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词条 Mac OS 9
释义

  1. Features

  2. Mac OS 9 and the Classic Environment

  3. Availability

  4. Other uses

  5. Version history

  6. Compatibility

  7. See also

  8. References

  9. External links

{{about|the ninth release of the classic Mac OS|version 10.9 of macOS (formerly OS X)|OS X Mavericks}}{{redirect|OS 9|other uses|OS9 (disambiguation)}}{{Infobox OS version
|name = Mac OS 9
|screenshot = Mac OS 9.0.4 emulated inside of the SheepShaver emulator.png
|family = Macintosh
|caption = Screenshot of Mac OS 9
|developer = Apple Computer, Inc.
|version of = classic Mac OS
|source_model = Closed source
|first_release_date = {{Start date and age|October 23, 1999}}
|first_release_url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081217080504/https://www.apple.com/ca/press/1999/10/os9.html
|working_state = Historic, not supported
|release_version = 9.2.2
|release_date = {{Start date and age|2001|12|05}}
|release_url = https://support.apple.com/kb/DL1293?locale=en_US
|preceded_by = Mac OS 8
|succeeded_by = {{plainlist|
  • Mac OS X (10.0)
  • Mac OS X Public Beta}}

|kernel_type = Nanokernel
|license = Proprietary
|website = {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001109004000/http://www.apple.com:80/macos/ |date=November 9, 2000 |title=Apple - Products - Mac OS 9}}
|support_status = Unsupported as of February 1, 2002
}}

Mac OS 9 is the ninth major release of Apple's classic Mac OS operating system. Introduced on October 23, 1999, it was promoted by Apple as "The Best Internet Operating System Ever",[7] highlighting Sherlock 2's Internet search capabilities, integration with Apple's free online services known as iTools and improved Open Transport networking. While Mac OS 9 lacks protected memory and full pre-emptive multitasking,[8] lasting improvements include the introduction of an automated Software Update engine and support for multiple users.

Apple discontinued development of Mac OS 9 in 2001, transitioning all future development to Mac OS X. The final updates to Mac OS 9 addressed compatibility issues with Mac OS X while running in the Classic Environment and compatibility with Carbon applications. At the 2002 World Wide Developers Conference, Steve Jobs began his keynote address by staging a mock funeral for OS 9.[9]

Features

Apple billed Mac OS 9 as including "50 new features" and heavily marketed its Sherlock 2 software, which introduced a "channels" feature for searching different online resources and introduced a QuickTime-like metallic appearance. Mac OS 9 also featured integrated support for Apple’s suite of Internet services known as iTools (later re-branded as .Mac, then MobileMe, which was replaced by iCloud) and included improved TCP/IP functionality with Open Transport 2.5.

Other features new to Mac OS 9 include:[10]

  • Integrated support for multiple user accounts without using At Ease.
  • Support for voice login through VoicePrint passwords.
  • Keychain, a feature allowing users to save passwords and textual data encrypted in protected keychains.
  • A Software Update control panel for automatic download and installation of Apple system software updates.
  • A redesigned Sound control panel and support for USB audio.
  • Speakable Items 2.0, also known as PlainTalk, featuring improved speech synthesis and recognition along with AppleScript integration.[11]
  • Improved font management through FontSync.
  • Remote Access Personal Server 3.5, including support for TCP/IP clients over Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP).
  • An updated version of AppleScript with support for TCP/IP.
  • Personal File Sharing over TCP/IP.
  • USB Printer Sharing, a control panel allowing certain USB printers to be shared across a TCP/IP network.
  • 128-bit file encryption in the Finder.
  • Support for files larger than 2 GB.
  • Unix volume support.
  • CD Burning in the Finder (introduced in Mac OS 9.1).
  • Addition of a "Window" menu to the Finder (introduced in Mac OS 9.1)

Mac OS 9 and the Classic Environment

{{main|Classic Environment}}

PowerPC versions of OS X prior to 10.5 include a compatibility layer (a shell) called Classic, enabling users to run applications and hardware requiring Mac OS 9 from within OS X. This is achieved through running Mac OS 9 without access to Finder inside OS X. This requires Mac OS 9 to be installed on the computer, even if computers that can run the Classic environment are not necessarily able to boot into Mac OS 9. Some Mac OS 9 applications do not run well in Classic. They demonstrate screen redraw problems and lagging performance. In addition, some drivers and other software which directly interact with the hardware fail to work properly.

In May 2002, at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference in San Jose, California, Steve Jobs, accompanied by a coffin, held a mock funeral[9] to announce that Apple had stopped development of Mac OS 9. Mac OS 9.2.2, released in December 2001, was the final version of Mac OS 9 and the "classic" Mac OS.

In June 2005, Jobs announced that the Macintosh platform would be transitioning to Intel x86 microprocessors. Developer documentation of the Rosetta PowerPC emulation layer revealed that applications written for Mac OS 8 or 9 would not run on x86-based Macs. The Classic Environment remains in the PowerPC version of OS X 10.4; however, x86 versions of OS X do not support the Classic environment.

As a workaround for Intel-based Macs, Mac OS 9 can be emulated up to version 9.0.4 by using SheepShaver, a PowerPC emulator. It cannot emulate versions newer than 9.0.4 because SheepShaver does not emulate a memory management unit. The PearPC PowerPC emulator does not support Mac OS 9.[12] Recently QEMU added support for emulating Mac OS 9 and PowerPC versions of OS X however.

Availability

While Mac OS 9 is no longer supported by Apple, retail copies are still available from several Internet businesses at varying prices.

Although now classed as abandonware, as development on it has ended, it is still in use by those who cannot upgrade to OS X due to hardware limitations or prefer it to OS X. Mac OS 9 is also a popular choice for retrocomputing hobbyists. Mac gamers also sometimes revert to Classic (often via emulation) or native OS 9 in order to play games that are not supported on OS X; for example: Bugdom, Nanosaur, Oregon Trail, Civilization II, and the Marathon Trilogy.

Other uses

{{Main article|Classic Mac OS#PowerPC emulation|List of computer system emulators#Apple Macintosh with PowerPC CPU}}

Aside from Apple-branded hardware that is still maintained and operated, Mac OS 9 can be operated in other environments such as Windows and Unix.[13] For example, the aforementioned SheepShaver software was not designed for use on x86 platforms and required an actual PowerPC processor present in the machine it was running on similar to a hypervisor. Although it provides PowerPC processor support, it can only run up to Mac OS 9.0.4 because it does not emulate a memory management unit.

Version history

Version Release Date Changes Codename Computer Price
[https://web.archive.org/web/20041113095034/https://developer.apple.com/technotes/tn/tn1176.html 9.0]October 23, 1999
  • Initial release
SonataiMac G399 USD
9.0.2February 2000

(Shipped with Macs)

  • Bug fixes.
rowspan="2" {{N/A}}PowerBook (FireWire)Only shipped with referred Macs
9.0.3March 2000

(Shipped with Macs)

iMac/iMac DV/iMac DV SE
[https://web.archive.org/web/20041012000629/https://developer.apple.com/technotes/tn/tn1194.html 9.0.4]April 4, 2000
  • Improved USB and FireWire support.
  • Other bug fixes.
MinuetiMac G3 (slot loading)Free Update
[https://web.archive.org/web/20041011070919/https://developer.apple.com/technotes/tn/tn2010.html 9.1]January 9, 2001
  • Integrated Disc Burning within Finder.
  • Implementation of Finder 'Window' menu.
  • Improved stability.
FortissimoiBook 14 inch and 12 inch
9.2June 18, 2001

(Shipped with Macs)

  • G3 processor as minimum system requirement.
  • Improved speed and Classic Environment support.
MoonlightPower Mac G4 (QuickSilver)Only shipped with referred Macs
9.2.1August 21, 2001
  • Minor bug fixes.
LimelightiBook (Late 2001), PowerBook G4 (Gigabit Ethernet)Free Update
9.2.2December 5, 2001
  • Bug fixes relating to Classic Environment.
LU1eMac

Updates to Mac OS 9 include 9.0.4, 9.1, 9.2.1, and 9.2.2. Mac OS 9.0.4 was a collection of bug fixes primarily relating to USB and FireWire support. Mac OS 9.1 included integrated CD burning support in the Macintosh Finder and added a new Window menu in the Finder for switching between open windows. Mac OS 9.2 increased performance noticeably and improved Classic Environment support. While Mac OS 9.2 is only officially supported on G3 Power Macs, it could still be installed on certain unsupported PowerPC models through the use of third-party software, such as Mac OS 9 Helper.[14]

Compatibility

Macintosh Model9.0[15]9.1[15]9.2.1[15]9.2.2[15]
Power Macintosh 6100rowspan="26" {{yes}}rowspan="3" {{yes}}: Must install from CDrowspan="25" colspan="2" {{no}}
Power Macintosh 7100
Power Macintosh 8100
PowerBook 2300rowspan="3" {{yes}}
PowerBook 2400c
PowerBook 5300
PowerBook 1400{{partial}}: Password Security unsupported
PowerBook 3400{{yes}}: Hard disk driver must not be updated
Power Macintosh 5200 LCrowspan="19" {{yes}}
Power Macintosh 5300 LC
Power Macintosh 5500
Power Macintosh 4400
Power Macintosh 6200
Power Macintosh 6300
Power Macintosh 6400
Power Macintosh 6500
Power Macintosh 7200
Power Macintosh 7300
Power Macintosh 7500
Power Macintosh 8500
Power Macintosh 7600
Power Macintosh 8600
Power Macintosh 9600
Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh
PowerBook G3
PowerBook G3 Seriesrowspan="3" {{yes}}rowspan="4" {{yes}}
PowerBook (FireWire){{yes}}: Machine-specific version only
PowerBook G4{{Ref label|A|A|1rowspan="13" {{no}}{{yes}}: Machine-specific version only
PowerBook G4 (Gigabit Ethernet){{Ref label|A|A|1{{no}}{{yes}}: Machine-specific version only
PowerBook G4 (DVI){{Ref label|A|A|1rowspan="11" colspan="2" {{no}}rowspan="2" {{yes}}: Machine-specific version only
PowerBook G4 (1 GHz/867 MHz){{Ref label|A|A|1
PowerBook G4 (12-inch){{Ref label|B|B|1rowspan="9" {{partial}}: Classic Environment only
PowerBook G4 (17-inch){{Ref label|B|B|1
PowerBook G4 (12-inch DVI){{Ref label|B|B|1
PowerBook G4 (12-inch 1.33 GHz){{Ref label|B|B|1
PowerBook G4 (12-inch 1.5 GHz){{Ref label|B|B|1
PowerBook G4 (15-inch FW 800){{Ref label|B|B|1
PowerBook G4 (15-inch 1.5/1.33 GHz){{Ref label|B|B|1
PowerBook G4 (17-inch 1.33 GHz){{Ref label|B|B|1
PowerBook G4 (17-inch 1.5 GHz){{Ref label|B|B|1
iBook{{yes}}rowspan="2" {{yes}}rowspan="4" {{yes}}rowspan="9" {{yes}}
iBook (FireWire){{yes}}: Machine-specific version only
iBook (Dual USB){{Ref label|A|A|1rowspan="11" {{no}}rowspan="2" {{yes}}: Machine-specific version only
iBook (Late 2001){{Ref label|A|A|1
iBook (14.1 LCD){{Ref label|A|A|1rowspan="9" colspan="1" {{no}}rowspan="9" {{partial}}: Classic Environment only
iBook (16 VRAM){{Ref label|A|A|1
iBook (Opaque 16 VRAM){{Ref label|A|A|1
iBook (32 VRAM){{Ref label|A|A|1
iBook (14.1 LCD 32 VRAM){{Ref label|A|A|1
iBook (Early 2003){{Ref label|A|A|1{{yes}}: Machine-specific version only
iBook G4{{Ref label|B|B|1rowspan="3" {{partial}}: Classic Environment only
iBook G4 (14-inch){{Ref label|B|B|1
iBook G4 (Early 2004){{Ref label|B|B|1
Power Macintosh G3 All-In-Onerowspan="6" colspan="4" {{yes}}
Power Macintosh G3
Power Macintosh G3 (Blue and White)
iMac G3
iMac G3 (266 MHz, 333 MHz)
iMac G3 (Slot Loading)
iMac G3 (Summer 2000){{yes}}: Machine-specific version only{{yes}}rowspan="3" colspan="2" {{yes}}
iMac G3 (Early 2001){{Ref label|A|A|1rowspan="2" {{no}}rowspan="2" {{yes}}: Machine-specific version only
iMac G3 (Summer 2001){{Ref label|A|A|1
iMac G4{{Ref label|A|A|1rowspan="11" colspan="3" {{no}}{{yes}}
iMac G4 (February 2003){{Ref label|B|B|1rowspan="6" {{partial}}: Classic Environment only
iMac G4 (17-inch 1 GHz){{Ref label|B|B|1
iMac G4 (USB 2.0){{Ref label|B|B|1
iMac G5{{Ref label|B|B|1
iMac G5 (Ambient Light Sensor){{Ref label|B|B|1
iMac G5 (iSight){{Ref label|B|B|1
eMac{{Ref label|A|A|1{{yes}}
eMac (ATI Graphics CD-ROM drive){{Ref label|A|A|1rowspan="2" {{yes}}: Machine-specific version only
eMac (ATI Graphics Combo drive){{Ref label|A|A|1
eMac (ATI Graphics SuperDrive){{Ref label|B|B|1{{partial}}: Classic Environment only
Power Mac G4 (PCI Graphics)rowspan="2" {{yes}}rowspan="4" colspan="3" {{yes}}
Power Mac G4 (AGP Graphics)
Power Mac G4 (Gigabit Ethernet)rowspan="2" {{yes}}: Machine-specific version only
Power Mac G4 Cube
Power Mac G4 (Digital Audio){{Ref label|A|A|1rowspan="2" {{no}}{{yes}}: Machine-specific version onlyrowspan="2" colspan="2" {{yes}}
Power Mac G4 (QuickSilver){{Ref label|A|A|1{{no}}
Power Mac G4 (QuickSilver 2002){{Ref label|A|A|1rowspan="10" colspan="3" {{no}}rowspan="2" {{yes}}: Machine-specific version only
Power Mac G4 (Mirrored Drive Doors){{Ref label|A|A|1
Power Mac G4 (FW 800){{Ref label|B|B|1{{partial}}: Classic Environment only
Power Mac G4 (Mirrored Drive Doors 2003){{Ref label|A|A|1{{yes}}: Machine-specific version only
Power Mac G5rowspan="6" {{partial}}: Classic Environment only
Power Mac G5 (June 2004)
Power Mac G5 (Late 2004)
Power Mac G5 (Early 2005)
Power Mac G5 (Late 2005)
Mac mini (G4){{Ref label|B|B|1
  1. {{note label|A|A|1|Some newest G3 and most G4 Macs can only run at least Mac OS 9.1, and some only run at least Mac OS 9.2. This is because the late development of G3 Macs and the mid-development of G4 Macs was during the development of Mac OS 9 and only the versions the G4 Macs support were designed to compatible with those G4 Macs.}}
  2. {{note label|B|B|1|Some newest G4 and all G5 Macs can only run at least Mac OS 9.2, and can only run its compatible versions of Mac OS 9 in OS X's Classic Environment because the "Mac OS ROM" was never updated to allow those Macs, which were developed during the OS X era, to directly boot it (but probably continued to run in userspace, with the restriction that it would only run at least Mac OS 9.2, so it was still supported in the Classic Environment).}}

See also

  • List of Apple operating systems

References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.applematters.com/article/october-23-1999-mac-os-9-released/|title=October 23, 1999: Mac OS 9 Released|publisher=AppleMatters|accessdate=2009-11-28}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://forums.macrumors.com/archive/index.php/t-244958.html|title= October 23, 1999: Mac OS 9 Released [Archive] - Mac Forums|accessdate=2009-11-28}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://forums.macrumors.com/showthread.php?t=244958|title=October 23, 1999: Mac OS 9 Released MacBytes.com|publisher=MacRumors.com|accessdate= 2009-11-28}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url= http://www.applematters.com/article/october-23-1999-mac-os-9-released/|title=October 23, 1999: Mac OS 9 Released|publisher=AppleMatters.com|accessdate=2009-11-28}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://forums.macrumors.com/archive/index.php/t-244958.htm|title= October 23, 1999: Mac OS 9 Released [Archive] - Mac Forums|publisher=MacRumors.com|accessdate= 2009-11-28}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url= http://forums.macrumors.com/showthread.php?t=244958|title=October 23, 1999: Mac OS 9 Released MacBytes.com|publisher=MacRumors.com|accessdate=2009-11-28}}
7. ^{{Cite web|url= http://www.applematters.com/article/october-23-1999-mac-os-9-released/|title=October 23, 1999: Mac OS 9 Released|publisher=AppleMatters.com|accessdate=2009-11-28}}
8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://lists.apple.com/archives/Mt-smp/2001/May/msg00007.html|title=Re: newbie question: What is a Blue Task|publisher=Apple.com|accessdate=2007-03-29|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013225430/http://lists.apple.com/archives/Mt-smp/2001/May/msg00007.html|archivedate=2007-10-13|df=}}
9. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cl7xQ8i3fc0|title=Apple WWDC 2002-The Death Of Mac OS 9|publisher=YouTube.com|accessdate=2010-03-16|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100418212841/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cl7xQ8i3fc0|archivedate=2010-04-18|df=}}
10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=50100|title=MacHelp What's New in Mac OS 9|publisher=Apple.com|accessdate=2007-03-29|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013225329/http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=50100|archivedate=2007-10-13|df=}}
11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=60519|title=Mac OS 9: What's New - Speakable Items|publisher=Apple.com|accessdate=2007-03-29|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013225335/http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=60519|archivedate=2007-10-13|df=}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://pearpc.sourceforge.net/faq.html|title=Frequently Asked Questions|publisher=PearPC Developers|accessdate=2006-11-16|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061115202931/http://pearpc.sourceforge.net/faq.html|archivedate=2006-11-15|df=}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=E-Maculation wiki|url=http://www.emaculation.com/doku.php/mac_emulation|accessdate=24 December 2012|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117033614/http://www.emaculation.com/doku.php/mac_emulation|archivedate=17 January 2013|df=}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://os9forever.com|title=Apple Mac Upgrades - RAM, SSD Flash, External Drives and More|author=|date=|website=os9forever.com|accessdate=3 May 2018|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311004707/http://www.os9forever.com/|archivedate=11 March 2012|df=}}
15. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=Mac OS 8 and 9 compatibility with Macintosh computers|publisher=Apple Inc.|url=http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1835|accessdate=2009-02-28|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304164253/http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1835|archivedate=2009-03-04|df=}}

External links

  • {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090330202327/http://developer.apple.com/technotes/tn/tn1176.html |date=March 30, 2009 |title=Technical Note TN1176 Mac OS 9 }} from apple.com
  • {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040223032942/http://developer.apple.com/technotes/tn/tn1194.html |date=February 23, 2004 |title=Technical Note TN1194: Mac OS 9.0.4 }} from apple.com
  • {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040404100228/http://developer.apple.com/technotes/tn/tn2010.html |date=April 4, 2004 |title=Technical Note TN2010: Mac OS 9.1 }} from apple.com
  • Mac OS 9 "Special Report" from MacInTouch{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
  • {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303150734/http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=75130 |title=Apple {{!}} iMac Firmware Update}}
  • [https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT1387 Free update download page from Apple]
{{Mac OS}}{{Apple Inc. operating systems}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Mac Os 9}}

3 : 1999 software|Classic Mac OS|PowerPC operating systems
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