“Priyome”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Priyome

释义

Examples
References
External links

Priyome^[1] ({{lang-rus|приём|p=prʲɪˈjɵm|a=Ru-приём.ogg}}) is a Russian noun that is used directly and generically in English to represent some sort of typical maneuver or technique in chess. For example, a typical defensive technique in rook endings is to use the king to attack the opponent's pawns.^[2]

In Russian, приём is a common word with various meanings including "reception", "acceptance" and "gimmick", and is used in contexts as diverse as music, literature, computer science, and martial arts.^[3] It is also very common in Russian chess literature to refer to typical maneuvers used in positions with certain pawn structures or other defining characteristics. Because the word does not have an exact equivalent in English—with "device", "technique", or "method" the closest translations—it has appeared untranslated in English-language chess literature, although this usage is not yet widespread.^[4]^[5]

Examples

A Russian movie, Buket Na Priyome,^[6] is a crime drama highlighting the technique as a theme and tactic. A famous game by Garry Kasparov in Nicaragua has been used by training academies^[7] to illustrate the technique. After e4-e5 in the first diagram below, the d-file is potentially open, and thus a candidate to be controlled by White's rooks:

{{Chess diagram
|
|
| |__| |__|nd|__| |__
| | |__| |kd|pd| |
|pd|__| |pd|rd| | |pd
|pl|rd|pd|__|pl|__|pd|__
|__|pd|nl|__| |__|__|__
|__|pl| |__| |pl|__|pl
| | |pl|rl|__|kl|pl|__
|__|__| |rl|__| |__|
| Moving the Rook to the d file is a priyome, or recommended response. In annotations, moves with exclamation points suggest priyomes.
}}{{Chess diagram

Example of *Black vs. White priyomes*
tleft	Black to move	\|bd\|qd\| \|rd\|kd\|	\| \| \| \| \|pd\|pd	pd\| \| \| \|nd\|pd\|	\|pd\|pl\|pd\| \| \|	\|pl\| \|pl\| \| \|	\|pl\|bl\|bl\| \| \|	\| \| \| \| \|pl\|pl	\| \|ql\| \|rl\|kl\|	In this famous 1972 Spassky-Fischer World Championship, Spassky played 1.a4, and Bobby answered with 1...a5!. This is a typical defensive technique (priyome) in similar positions, to fix the weakness of the a4 pawn. }}{{Chess diagram	tleft	White to move	\|rd\| \|kd\| \|rd\|	pd\|qd\| \|bd\|pd\|pd\|pd	\|bd\|pd\| \|nd\| \|	\| \| \|pd\|pl\| \|	\| \| \|pl\| \| \|	bl\|nl\| \|bl\| \|ql\|	pl\|pl\| \| \| \|pl\|pl	\| \| \| \|rl\|kl\|	In this Zsofia Polgar-Apol game from 1988, Polgar played the priyome with 1. Bg5! - again a typical maneuver in this pawn structure, to exchange the bishop for the f6 knight and gain control of the d5 square. }}

References

1. ^Also transliterated priem, prijóm, etc.
2. ^Uchebnik Endshpilya, Dvoretsky, 2006, p. 216 {{ISBN|5-88149-232-3}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.yxo.com |title=• Запомни весь нескучный англо-русский словарь |publisher=Yxo.com |date= |accessdate=2012-10-16}}
4. ^Studying Chess Made Easy, Soltis, 2010, p. 88 {{ISBN|978-1-906388-67-6}}
5. ^Critical Moments in Chess, Gaprindashvili, 2010, p. 66 et al. {{ISBN|978-1-906388-65-2}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0292463/|title=Buket na priyome (1977)|publisher=IMDb.com|accessdate=2012-10-16}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.academiadeajedrezjulioramirezdearellano.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=288&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0 |title=: Academia De Ajedrez Julio Ramírez De Arellano :. - Priyome |publisher=Academiadeajedrezjulioramirezdearellano.com |date= |accessdate=2012-10-16}}

External links

64 Commandments of Chess by Bruce Pandolfini
Chess Strategy, Second Edition and Chess and Checkers: the Way to Mastership, both by Edward Lasker
The Blue Book of Chess; "Teaching the Rudiments of the Game, and Giving an Analysis of All the Recognized Openings" by Howard Staunton
Chess Strategy, free lessons on basic elements.

1 : Chess terminology

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