| 词条 | Machinist |
| 释义 |
A machinist is a person who machines using hand tools and machine tools to create or modify a part that is made of metal, plastics, or wood. Related occupational titlesA traditional machinist is one who can operate, disassemble,reassemble and repair the machine tool as well as build new parts such as gears, splines, and shafts using various machine tools such as mills, lathes, grinders, and planers. Some titles reflect further development of machinist skills such as tool and die maker, patternmaker, mold maker, programmer, and operator. A machinist is one who is called on to fix a problem with a part or to create a new one using metal working, plastic, or in some cases, wood. Depending on the company, a machinist can be any or all of the titles listed above. Under the machinist title are other specialty titles that refer to specific skills that may be more highly developed to meet the needs of a particular job position, such as fitter (assembles parts), turning hand, mill hand, and spline grinder. A group of spline grinders is commonly known as a bunch of mongs. Role in manufacturingA machinist is usually called upon when a part needs to be produced from a material by cutting. Such a part may be unique or may be needed in the thousands. This could include a machinery part for a production line or anything that can be made from metal or plastic. Producing a part will often require several steps and more than one machine tool. Each machine tool plays a specific role in cutting away excess material. When large numbers of parts are needed, production planning is required to plan the most logical workflow through a series of machines. Computer numerical controlled (CNC) machines are a special computer-driven tool that can machine a large variety of shapes, and whose use in the workflow depends on the part to be machined.[1] CNC machines are becoming the standard due to their speed, precision, flexibility, and reduced downtime while changing jobs. Production runs consisting of large numbers of parts are more cost effective and commonly referred to as production work in the trade. Conversely, small production runs are sometimes referred to as prototype or jobbing work. Production engineers use blueprints and engineering drawings to produce detailed specifications of the part, especially its geometry (shape), then decide on a strategy to make it. Machine tools are then configured by the machinist or toolset and production commences. The machinist works with the quality department to ensure the specifications are maintained in the finished product.[1]Large commercial organizations often staff machinists on site in a maintenance mode to ensure continuing operations of the production machinery. The labor cost for this role is significantly lower than costs involved with production shutdowns. Additive MachiningAdditive machining means 3D printing to create industrial components, prototypes, tooling, and end-use production parts. Additive machining comes into its own in the manufacturing of very small intricate parts, which could not be produced through any other manufacturing process. There are several processes in additive manufacturing which include direct metal deposition, electron beam melting, fused filament fabrication, select laser sintering, and variations of each. Materials commonly encountered by machinistsA machinist is to metal as a woodcarver is to wood. The most common materials that machinists make parts from are steel, aluminium, brass, copper, and various alloys of these materials. Other less common materials such as vanadium, zinc, lead, or manganese are often used as alloying elements for the most common materials. Materials that machinists work with occasionally are plastics, rubber, glass, and wood products. Rarely, machinists also work with exotic and refractory metals. The term exotic metals is a general term describing out of the ordinary, rare or special purpose metals. A synonym might be space-age. A list of exotic metals might include, but is not limited to, titanium, beryllium, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum and tungsten, as well as special high-temperature metal alloys like Inconel or Hastelloy (superalloys). Very often the meaning of the term suggests the need for specialized handling and/or tooling to machine them effectively.[2] While the foregoing were primarily the materials that a machinist would be cutting, the cutters that the machinist uses must be harder and tougher than the materials to be cut. The materials in the cutters a machinist uses are most commonly high speed steel, tungsten carbide, ceramics, Borazon, and diamond.[2] Machinists usually work to very small tolerances, usually within 0.010" or 0.25 mm (more commonly expressed as ±0.010" (Plus or minus ten-thousandths of an inch) or ±0.13 mm), and sometimes at tolerances as low as 0.0001" (plus or minus one tenth of a thousandth of an inch – or 0.0025 mm) for specialty operations. A machinist deals with all facets of shaping, cutting and some aspects of forming metal, although forming is typically a separate trade. The operations most commonly performed by machinists are milling, drilling, turning, and grinding. There are other more specialised operations that a machinist will less frequently be called upon to perform such as honing, keyseating, lapping, and polishing, to name a few. Tools of the machinistThe tools that a machinist is expected to be proficient with fall into 6 broad categories:
See also
References1. ^1 {{Cite web|title = Tool & Die Makers - Tooling Engineers {{!}} ESI Engineering Specialties Inc.|url = http://www.esict.com/tool-and-die-maker|website = ESI Engineering Specialties Inc.|access-date = 2016-02-04|language = en-US}} 2. ^1 {{Cite web|title = Home Shop Machinist: Materials and their properties|url = http://homeshopmachinist.blogspot.com/2010/12/materials-and-their-properties.html|website = Home Shop Machinist|date = 2010-12-08|access-date = 2016-02-04|first = Jaakko|last = Fagerlund}} 3. ^{{Cite web|title = CNCCookbook: Useful Tools|url = http://www.cnccookbook.com/CCUsefulTools.htm|website = www.cnccookbook.com|access-date = 2016-02-04}} 4. ^{{Cite web|title = 10 Must-See Ideas for Cutting, Tooling, Programming, Machining, and Shop Management|url = http://americanmachinist.com/machining-cutting/10-must-see-ideas-cutting-tooling-programming-machining-and-shop-management#slide-1-field_images-29861|website = americanmachinist.com|access-date = 2016-02-04}} External links
1 : Metalworking occupations |
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