“Prince Maximilian of Saxony (1870–1951)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Prince Maximilian of Saxony, Duke of Saxony ({{lang-de|Prinz Maximilian von Sachsen, Herzog zu Sachsen}}; 17 November 1870 – 12 January 1951) was a member of the Albertine branch of the House of Wettin and a Roman Catholic priest.

Early life

Maximilian Wilhelm August Albert Karl Gregor Odo of Saxony was born in Dresden, capital of the Kingdom of Saxony, the seventh of the eight children of Prince George of Saxony and his wife Infanta Maria Anna of Portugal. He was born with the titles Prince and Duke of Saxony, with the style Royal Highness. Amongst his siblings was the last Saxon king Frederick Augustus III and Princess Maria Josepha mother of the last Austrian Emperor Charles I.

Priesthood

On 26 July 1896, despite initial opposition from his family, Prince Maximilian entered into the church and was ordained as a priest.^[1]^[2] He renounced his claim to the throne of Saxony on entering the priesthood and also expressed a determination to refuse the apanage that he was entitled to from the Kingdom of Saxony.^[3]^[4]

Professor

In January 1899 Prince Maximilian became a Doctor of Theology after gaining the degree from the University of Würzburg.^[4] After working as a pastor at a church in Nuremberg, on 21 August 1900 Prince Maximilian accepted the post of Professor of canonical law at the University of Fribourg.^[5]^[6]

In late 1910 Prince Maximilian caused controversy by publishing an article in an ecclesiastical periodical on the union of the Eastern and Roman churches. Prince Maximilian argued that the six dogmas should be waived in order to facilitate the return of the Eastern to the Roman Catholic Church.^[7] As a result of the article he went to see Pope Pius X to explain his article, and as a result of meeting the pope he agreed to retract the article and he signed a declaration acknowledging errors in his article and it was announced that he had renewed his full and unconditional adhesion to the doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church.^[8]^[9]

War

During the First World War Prince Maximilian served as an Army chaplain and in this capacity he attended to wounded soldiers, gave unction to the dying and said mass while under shell fire. He was liked by the French prisoners of war as he also dedicated himself to their welfare. He also used the international bureau in Geneva to send word to the families of the French prisoners.^[10]

Following the German Empire's defeat in the war his brother King Frederick Augustus III was forced to abdicate as the monarchy was abolished.

Death

Prince Maximilian died in Fribourg, Switzerland, as the last surviving grandchild of Queen Maria II and King Fernando II of Portugal, and last great-grandchild of Pedro IV of Portugal & I of Brazil.

Ancestry

References

1. ^{{cite news | title = A Prince Ordained A Priest | publisher = New York Times | page = 1 | date = 1896-07-26 }}
2. ^{{cite news | title = Knowledge Means Peace | publisher = New York Times | page = 4 | date = 1896-07-19 }}
3. ^{{cite news | title = Prince as Priest in London | publisher = The West Australian | page = 9 | date = 1896-10-23 }}
4. ^¹{{cite news | title = An Unruly German Press | publisher = New York Times | page = 17 | date = 1899-01-29 }}
5. ^{{cite news | title = Object to Prince-Evangelist | publisher = New York Times | page = 5 | date = 1900-11-13 }}
6. ^{{cite news | title = Saxon Prince a Professor | publisher = New York Times | page = 6 | date = 1900-08-22 }}
7. ^{{cite news | title = Pope To Eastern Churches | publisher = New York Times | page = 8 | date = 1911-01-03 }}
8. ^{{cite news | title = Prince Submits to the Pope | publisher = New York Times | page = 5 | date = 1910-12-28 }}
9. ^{{cite news | title = Prince Maximilian Recants | publisher = New York Times | page = 5 | date = 1910-12-31 }}
10. ^{{cite news | title = Peace of the World | publisher = New York Times | page = SM3 | date = 1915-02-28 }}