| 词条 | Macombs Dam Bridge |
| 释义 |
| name = Macombs Dam Bridge | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = Macombs Dam Bridge from Adam Clayton Powell Jr. Blvd approach.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | alt = | caption = View from the south showing the swing span at left and the camelback span at right | coordinates = {{coord|40|49|41|N|73|56|02|W|type:landmark_region:US-NY|display=inline,title}} | os_grid_reference = | carries = Four lanes of Jerome Avenue | crosses = Harlem River and Metro-North | locale = Manhattan and the Bronx, New York City | official_name = | other_name = | named_for = | owner = City of New York | maint = NYCDOT[1] | heritage = | id = | id_type = | website = | preceded = High Bridge | followed = 145th Street Bridge | design = swing[1] and camelback bridge | material = | material1 = | material2 = | length = {{convert|2540|ft|2}}[1] | width = | height = | depth = | traversable = | towpath = | mainspan = {{convert|408|ft|2}}[1] | number_spans = | piers_in_water = | load = | clearance_above = | clearance_below = | lanes = | life = | num_track = | track_gauge = | structure_gauge = | electrification = | architect = | designer = | contracted_designer = | winner = | engineering = | builder = | fabricator = | begin = | complete = | cost = $181 million[1] (rehabilitation) | open = {{start date|1895|5|1}}[1] | inaugurated = | rebuilt = | collapsed = | closed = | replaces = | replaced_by = | traffic = 38,183 (2016)[2] | toll = | map_type = | map_relief = | map_dot_label = | map_image = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = }} The Macombs Dam Bridge ({{IPAc-en|m|ə|ˈ|k|uː|m|z}} {{respell|mə|KOOMZ}}) spans the Harlem River in New York City, connecting the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx near Yankee Stadium. It is the third-oldest bridge in New York City[8] and, along with the 155th Street Viaduct, was designated a New York City Landmark in January 1992. The bridge is operated and maintained by the New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT). History and descriptionThe bridge is located {{convert|3.2|mi|km}} from the mouth of the Harlem River. It consists of a swing bridge over the Harlem River decorated with four finials and with stone end piers with shelter houses, and a camelback span over the railroad tracks on the Bronx side. The main swing span is {{convert|408|ft|m}} long and provides two shipping channels with {{convert|150|ft|m}} of horizontal clearance. When closed the bridge provides {{convert|25|ft|m}} of vertical clearance. The bridge's total length is {{convert|2540|ft|m}}. The current bridge is the most recent of several bridges in the area, the first of which – along with the since-demolished lock-and-dam system – opened in 1814. The wooden Central Bridge followed in 1861, to be replaced by the current bridge, which was also called the Central Bridge;[3] a plaque bearing this name still can be seen on the swing span. However the name never stuck. The old name of Macombs Dam Bridge remained in popular use, and the was officially renamed with its original moniker in 1902.[4][11] Construction began in 1890 and was completed in 1895[3] at a total cost of $1.3 million. The bridge, which was designed by consulting engineer Alfred Pancoast Boller,[5] opened on May 1, 1895.[6] The New York City Department of Transportation, which operates and maintains the bridge, began a $145 million renovation in 1999 and completed it in 2004.[7] It has four lanes for vehicular traffic and a sidewalk on each side for pedestrians.[4][6] At the western end of the bridge is a long steel viaduct[3] leading to the intersection of 155th Street and Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. Boulevard (Seventh Avenue), both of which end at the bridge. At the eastern end, a steel approach road leads to Jerome Avenue, which extends north into the Bronx and Westchester County. Immediately to the north of the bridge was the Putnam Bridge over which the now-demolished 9th Avenue El reached the Bronx and the IRT Jerome Avenue Line. The bridge was demolished in 1960 due to this section of the 9th Avenue El's ceasing operation in 1958. For 2011, the New York City Department of Transportation reported an average daily traffic volume in both directions of 44,311, with a peak of 55,609 in 1957.[8] Public transportationThe Macombs Dam Bridge carries the Bx6 and Bx6 SBS bus routes operated by MTA New York City Transit. The route's average weekday ridership is 21,973.[9] See also
ReferencesNotes1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/harlemrvbdrpt.pdf |title=New York City's Harlem River Bridges: The Reauthorization of the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century |author=Michael R. Bloomberg, City of New York |date=January 23, 2004 |accessdate=December 2, 2017}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/nyc-bridge-traffic-report-2016.pdf|title=New York City Bridge Traffic Volumes|last=|first=|date=2016|website=|publisher=New York City Department of Transportation|page=9|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=March 16, 2018}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite nycland}}, pp. 204-205 4. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.bridgesnyc.com/2010/03/macombs-dam-bridge/ |title=Macomb's Dam Bridge |year=2010 |publisher=bridgesnyc |accessdate=2014-01-17}} 5. ^{{cite aia5}}, p. 547 6. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=N.Y.C. Department of Transportation - Infrastructure - Harlem River Bridges|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/infrastructure/bridges-harlem.shtml#macombs|website=nyc.gov|publisher=New York City Department of Transportation|accessdate=12 January 2016}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Macombs Dam Bridge - Historic Overview|url=http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/macombs-dam/|website=nycroads.com|publisher=NYCRoads.com|accessdate=7 March 2018}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/bridgetrafrpt08.pdf |title=2008 New York City Bridge Traffic Volumes|date=March 2010 |page=74 | accessdate=2010-06-27| author=New York City Department of Transportation}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://web.mta.info/nyct/facts/ridership/ridership_bus.htm |title=Average Weekday NYC Transit Bus Ridership |year=2012 |publisher=MTA New York City Transit |accessdate=2012-07-04}} External links{{commons category|Macombs Dam Bridge}}
|structure = Crossings |place = Harlem River |bridge = Macombs Dam Bridge |bridge signs = |upstream = Concourse Tunnel |upstream signs = {{NYCS Concourse|time=bullets}} |downstream = 145th Street Bridge |downstream signs = }}{{NYC Bridge}} 10 : Swing bridges in the United States|Bridges in Manhattan|Bridges in the Bronx|Historic American Engineering Record in New York City|Road bridges in New York City|Pedestrian bridges in New York City|Bridges over the Harlem River|Bridges in New York City|Steel bridges in the United States|Concourse, Bronx |
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