| 词条 | Proposed coat of arms of North Macedonia | |||||||
| 释义 |
|name = Coat of arms proposed in 2014 by the government[1] |image = Предлог-грб_на_Република_Македонија_2014.svg |alt = |image_width = 130px |middle = |middle_width = |middle_caption = |lesser = |lesser_alt = |lesser_width = |lesser_caption = |image2 = |image2_alt = |image2_width = |image2_caption = |image3 = |image3_alt = |image3_width = |image3_caption = |armiger = North Macedonia |year_adopted = |crest = |torse = |shield = Or, a lion Gules, crowned with a mural crown with five turrets |supporter = |supporters = |compartment = |motto = |orders = |badge = |other_elements = |earlier_versions = |use = |notes = }} The Macedonian lion is an unofficial symbol of North Macedonia (previously the Republic of Macedonia). After the independence of the Republic of Macedonia from Yugoslavia, the lion was proposed as a coat of arms of the new independent state several times. Background{{Verifiability|date=January 2019}}Between the 16th and the 18th centuries, the region of Macedonia was commonly represented in foreign armorials with a coat of arms depicting a golden lion on red field, or red lion on golden field. The earliest known example of this is the Fojnica Armorial[2]{{broken link|date=January 2019}} from 16/17 century,[3]{{clarification needed|date=January 2019}} and later examples include the Korenić-Neorić armorial of 1595,{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} a 1630 armorial on display in the Belgrade Museum of Contemporary Art,{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} and a 17th-century armorial in Berlin Library.[4]{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}} The Korenić-Neorić armory roll of 1595 included a five-pointed crown.{{citation needed|date=January 2019}} The Belgrade Museum of Contemporary Art displays a 1620 version of the symbol with a three-pointed crown, while the Berlin Library displays a 17th-century version with the five-pointed crown.[4]{{unreliable source?|date=January 2019}} The use of the lion to represent Macedonia was continued in foreign heraldic collections throughout the 16th to 18th centuries[6][7] Proposed introductionThe modern Republic of Macedonia had no heraldic emblem when the country gained independence from Yugoslavia, but since then this emblem has often been proposed as a replacement for the non-heraldic national emblem of the republic, a remnant of socialistic symbolism.[5][6] Such efforts have so far failed, due to political and national disputes over possible replacements. A proposal by architect and graphic designer Miroslav Grčev was put forward in 1992 to replace it with a revised version of the historical gold lion on a red shield. However, this was rejected on three main grounds:
Because of these reasons, the political parties agreed to continue to use the current device until a solution is found. The emblem did not appear on the country's first passports, however, in 2007 the device was put on the front and the inside of the new biometric Macedonian passports, while the parliamentary debate about acceptance of a new national emblem still continues. According to the provisions of the Article 5, Section 2 of the Constitution of Macedonia, the two-thirds majority is required to pass a law on the new symbols of the Republic. The usage of the Coat of arms has been defined by a law.[7] In 2009 Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization–People's Party proposed the golden lion on red background as a new coat of arms of Macedonia, but it was not accepted. On the 5 December 2014 the government of the Republic of Macedonia proposed a coat of arms which would replace the old national emblem. According to the president of the Macedonian Heraldry Society Jovan Jonovski, the new coat of arms is based on an illustration from Jerome de Bara (1581).[1] The illustration from de Bara's book "Le blason des armoiries" depicts attributed arms of Alexander the Great.[8] It is blazoned as "Or, a lion gules" (on a golden background, a red lion) and topped with a golden mural crown to represent the republican form of government. The parliament did not vote on this design.[9] Present usageThe coat of arms with a golden lion on a red shield is used to represent several Macedonian political parties, including the largest one; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity and Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization–People's Party. At the same time, the lion as a symbols of these parties is inherited from the original organization VMRO, where it was borrowed from the Bulgarian coat of arms.[10][11] GalleryAlternativesSee also{{Portal|Heraldry|North Macedonia}}
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://heraldika.org.mk/en/heraldry/heraldry-arms/state-coat-of-arms/predlog-nov-grb-republika-makedonija/|title=The Government has adopted the proposal for a new Coat of Arms for the Republic of Macedonia - Macedonian Heraldry Society|work=heraldika.org.mk}} 2. ^Fojnica Armory {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706131500/http://www.samostan.ba/photos/displayimage.php?album=11&pos=10 |date=2011-07-06 }}, online images 3. ^Ivan Supercic, Croatia in the Late Middle Ages and the Renaissance: A Cultural Survey, Philip Wilson Publishers, 2009, {{ISBN|0856676241}}, p. 30. 4. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://heraldika.org.mk/zemski.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-09-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917040843/http://www.heraldika.org.mk/zemski.htm |archivedate=2009-09-17 |df= }} 5. ^1 Matkovski, Aleksandar, Grbovite na Makedonija, Skopje, 1970 6. ^1 Александар Матковски (1990) Грбовите на Македонија, Мисла, Skopje, Macedonia - {{ISBN|86-15-00160-X}} 7. ^Zakon za upotreba na grbot, znameto i himnata na Republika Makedonija ("Služben vesnik na Republika Makedonija", No. 32/97 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420224418/http://www.mlrc.org.mk/zakoni/Z1997030.htm |date=2008-04-20 }}, 1997-07-09) 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4AhJAAAAcAAJ&hl&pg=131|title=Le blason des armoiries|work=google.com}} 9. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.gazetaexpress.com/lajme/maqedonia-me-steme-te-re-shteterore-64709/ |title=Macedonia with new state emblem |newspaper=Gazeta Express |language=Albanian}} 10. ^Тодор Петров, Нелегалната армия на ВМОРО в Македония и Одринско: 1899 - 1908, изд. "Свети Георги победоносец", 1993, стр. 133. 11. ^Liubomir Panaĭotov, Ilindensko-Preobrazhenskoto vŭstanie ot 1903 g: voenna podgotovka i provezhdane, Institut za voenna istoria, 1992, str. 167. 12. ^Makedonsko Heraldicko Zdruzenie/Macedonian Heraldry Society {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917040843/http://www.heraldika.org.mk/zemski.htm |date=2009-09-17 }}, Zemski Grbovi 13. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://heraldika.org.mk/Drzaven.htm|title=Macedonian coat of arms on heraldika.org.mk|accessdate=8 October 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110111104649/http://heraldika.org.mk/Drzaven.htm|archivedate=11 January 2011|df=}} External links
3 : National coats of arms|National symbols of North Macedonia|Lions in heraldry |
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