013 |publisher = The Motorway Archive Trust}}
21. ^{{cite web |title = Dates:M4 in Wales Statistics and options |url = http://motorwayarchive.ihtservices.co.uk/en/motorways/motorway-listing/m4/m4-wales/dates.cfm |accessdate = 13 March 2013 |publisher = The Motorway Archive Trust}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.severnbridge.co.uk/history.shtml |title=History Overview |publisher=Severn River Crossing Plc |year=2011 |accessdate=16 March 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130315074917/http://www.severnbridge.co.uk/history.shtml |archivedate=15 March 2013 |df= }}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.halcrow.com/our-projects/project-details/second-severn-crossing-england-and-wales/ |title=Second Severn Crossing, England and Wales – Halcrow Group |publisher=Halcrow.com |date=29 October 2009 |accessdate=16 March 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100310164651/http://www.halcrow.com/Our-projects/Project-details/Second-Severn-Crossing-England-and-Wales/ |archivedate=10 March 2010 |df= }}
24. ^Highways Agency: Our network {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314104707/http://www.highways.gov.uk/our-road-network/our-network |date=14 March 2013 }}. Retrieved 8 March 2013
25. ^Welsh Government: Roads. Retrieved 8 March 2013
26. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/south_east/3714770.stm|publisher=BBC News|title=Speed cameras slow bridge traffic|date=5 October 2004}}
27. ^{{cite news|title=Average speed cameras for Port Talbot M4 stretch|publisher=BBC South West Wales|date=14 July 2014|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-west-wales-28265463|accessdate=14 July 2014}}
28. ^{{cite news | title = M4 speed cameras generate half a million pounds | publisher = itv.com | date = 2015-06-16 | url = http://www.itv.com/news/wales/update/2015-06-16/m4-speed-cameras-generate-half-a-million-pounds/ | access-date = 2016-03-05}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/projects/23382.aspx|publisher=Highways Agency|title=M4 J19-20 and M5 J15-17 Managed Motorways|accessdate=18 February 2012}}
30. ^{{cite web|title=M4 junctions 3 to 12 smart motorway|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/372310/S140566_M4_junction3_to_12_consultation_brochure__for_web_-_final_.pdf|publisher=Highways Agency|accessdate=27 December 2015}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=https://highwaysengland.co.uk/projects/m4-junctions-3-12-smart-motorway/|title=M4 junctions 3-12: smart motorway}}
32. ^{{Cite web | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-14288312 | title = Traffic chaos after M4 Brynglas tunnel lorry blaze| date = 26 July 2011 | accessdate = 9 April 2013 | publisher = BBC News}}
33. ^{{Cite web |url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-east-wales-14344483 | title = M4 tunnel fire: Brynglas tunnel reopens| date = 29 July 2011 | accessdate = 9 April 2013 | publisher = BBC News}}
34. ^{{Cite web | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-14318891 | title = M4 tunnel fire sparks relief road debate | date = 27 July 2011 | accessdate = 9 April 2013 | publisher = BBC News}}
35. ^{{cite news|title=U-turn|publisher=BBC|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1119193.stm | date=18 January 2001 | accessdate=12 May 2010}}
36. ^{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/8249919.stm | work=BBC News | title=M4 bus lane is 'barely enforced' | date=11 September 2009 | accessdate=12 May 2010 | first=Tom | last=Edwards}}
37. ^{{cite news |title=Stretch of M4 bus lane opens to all motorists |date=16 November 2010 |publisher=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-11763882 |accessdate=16 November 2010}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.highways.gov.uk/news/pressrelease.aspx?pressreleaseid=416512|title=Work starts to remove M4 Bus Lane|publisher=Highways Agency|quote=The suspension of the M4 Bus Lane is being carried out under an Experimental Order under the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707142823/http://www.highways.gov.uk/news/pressrelease.aspx?pressreleaseid=416512|archivedate=7 July 2012|df=dmy-all}}
39. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-11451350|title=Government to scrap M4 bus lane|work=BBC News|date=1 October 2010|accessdate=1 October 2010|quote=The controversial M4 bus lane is due to be scrapped at the end of the year. Under the plans, all motorists will be able to use the {{Convert|3.5|mi}} lane which operates on the London-bound carriageway from near Heathrow}}
40. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hanson.biz/files/pdf/magazine/2006/2006Q4_op.pdf |title=2006 Fourth quarter foundation magazine – Operations and products |publisher=Hanson.biz |date=31 May 2011 |accessdate=31 December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530154411/http://www.hanson.biz/files/pdf/magazine/2006/2006Q4_op.pdf |archivedate=30 May 2008 |df=dmy-all }}
41. ^{{cite journal|title=One More Link to the West|journal=New Scientist|date=25 March 1965|page=772|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=57SmliUoH-QC&pg=PA772&lpg=PA772&dq=M4+motorway+London+heated+surface&source=bl&ots=mz-uYofLct&sig=V5khEHXPgNcj1y8u4Pg6F9ai2l4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAjgKahUKEwjulc__hvDIAhWGNT4KHfLiAcI#v=onepage&q=M4%20motorway%20London%20heated%20surface&f=false}}
42. ^{{cite thesis |last=Thornes |first=John Edward |date=1984 |title=The Prediction of Ice Formation on Motorways in Britain |type=Ph. D. |chapter= |publisher=University College London |docket= |oclc= |url=http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348922/1/336707.pdf |access-date=1 November 2015}}
43. ^{{cite web|title=This Sceptred Isle|url=https://www.theguardian.com/notesandqueries/query/0,5753,-11482,00.html|website=Notes and Queries|publisher=Guardian|accessdate=14 February 2016}}
44. ^{{cite web|title=M4 Exit List|url=http://www.cbrd.co.uk/motorway/m4/exitlist|publisher=CBRD|accessdate=14 February 2016|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125221609/http://www.cbrd.co.uk/motorway/m4/exitlist|archivedate=25 January 2016|df=dmy-all}}
45. ^{{cite web|title=The M4 Motorway (Junction 41, Westbound Exit Slip Road, Sunnycroft Roundabout, Baglan, Neath Port Talbot) (50 MPH Speed Limit) Regulations 2010|url=http://www.assembly.wales/Laid%20Documents/SUB-LD8271%20-%20The%20M4%20Motorway%20(Junction%2041,%20Westbound%20Exit%20Slip%20Road,%20Sunnycroft%20Roundabout,%20Baglan,%20Neath%20Port%20-28102010-201185/sub-ld8271-e-English.pdf|publisher=Assembly for Wales|accessdate=14 February 2016}}
46. ^{{cite news|url=http://icwales.icnetwork.co.uk/news/cardiff-news/2007/06/23/council-will-look-again-at-case-for-m-way-link-91466-19345314/|publisher=icwales|title=Council will look again at case for M-way link|date=23 June 2007}}
47. ^{{cite news|url=http://icwales.icnetwork.co.uk/business-in-wales/business-news/2007/12/19/business-park-plan-would-hit-green-land-91466-20266885/|publisher=icwales|title=Business park plan ‘would hit green land’|date=19 December 2007}}
48. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.whatdotheyknow.com/request/m4_junction_31|last1=Salmon|first1=Jeff|title=M4 J31 Freedom of information act|website=www.whatdotheyknow.com|accessdate=3 January 2016}}
49. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/7003690.stm|title=Plans for the M4 Toll (Newport) | work=BBC News | date=20 September 2007 | accessdate=12 May 2010}}
50. ^M4 corridor enhancement measures: Overview. Accessed 5 March 2012
51. ^{{cite news|url=http://wales.gov.uk/publications/accessinfo/drnewhomepage/transportdrs2/transportdrs2009/m4projmagor-castleton/?lang=en|publisher=Welsh Assembly Government|title=The New M4 Project – Magor to Castleton|date=13 July 2009}}
52. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.thisissouthwales.co.uk/displayNode.jsp?nodeId=161818&command=displayContent&sourceNode=161644&contentPK=19049034&folderPk=88499&pNodeId=161375|publisher=South Wales Evening Post|title=Are M4 plans on the right track?|date=12 December 2007}}
53. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-west-wales-28632091|publisher=BBC News|title=Twice-a-day trial closure of Port Talbot M4 junction starts|date=4 August 2014}}
54. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/m4-port-talbot-controversial-twice-day-7557261|publisher=Wales Online|title=Controversial twice-day closure of M4 junction in Port Talbot starts|date=4 August 2014}}
55. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-west-wales-31837531|publisher=BBC News|title=200 attend meeting over M4 junction 41 Port Talbot closure|date=12 March 2015}}
56. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-south-west-wales-32932347|publisher=BBC News|title=M4 Port Talbot junction 41 trial closures end|date=29 May 2015}}
57. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/trial-closures-port-talbots-m4-9356682|publisher=Wales Online|title=Temporary closures of Port Talbot's M4 junction 41 are called off but slip road's future remains in doubt|date=29 May 2015}}
58. ^{{coord|51|29|22|N|0|16|40|W|name=Start of M4}} Eastern end of M4
59. ^{{coord|51|29|41|N|0|29|44|W|name=Junction 5b of M4}} Intersection of M25 and M4
60. ^{{coord|51|27|14|N|1|18|52|W|name=Junction 13 of M4}} Intersection of M4 and A34(E05)
61. ^{{coord|51|33|01|N|2|33|11|W|name=J20 of M4}} Almondsbury Interchange – Intersection of M4 and M5
62. ^{{coord|51|34|21|N|2|41|31|W|name=M4 Severn Crossing}} Second Severn Crossing
63. ^{{coord|51|44|42|N|4|03|54|W|name=End of M4}} Western end of M4
64. ^Area 3 Driver Location Signs (map) – Highway Authority, 2009
65. ^Driver Location Signs, M5 J18-11, M4 J22-15 (map) Highway Authority 2009
66. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.trafficengland.com/map.aspx |title=Traffic England Live Traffic Condition Map (selected Popups) |publisher=Highways Agency |accessdate=5 November 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210221222/http://www.trafficengland.com/map.aspx |archivedate=10 February 2012 |df=}}
67. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.traffic-wales.com/resources |title=Resources |quote=Select Telephone & marker post locations. |publisher=Traffig Cymru/Traffic Wales |accessdate=22 August 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903120036/http://www.traffic-wales.com/resources |archivedate= 3 September 2011 |df=}}
68. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-187995/Death-toll-British-roads.html|title=Death toll on British roads|work=Daily Mail|quote=13 died in a crash on the M4 near Maidenhead, Berks, in June 1984.|location=London}}
69. ^{{cite news | title=Record producer dies in crash | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/2144817.stm | publisher=BBC News Online | accessdate=13 February 2015 | date=22 July 2002}}

Data[64][65][66][67] from driver location signs and location marker posts are used to provide distance and carriageway identification information. Where a junction spans several hundred metres and the data is available, both the start and finish values for the junction are shown.

Incidents and accidents

  • In June 1984 a crash near Maidenhead resulted in 13 deaths.[68]
  • In March 1991 ten people died in a series of crashes in 1991 involving 51 vehicles near Hungerford.[68]
  • In May 1995 a coach carrying Royal British Legion members left the road close to the Severn Bridge, resulting in 10 deaths.[68]
  • In April 1998, drummer Cozy Powell died following a car accident on the M4 near Bristol.
  • In July 2002, Gus Dudgeon, a music producer known for his work with Elton John, and his wife died when the car he was driving veered off the M4 between Reading and Maidenhead. The inquest recorded a verdict of accidental death.[69]

See also

{{portal|Roads|Geography}}
  • M4 corridor
  • M4 Thames Bridge, Maidenhead
  • List of motorways in the United Kingdom
  • Transport in Wales

References

Further reading

  • {{cite book|last=Jackson|first=Mike|title= The M4 Sights Guide|year=2005|publisher=Severnpix|isbn=978-0954540227}}

External links

{{Commons category}}{{GeoGroupTemplate}}{{Attached KML|display=inline,title}}
  • CBRD Motorway Database – M4
  • British Road Database: Motorways – M4 Junction 8/9
  • The Motorway Archive
    • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070127094705/http://www.iht.org/motorway/m4chisslou.htm Junctions 1 to 5]
    • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070311002900/http://www.iht.org/motorway/m4slomai.htm Junctions 5 to 7]
    • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070102140113/http://www.iht.org/motorway/m4londswind.htm Junctions 8 to 14]
    • [https://web.archive.org/web/20071008114756/http://www.iht.org/motorway/m4lswscheme.htm Junctions 14 to 21]
    • [https://web.archive.org/web/20071008115613/http://www.iht.org/motorway/m4sscscheme.htm Junctions 21 to 23]
    • [https://web.archive.org/web/20081231035742/http://www.iht.org/motorway/m4wales.htm Junctions 23 to 49]
  • Map of the preferred route around Newport (relief road)
{{UK motorways}}{{Roads in London}}{{Navboxes
M4 motorway
milekmEastbound exits (B carriageway)JunctionWestbound exits (A carriageway)
7.311.8Road continues as A4 to Central LondonJ1
[58]		 Start of motorway
8.3
8.5		13.4
13.7		 North Circular A406
South Circular A205
Chiswick A315		J2 Staines, Hounslow, Brentford A4
12.5
12.8		20.1
20.6		Heston servicesServicesHeston services
13.4
13.7		21.5
22.1		 Heathrow (Terminals 4, 5 & Cargo), Hayes, Harrow, Hounslow A312J3 Heathrow (Terminals 4, 5 & Cargo), Hayes, Harrow, Hounslow A312
15.2
15.7		24.5
25.2		 Heathrow (Terminals 1, 2 & 3) (A4)
Uxbridge A408		J4a Heathrow (Terminals 1, 2 & 3) (A4)
Uxbridge A408
16.8
17.7		27.0
28.5		 Heathrow (Terminals 4, 5 & Cargo) , Gatwick Airport , Watford (M3), (M23), (M40), (M1) M25J4b
[59]		 Heathrow (Terminals 4, 5&Cargo), Gatwick, Watford (M3), (M23), (M40), (M1), M25
19.1
19.5		 30.7
31.4		 Colnbrook, Langley, Slough (East) A4
Eton, Datchet B470		 J5 Colnbrook, Langley, Slough (East) A4, Datchet B470
22.9
23.2		 36.8
37.4		 Slough (Central) A355
Windsor A322		J6 Slough (Central) A355
Windsor A322
24.7
25.0		 39.8
40.3		 Slough (West) A4J7 Slough (West) A4
27.8
28.2		 44.7
45.4		 High Wycombe, Henley A404(M)
Maidenhead A308(M)		J8/9 High Wycombe, Henley A404(M)
Maidenhead A308(M)
35.0
35.8		 56.4
57.6		 Reading (East), Wokingham, Bracknell A329(M)J10 Reading (East), Wokingham, Bracknell A329(M)
40.6
41.2		65.4
66.3		 Basingstoke, Reading (Central & South) A33J11 Basingstoke, Reading (Central & South) A33
43.5
43.8		70.0
70.5		Reading servicesServicesReading services
45.3
45.7		 72.9
73.5		 Reading (West), Theale A4J12 Reading (West), Theale A4
56.9
57.2		91.5
92.1		 Newbury, Oxford A34
Chieveley services (Moto)		J13
Services
[60]		 Newbury, Oxford A34
Chieveley services (Moto)
64.4
64.8		103.7
104.3		 Hungerford, Wantage A338J14 Hungerford, Wantage A338
68.7110.5Membury servicesServicesMembury services
76.4
77.1		122.9
124.0		 Swindon (East) A419
Marlborough A346
Oxford (A420)		J15 Swindon A419, Marlborough A346
82.4
82.8		132.6
133.2		 Swindon (West), Royal Wootton Bassett, Wroughton, MoD Lyneham, Calne A3102J16 Swindon (West), Royal Wootton Bassett, Wroughton, MoD Lyneham, Calne A3102
94.8
95.3		152.5
153.4		 Chippenham A350
Cirencester A429		J17 Chippenham A350
Cirencester A429
96.7155.7Leigh Delamere servicesServicesLeigh Delamere services
104.9
105.6		168.8
170.0		 Bath, Stroud A46J18 Bath, Stroud A46
112.8
113.2		181.5
182.1		 Bristol M32J19 Bristol M32
115.8
116.3		186.3
187.2		 The SOUTH WEST, Bristol (West), The MIDLANDS, Gloucester M5J20
Almondsbury Interchange
[61]		 The SOUTH WEST, Bristol (West) M5(S)
The MIDLANDS, Gloucester M5(N)
117.7
189.5		189.5
190.0		{{no2}}No accessJ21 Chepstow M48
121.3
121.6		195.2
195.7		 Avonmouth M49J22 Avonmouth M49
121.7
124.1		195.9
199.8		Entry into England Second Severn Crossing
[62]		Entry into Wales
127.0204.4 No toll plaza Bridge TollFormer Toll plaza (closed Dec 2018)
129.2208.0 Chepstow M48J23{{no2}}No access
131.4
132.2		211.4
212.8		 Magor, Caldicot A4810
Magor services		J23A
Services		 Magor, Caldicot A4810
Magor services
134.8
135.6		217.0
218.3		 City centre A48
Newport (East) B4237
Monmouth A449
The MIDLANDS (M50)		J24 City centre A48
Newport (East) B4237
Monmouth A449
137.9222.0{{no2}}No accessJ25 Caerleon B4596
138.3222.6{{no2}}No accessJ25A Newport, Cwmbran A4042
138.8
139.1		223.4
223.8		Brynglas TunnelsTunnelBrynglas Tunnels
139.1
139.5		223.8
224.5		 Newport, Cwmbran, Caerleon A4051J26 Newport A4051
140.8
141,4		226.6
227.6		 High Cross B4591J27 High Cross B4591
142.0
142.9		228.5
230.0		 Newport A48
Risca, Brynmawr A467		J28 Newport A48
Risca, Brynmawr A467
143.6231.1{{no2}}No accessJ29 Cardiff (East and South) A48(M)
146.6
147.3		236.0
237.0		 Cardiff (East) A4232
Cardiff Gate services		J30
Services		 Cardiff (East) A4232
Cardiff Gate services
151.9
244.5		244.5
246.1		 Merthyr Tydfil, Cardiff A470J32 Cardiff (North), Merthyr Tydfil A470
155.4
156.0		250.1
251.1		 Cardiff (West), Barry, Penarth A4232
Cardiff Airport
Cardiff West services		J33
Services		 Cardiff (West), Barry, Penarth A4232
Cardiff Airport
Cardiff West services
157.5
158.1		253.5
254.4		 Llantrisant, Rhondda A4119
Royal Glamorgan Hospital		J34 Llantrisant, Rhondda A4119
Royal Glamorgan Hospital
163.9
164.4		263.7
264.5		 Pen-coed A473J35 Bridgend, Pen-coed A473
167.5
168.3		269.6
270.8		 Bridgend A4061
Maesteg A4063
Princess of Wales Hospital
Sarn Park services		J36
Services		 Bridgend A4061
Maesteg A4063
Princess of Wales Hospital
Sarn Park services
172.8
173.5		278.1
279.3		 Pyle, Porthcawl A4229J37 Porthcawl, Pyle A4229
177.0
177.3		284.9
285.3		 Port Talbot A48J38 Port Talbot A48
178.3286.9{{no2}}No access (on-ramp only)J39{{no2}}No access
179.7
179.9		289.2
289.6		 Port Talbot A4107J40 Port Talbot A4107
180.9
181.3		291.1
291.8		 Port Talbot A48J41 Briton Ferry A48
183.9
184.9		295.9
297.3		 Briton Ferry A48
Swansea (South) A483		J42 Swansea (South) A483
184.9
185.7		297.5
298.8		 Neath, Merthyr Tydfil A465J43 Neath, Merthyr Tydfil A465
187.0
187.4		300.9
301.6		 Swansea (East) A48J44 Swansea (East) A48
188.8
189.3		 303.9
304.7		 Pontardawe, Swansea (North) A4067J45 Pontardawe, Swansea (North) A4067
190.8
191.4		 307.0
308.0		 Llangyfelach B4489
Felindre
Morriston Hospital		J46 Llangyfelach B4489
Felindre
Morriston Hospital
192.4
193.1		309.6
310.7		 Swansea (West) A483
Gorseinon A48
Swansea services		J47
Services		 Swansea (West) A483
Gorseinon A48
Swansea services
196.4
197.1		316.0
317.2		 Pontarddulais, Llanelli A4138J48 Pontarddulais, Llanelli A4138
199.2 320.6 Start of motorwayJ49
Terminus
Services
[63]		 Motorway terminates at a roundabout:
Carmarthen A48
Ammanford, Llandeilo A483
Pontarddulais A48
Pont Abraham services
title = Transport in England by local authoritylist ={{Transport in Bristol}}{{Transport in Buckinghamshire}}{{Transport in London}}
}}{{Motorways and Trunk Roads in England|state=collapsed}}{{Motorways and Trunk Roads in Wales|state=collapsed}}{{Navboxes		title = Transport in Wales by local authoritylist ={{Transport in Bridgend county borough}}{{Transport in Cardiff}}{{Transport in Carmarthenshire}}{{Transport in Monmouthshire}}{{Transport in Neath Port Talbot}}{{Transport in Newport}}{{Transport in Rhondda Cynon Taf}}{{Transport in Swansea}}
}}{{DEFAULTSORT:4-0004m}}

19 : M4 motorway|Constituent roads of European route E30|Motorways in England|Motorways in London|Motorways in Wales|Roads in Berkshire|Roads in Bristol|Transport in Bridgend County Borough|Transport in Cardiff|Transport in Carmarthenshire|Transport in the London Borough of Hillingdon|Transport in the London Borough of Hounslow|Transport in Monmouthshire|Transport in Neath Port Talbot|Transport in Newport, Wales|Transport in Rhondda Cynon Taf|Transport in South Gloucestershire District|Transport in Swansea|Transport in Wiltshire
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