| 词条 | Prizren Fortress | ||
| 释义 |
|name = Prizren Fortress |native_name = Призренска тврђава Kalaja e Prizërenit |location = Prizren, Kosovo{{ref label|status|a|}} |image = Kaljaja Prizren.jpg |image_size = 300px |caption = |country = Kosovo |map_type = |map_size = |map_alt = |map_caption = |type = |coordinates = |code = |built = {{Start date|11th century}} 14th century |builder = Stefan Uroš IV Dušan |materials = |height = |used = |demolished = |condition = |ownership = |open_to_public = yes |controlledby = {{flag|Byzantine Empire}} {{flag|Serbian Empire}} {{flag|Ottoman Empire}} |garrison = |current_commander = |commanders = |occupants = |battles = |events = |image2 = |caption2 = }}Prizren Fortress ({{lang-sr|Призренски град}}/{{lang|sr-Latn|Prizrenski grad}}), also known as Kaljaja ({{lang-sq|Каlаја}}, {{lang-sr-cyr|Каљаја}}) and Dušan's Fortress ({{lang|sr|Душанов град}} / {{lang|sr-Latn|Dušanov grad}}), is a medieval fortress in Prizren, Kosovo,{{ref label|status|a|}} which once served as the capital of the Serbian Empire. It was built on a hill above Prizrenska Bistrica, around which the modern city developed. The first fort, erected on this location by the Byzantines, was further expanded by Emperor Stefan Dušan (r. 1331–55). The fort then came under the control of the Ottomans for four centuries. It was declared a Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance in 1948.[1] HistoryPrizren was founded in the 11th century on the ruins of ancient Theranda, first mentioned in 1019 at the time of Basil II (r. 976–1025) in the form of Prizdrijana. In 1072, Serbian ruler Constantine Bodin (r. 1081–1101) was declared "Emperor of the Bulgarians" in Prizren during the large Slavic uprising against the Byzantine Empire. {{multiple image| align = left | footer = Left: Basil II, Byzantine Emperor Right: Stefan Dušan, Serbian Emperor | width1 = 130 | image1 = Basilios II.jpg | width2 = 120 | image2 = Car Dušan, Manastir Lesnovo, XIV vek, Makedonija.jpg }} From the time of Stefan the First-Crowned (r. 1196–1228) and onwards, Prizren's importance increased, particularly during the reigns of King Stefan Milutin (r. 1282–1321) and Emperors Stefan Dušan (r. 1331–55) and Uroš V (r. 1355–71). The Prizren square and its stronghold developed the Via de Zenta trade route which passed through the Drin valley and connected the Adriatic Sea with the interior of the Balkan Peninsula. Tsar Dušan expanded the fortification and had his endowment, the Monastery of the Holy Archangels, built in its vicinity, by the Višegrad fortress. Prizren served as the first Serbian imperial capital for which it is called the City of the Emperor or Serbian Tsarigrad. {{multiple image| footer = Left: Main Gate Right: The remains of one of the towers | width1 = 150 | image1 = Kaljaja1.jpg | width2 = 150 | image2 = Kaljaja4.jpg }} During the fall of the Serbian Empire, up until the turn of the 14th century, the city was in the possession of several Serbian noble families, such as the Mrnjavčević family, the Balšić family, and the Branković family. With Ottoman expansion, it began to lose its commercial importance, so in 1433 it is mentioned as a deserted square. Prizren fell to the Ottomans on 21 June 1455, although some sources place it in 1459. The Ottomans expanded the fortress, and held it up until Prizren's capture by Serbia during the First Balkan War (1912). During the Ottoman occupation of the Serbian lands, the Serbs held social gatherings at several monumental places, such as Kaljaja, where they danced the Kolo in the evening.[2] See also
References1. ^{{CHS-SANU|Link=330|Name=ПРИЗРЕНСКА ТВРЂАВА, ДУШАНОВ ГРАД-КАЉАЈА}} 2. ^[https://www.jstor.org/pss/924671 Serbian Folk Dance Tradition in Prizren] Ethnomusicology, Vol. 6, No. 2 (May, 1962) Sources
Annotations
External links{{Commons category|Kaljaja}}{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2010}}{{coord|42|12|34|N|20|44|44|E|region:RS_type:landmark_source:kolossus-frwiki|display=title}} 9 : Prizren|Forts in Kosovo|Monuments and memorials in Kosovo|Forts in Serbia|Medieval Serbian sites in Kosovo|Former capitals of Serbia|Cultural Monuments of Exceptional Importance (Serbia)|Stefan Dušan|Byzantine forts |
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