| 词条 | President's Commission on Campus Unrest |
| 释义 |
| name = | longtitle = President's Commission on Campus unrest | shorttitle = Scranton Commission | othershorttitles = | depiction = | depictioncaption = | depictionalt = | status = | establishedpresident = | establisheddate = | executiveorder = | disbandeddate = | chairperson = | othermembers = James F. Ahern Erwin D. Canham James E. Cheek Lt Gen Benjamin O. Davis, Jr. Martha A. Derthick Bayless Manning Revius O. Ortique, Jr. Joseph Rhodes, Jr. | purpose = Study the ongoing unrest and dissent on college and university campuses, particularly the national student strike | policy_areas = | summary = That the shootings of four students at Kent State by members of the Ohio Army National Guard were "unjustified" }} On June 13, 1970, President Richard Nixon established the President's Commission on Campus unrest, which became known as the Scranton Commission after its chairman, former Pennsylvania governor William Scranton. Scranton was asked to study the dissent, disorder, and violence breaking out on college and university campuses, particularly the national student strike that was then going on. The student strike was both a general protest against the Vietnam War and a specific response to the American invasion of Cambodia and the killings of four students at Kent State University in Ohio. Other violent confrontations, such as the killing of two students at Jackson State College in Mississippi, also incited public and administration concern.[1] Scranton concluded that, "It is true that the amount of campus disruption and violence certainly was much less in the period when the war seemed to be going in the direction of terminating and people were beginning to come back to the United States, for example, late last fall, this last winter, and early spring. And certainly it got much stronger after the Cambodia. We all know that, after the Cambodian invasion. So the less extenuation there is of American participation and the more return of men, the more helpful it is, of course."[2] The Commission issued its findings in a September 1970 report. It concluded that the shootings at Kent State were unjustified. The report said: Even if the guardsmen faced danger, it was not a danger that called for lethal force. The 61 shots by 28 guardsmen certainly cannot be justified. Apparently, no order to fire was given, and there was inadequate fire control discipline on Blanket Hill. The Kent State tragedy must mark the last time that, as a matter of course, loaded rifles are issued to guardsmen confronting student demonstrators.[1] MembersThe members of the Commission were:
See also
References1. ^1 {{cite book |title=The Report of the President's Commission on Campus Unrest |location=Washington, DC |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |url=http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED083899 |year=1970 |accessdate=2013-11-17}} This 417-page book is also known as The Scranton Commission Report. The report is in the public domain; photographs that are not in the public domain have been deleted. 2. ^http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1970/Apollo-13/12303235577467-2/#title "1970 Year in Review, UPI.com" Further reading
7 : 1970 riots|1970 in the United States|Riots and civil disorder in the United States|Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War|Student protests in the United States|United States Presidential Commissions|Presidency of Richard Nixon |
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