| 词条 | Propionaldehyde |
| 释义 |
| Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 464216678 | Name = Propionaldehyde | ImageFileL1 = Propanal-skeletal.png | ImageNameL1 = Skeletal structure of propanal | ImageFileR1 = Propionaldehyde_flat_structure.png | ImageNameR1 = Flat structure | ImageFile2 = Propionaldehyde-3D-balls.png | ImageSize2 = 180px | ImageName2 = Ball-and-stick model | IUPACName = Propanal | SystematicName = Propanal | OtherNames = {{unbulleted list|Methylacetaldehyde|Propionic aldehyde|Propaldehyde}} |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = AMJ2B4M67V | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEBI = 17153 | SMILES = CCC=O | PubChem = 527 | InChI = 1/C3H6O/c1-2-3-4/h3H,2H2,1H3 | InChIKey = NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYAZ | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 275626 | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C3H6O/c1-2-3-4/h3H,2H2,1H3 | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | CASNo = 123-38-6 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 512 | UNNumber = 1275 | RTECS = |Section2={{Chembox Properties | C=3 | H=6 | O=1 | Appearance = Colorless liquid Pungent, fruity odor | Density = 0.81 g cm−3 | Solubility = 20 g/100 mL | MeltingPtC = −81 | BoilingPtC = 46 to 50 | Viscosity = 0.6 cP at 20 °C | MagSus = -34.32·10−6 cm3/mol |Section3={{Chembox Structure | MolShape = C1, O: sp2 C2, C3: sp3 | Dipole = 2.52 D |Section7={{Chembox Hazards | ExternalSDS = | EUClass = {{Hazchem F+}} {{Hazchem Xi}} | NFPA-H = 2 | NFPA-F = 3 | NFPA-R = 2 | RPhrases = {{R11}}, {{R36/37/38}} | SPhrases = {{S9}}, {{S16}}, {{S29}} | FlashPtC = −26 | AutoignitionPtC = 175 |Section8={{Chembox Related | OtherFunction_label = aldehydes | OtherFunction = Acetaldehyde Butyraldehyde }} Propionaldehyde or propanal is the organic compound with the formula CH3CH2CHO. It is a saturated 3-carbon aldehyde and is a structural isomer of acetone. It is a colorless liquid with a slightly irritating, fruity odor. ProductionPropionaldehyde is mainly produced industrially through hydroformylation, by combining synthesis gas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) with ethylene using a metal (typically rhodium) catalyst: CO + H2 + C2H4 → CH3CH2CHO In this way, several hundred thousand tons are produced annually.[1] Laboratory preparationPropionaldehyde may also be prepared by oxidizing 1-propanol with a mixture of sulfuric acid and potassium dichromate. The reflux condenser contains water heated at 60 °C, which condenses unreacted propanol, but allows propionaldehyde to pass. The propionaldehyde vapor is immediately condensed into a suitable receiver. In this arrangement, any propionaldehyde formed is immediately removed from the reactor, thus it does not get over-oxidized to propionic acid.[2] UsesIt is principally used as a precursor to trimethylolethane (CH3C(CH2OH)3) through a condensation reaction with formaldehyde; this triol is an important intermediate in the production of alkyd resins. Other applications include reduction to propanol and oxidation to propionic acid.[1] Condensation of propionaldehyde with tert-butylamine gives CH3CH2CH=N-t-Bu, a three-carbon building block used in organic synthesis. Deprotonation of this imine with LDA produces CH3CHLiCH=N-t-Bu, which in turn condenses with aldehydes.[3] Extraterrestrial occurrenceAstronomers have detected propionaldehyde (along with acrolein) in the molecular cloud Sagittarius B2 near the center of the Milky Way Galaxy, about 26,000 light years from Earth.[4][5][6] On 30 July 2015, scientists reported that upon the first touchdown of the Philae lander on comet 67/P{{'s}} surface, measurements by the COSAC and Ptolemy instruments revealed sixteen organic compounds, four of which were seen for the first time on a comet, including acetamide, acetone, methyl isocyanate and propionaldehyde.[7][8][9] References1. ^1 Anthony J. Papa "Propanal" In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2011, WIley-VCH, Weinheim. {{DOI|10.1002/14356007.a22_157.pub2}} {{Molecules detected in outer space}}{{Authority control}}2. ^{{OrgSynth | prep=cv2p0541 | collvol = 2 | collvolpages = 541 | year = 1943 | title = Propionaldehyde | author= Charles D. Hurd and R. N. Meinert}} 3. ^Peralta, M. M. "Propionaldehyde t-Butylimine" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (Ed: L. Paquette) 2004, J. Wiley & Sons, New York. {{doi|10.1002/047084289}}. 4. ^Scientists Discover Two New Interstellar Molecules: Point to Probable Pathways for Chemical Evolution in Space, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, June 21, 2004 5. ^Two newly found space molecules. By: Goho, Alexandra, Science News, 00368423, 7/24/2004, Vol. 166, Issue 4 6. ^Chemical Precursors to Life Found in Space Scientists say that a universal prebiotic chemistry may be at work 7. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/philae-probe-finds-evidence-that-comets-can-be-cosmic-labs/2015/07/30/63a2fc0e-36e5-11e5-ab7b-6416d97c73c2_story.html |title=Philae probe finds evidence that comets can be cosmic labs |work=The Washington Post |agency=Associated Press |first=Frank |last=Jordans |date=30 July 2015 |accessdate=30 July 2015}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Rosetta/Science_on_the_surface_of_a_comet |title=Science on the Surface of a Comet |publisher=European Space Agency |date=30 July 2015 |accessdate=30 July 2015}} 9. ^{{cite journal |last1=Bibring |first1=J.-P. |last2=Taylor |first2=M.G.G.T. |last3=Alexander |first3=C. |last4=Auster |first4=U. |last5=Biele |first5=J. |last6=Finzi |first6=A. Ercoli |last7=Goesmann |first7=F. |last8=Klingehoefer |first8=G. |last9=Kofman |first9=W. |last10=Mottola |first10=S. |last11=Seidenstiker |first11=K.J. |last12=Spohn |first12=T. |last13=Wright |first13=I. |title=Philae's First Days on the Comet - Introduction to Special Issue |url=http://www.sciencemag.org/content/349/6247/493.short |date=31 July 2015 |journal=Science |volume=349 |issue=6247 |page=493 |doi=10.1126/science.aac5116 |accessdate=30 July 2015 |bibcode=2015Sci...349..493B |pmid=26228139}} 2 : Aldehydes|Hazardous air pollutants |
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