请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Protests against Proposition 8 supporters
释义

  1. The ballot

  2. Candlelight vigils and pickets

  3. Boycotts

  4. Claims of religious bigotry

  5. Death threats and vandalism

     Anthrax hoax 

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. External links

Protests against Proposition 8 supporters in California took place starting in November 2008. These included prominent protests against the Roman Catholic church and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), which supported a stance in favor of California's Proposition 8.[1] The proposition was a voter referendum that amended the state constitution to recognize marriage only as being between one man and one woman, thus banning same-sex marriage, which was legal in the state following a May 2008 California Supreme Court case.[2]

The highly emotional, closely contested nature of the voter referendum created a political maelstrom that was unusual in intensity for its time. After closely passing, the backlash from those who opposed Proposition 8 was widely covered by news media and was considered highly controversial. Anti-Proposition 8 activists looked up supporters in state-government-required donation documentation, then posted their names and personal information, and organized protests at their places of work.[3] Many religious buildings were vandalized and Proposition 8 supporters received death threats, were mailed envelopes of white powder resembling anthrax, or lost their jobs or businesses. This method of shaming and forcing out Proposition 8 supporters was called a "mob veto" in a full-page advertisement in the New York Times which was signed by law professors, diplomats, civil rights activists, and heads of religious organizations, and others cited concerns about bigotry against those with religious beliefs.

The ballot

Proposition 8 added "Only marriage between a man and a woman is valid or recognized in California" to the California Constitution.[4] Proposition 8 was the most expensive proposition in United States history and sharply divided social conservatives and social liberals, as part of the ongoing American culture wars. The ballot initiative was approved by a majority (52%) of voters. Immediately same-sex marriages were halted and the legal status of the 18,000 same-sex couples was thrown into question. Supporters of the proposition included a coalition of religious and social conservatives that felt the court ruling had redefined marriage.

Those opposed to Proposition 8 argued that same-sex couples deserved the same public recognition and marriage rights that other couples are afforded, and that equality could not be achieved without state recognition in the form of marriage. On November 19, the California Supreme Court accepted three lawsuits challenging Proposition 8 but denied the requests to stay its enforcement.[5]

Candlelight vigils and pickets

As a result of the proposition's passage, there were a number of organized as well as autonomous protests directed against supporters of the proposition including marches, actions, vigils, boycotts and vandalism. The actions brought awareness to marriage rights issues for LGBT people and the role of tax-exempt churches in this political campaign. There has also been renewed debate in LGBT communities whether boycotting companies or organizations is an appropriate and effective response toward the proposition's supporters.[6][7][6]

Many anti-Proposition 8 protests, particularly those targeting the support of specific groups that supported Proposition 8, took the form of pickets or candlelight vigils.[7] A candlelight vigil by about 600 mothers of LGBT children was held at the Salt Lake Temple of the LDS Church in Salt Lake City, Utah, shortly following the passage of Proposition 8.[8][9]

Boycotts

Following the passage of the proposition, opponents obtained donation lists of those who had supported the ballot measure by contributing to the "Yes on 8" campaign, published the list, organized an activism group, and began calling for boycotts of the supporters' places of work.[3][10][11][12] While many were impacted, the following cases were documented in the media.

  • Marc Shaiman, a Broadway composer who had featured his musical; "Hairspray" at the California Musical Theatre, demanded other gay artists boycott the theatre over a $1000 personal donation the Artistic Director had made to the Pro Prop 8 campaign. The director resigned on November 15, 2008.[11][12][13]
  • The LA Film Festival publicly distanced itself from its own Director, who resigned on November 25, 2008.[12] The director had made a personal $1,500 donation to the Yes on 8.[11][14]
  • The El Coyote Restaurant in Los Angeles was picketed after it was learned that the daughter of its current owner had donated $100 to the Yes on 8 campaign. While pressured to resign, she refused.[6][15] The restaurant was popular as a late-night hangout for gay people, but was picketed after it was learned that she had donated $100 to the Yes on 8 campaign.[6][16][17]
  • The Sundance Film Festival, based in Park City, Utah has been the target of calls for boycotts.[12] Utah ranked second only to California itself for total donations in support of Proposition 8, while it ranked sixth for opposing donations, behind California and such heavily populated states as New York, Ohio, Illinois and Michigan.[18] Over the last two and a half weeks before the election, the Yes on 8 campaign received donations totaling $5 million coming from Utah residents.[19]
  • The Manchester Grand Hyatt Hotel in San Diego was boycotted after owner Doug Manchester donated $125,000 in support of Proposition 8. The boycott was against the Manchester Hyatt hotel specifically, and not against the Hyatt Hotel chain as a whole.[20]
  • Terry Caster, San Diego businessman, who persuaded Manchester to donate the $125,000 and who himself gave almost $700,000 to support Proposition 8. Caster built and owns the A-1 Self Storage Company, which gay-rights groups have also boycotted.[21]
  • William Bolthouse, Jr, founder of Bolthouse Farms, was forced out of the company for donating to the Proposition 8 campaign.[22]

Claims of religious bigotry

Some public figures, writers, media commentators, and individuals have expressed concern over the actions and the implications of targeting supporters of the proposition.[10][6] Supporters of the measure, such as Kathryn Lopez, editor of the National Review Online, and Jonah Goldberg, a Los Angeles Times columnist, have referred to some of the backlash as religious bigotry, especially since many of those targeted are members of the LDS Church.[10][23][24][25] Gregg Araki, an independent filmmaker who is gay, Jeff McDonald and John Marelius of the San Diego Union-Tribune, and others have articulated arguments depicting this characterization as misleading and provided possible justification of such actions.[6][25]

Various individuals and groups have decried actions by those opposed to Proposition 8:

  • The Becket Fund for Religious Liberty sponsored[26] a full-page ad in the New York Times titled "No Mob Veto" which read in part, "When thugs send white powder to terrorize any place of worship, especially those of a religious minority, responsible voices need to speak clearly: Religious wars are wrong; they are also dangerous." It was signed by 13 people.[27] The Human Rights Campaign responded to this, opposing violence but claiming that the ad distorted the truth when "they say we are in favor of mob intimidation and violence", suggesting that comments painted the entire opposition to Proposition 8 with the actions of a few.[28] Another full-page New York Times ad placed by Truth Wins Out in response to The Becket Fund page goes further, accusing that ad of "blatant falsehoods", as well as "spotlighting the religious bigotry of the ad's very own signers."[29]
  • Several opinion pieces condemn the tactics including "Editorial: Protest and civility in a democracy" from the Dallas Morning News,[30] "So Much for Tolerance" from Chuck Colson of the Christian Post,[31] and "California and Thank-A-Mormon Day" from John Reynolds of Biola University.[32]

Death threats and vandalism

Before the vote, Alan Autry (the mayor of Fresno) received an email containing death threats against both himself and Cornerstone Church Pastor Jim Franklin. This caused police to assign the pastor officers for his protection and motivated the mayor to obtain a bodyguard. According to Fresno's Police Chief Jerry Dyer, the email "did state as to why that threat was made and it was stemming from prop 8." Both Autry and Franklin were prominent Proposition 8 supporters. As of August 12, 2009, no arrests have been made.[33][34]

In the ten days following the November 4 election, seven houses of worship in Utah and ten buildings of the LDS Church in the Sacramento area were vandalized, including graffiti and meeting house glass doors shattered. According to the LDS Church spokesperson for the Sacramento area, the vandalism that they experienced in the ten days after the election was more than they usually get in an entire year.[10][35][36][37] A copy of the Book of Mormon, an LDS religious text, was found burning at the front of one of the church's meetinghouses.[35][37] The FBI investigated these events to determine whether a violation of civil rights had occurred.[36]

The windows on the Sundstrom family vehicle parked at their home in San Jose were painted "Bigots Live Here", "Stop Bigots", and "God Hates Haters". They had a "Protect Marriage Yes on 8 banner".[38] Several people had homes damaged- bricks thrown through house windows, graffiti, and cars damaged.[39]

An affiliate group of the radical trans/queer organization Bash Back! claims credit for pouring glue into the locks of an LDS meetinghouse and spray painting its walls. A Web posting signed by Bash Back!'s Olympia chapter said, "The Mormon church (just like most churches) is a cesspool of filth. It is a breeding ground for oppression of all sorts and needs to be confronted, attacked, subverted and destroyed."[40] According to the Chicago Tribune, the acts of vandalism against the LDS meetinghouse appeared to be in retaliation for support of Proposition 8.[40]

The Anti-Defamation League released a statement condemning the "defacement and destruction of property."[41]

Anthrax hoax

In November 2008, the United States Postal Service delivered envelopes containing white powder to two LDS temples (one in Los Angeles and one in Salt Lake City) and to the Knights of Columbus's national headquarters in New Haven, Connecticut, prompting a hazardous materials response and a federal domestic terrorism investigation.[37][63][42] The envelope to the Knights of Columbus had a postmark from California.[43] Both organizations were heavy backers of Proposition 8. The FBI has determined the substances were not biological agents, and FBI spokesman Special Agent Juan Becerra stated, "We've got to follow the evidence, and at this point we have not received anything that would lead us to believe the opponents of Prop. 8 are behind any kind of terroristic activity. It would be irresponsible to say that at this point."[44][45][46] (Anthrax toxin was used in the 2001 anthrax attacks against lawmakers and media members, killing five people. Since then, the FBI has investigated more than 1,000 anthrax hoaxes modeled on the mailings, which usually turn out to be harmless.[69][47])

The LDS Church and many newspapers blamed opponents of the marriage ban for sending the hoax mailings, while a group that also supported the measure condemned "acts of domestic terrorism against our supporters."[48] LGBT rights groups, such as Equality Utah and Equality California, have spoken out against the use of violence in protests, and note that the source of the "white powder" mailings has not been determined.[48][49]

See also

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
  • Americans United for Separation of Church and State
  • Californians Against Hate
  • Join the Impact
  • November 15, 2008 anti-Proposition 8 protests
  • Post-election events of Proposition 8 (2008)
  • Separation of church and state in the United States
{{div col end}}

References

1. ^Catholics, Mormons allied to pass Prop. 8
2. ^{{cite news |last= Dolan |first= Maura |title= California high court upholds Prop. 8 |url= http://articles.latimes.com/2009/may/27/local/me-gay-marriage27 |accessdate= May 30, 2011 |newspaper= Los Angeles Times |date= May 27, 2009}}
3. ^1 {{cite web|title=Prop 8 Donor Web Site Shows Disclosure Law Is 2-Edged Sword|publisher=New York Times|date=February 7, 2009|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/08/business/08stream.html}}
4. ^{{cite web |title= Text of Proposed Laws |year= 2008 |publisher= California Secretary of State |url= http://www.voterguide.sos.ca.gov/text-proposed-laws/text-of-proposed-laws.pdf#prop8 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20081106092932/http://www.voterguide.sos.ca.gov/text-proposed-laws/text-of-proposed-laws.pdf#prop8 |archivedate= 2008-11-06 |df= }}
5. ^{{cite news |url= http://www.courtinfo.ca.gov/presscenter/newsreleases/NR66-08.PDF |format= PDF |title= California Supreme Court Takes Action on Proposition 8 |date= 2008-11-19 |accessdate= 2008-11-19 |publisher= Judicial Council of California }}
6. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |title= Are We Being Bullies? Debate Rages Over Boycotts |first= Steve |last= Weinstein |publisher= Edge |url= http://www.edgeboston.com/index.php?ch=news&sc=&sc2=news&sc3=&id=83898 |date= 2008-11-25 |accessdate= 2008-11-26 }}
7. ^{{cite web |title= Anti-Prop 8 demonstrators protest near Mormon temple |first= Sean |last= Maher |publisher= Oakland Tribune |url= http://www.insidebayarea.com/ci_10943059?source=most_viewed |accessdate= 2008-12-24 |date= 2008-11-10 }}
8. ^{{cite journal|last1=Eskridge Jr.|first1=William N.|title=Latter-Day Constitutionalism: Sexuality, Gender, and Mormons|journal=Illinois Law Review|date=Sep 2016|volume=4|page=1269|url=https://illinoislawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Eskridge.pdf#page=43}}
9. ^{{cite web |title= LDS moms hold vigil against Prop. 8 |first= Budy |last= Blankenfeld |publisher= ABC4 |url= http://www.abc4.com/content/news/top%20stories/story/LDS-moms-hold-vigil-against-Prop-8/E81cQC526UaEWdX1G9N40A.cspx |accessdate= 2008-12-24 |date= 2008-11-02 }}
10. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |title= Protests, boycotts erupt in the wake of Prop. 8's passage |first= Mary Anne |last= Ostrom |publisher= The Mercury News |url= http://www.mercurynews.com/ci_10978482 |date= 2008-11-13 }}
11. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |title= Liberal Hollywood ponders next step in fight for same-sex marriage |first= Rachel |last= Abramowitz |publisher= Los Angeles Times |url= http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/front/la-et-shunned23-2008nov23,0,5732864.story |date= 2008-11-23 }}
12. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |title= Same-Sex Activists Target Sundance |first= Robert |last= Hofler |publisher= Variety |url= http://www.variety.com/index.asp?layout=festivals&jump=story&id=2470&articleid=VR1117996044&cs=1 |date= 2008-11-17 }}
13. ^{{cite web |title= Scott Eckern Releases Statement and Announces Resignation as Artistic Director for California Musical Theatre |publisher= CMT Press Release |url= https://www.broadwayworld.com/los-angeles/article/Scott-Eckern-Releases-Statement-and-Announces-Resignation-as-Artistic-Director-for-California-Musical-Theatre-20081112} |date= 2008-11-12 |accessdate= 2019-03-21 }}
14. ^{{cite news |title= L.A. Film Festival director Richard Raddon resigns |url= http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/la-et-raddonresigns26-2008nov26,0,5947908.story |publisher= Los Angeles Times |date= 2008-11-25 |first= Rachel |last= Abramowitz |accessdate= 2010-05-22 }}
15. ^http://fdlaction.firedoglake.com/2008/11/13/el-coyote-boycott-mormon-managers-explanation-makes-it-worse
16. ^http://www.frontiersla.com/News/Context/Story.aspx?id=1251277
17. ^{{cite news |url= https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123033766467736451 |work= The Wall Street Journal |first= Jim |last= Carlton |title= Gay Activists Boycott Backers of Prop 8 |date= 2008-12-27 }}
18. ^{{cite news |url= http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_11044453 |title= Utah money helped push Prop 8 spending to historic levels |publisher= The Salt Lake Tribune |date= 2008-11-22 |accessdate= 2008-11-29 }}
19. ^{{cite news |url= http://www.mercurynews.com/localnewsheadlines/ci_11071952 |title= State officials to investigate Mormon church's Prop. 8 campaign activities |publisher= The Mercury News |date= 2008-11-25 |accessdate= 2008-11-29 }}
20. ^{{cite news |last= Ainsworth |first= Bill |title= Gay rights groups to boycott Manchester Grand Hyatt |publisher= San Diego Union Tribune |date= 2008-07-10 |url= http://weblog.signonsandiego.com/news/metro/20080710-9999-1m10boycott.html |accessdate= 2009-06-16 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090324033153/http://weblog.signonsandiego.com/news/metro/20080710-9999-1m10boycott.html |archivedate= 2009-03-24 |df= }}
21. ^{{cite news |last= Karger |first= Fred |title= First Anniversary of Boycott Against Doug Manchester |publisher= The Huffington Post |date= 2009-07-18 |url= http://www.huffingtonpost.com/fred-karger/first-anniversary-of-boyc_b_239054.html }}
22. ^{{cite web|title=Carrot firm's olive branch|publisher=Los Angeles Times|date=October 9, 2008|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2008/oct/09/local/me-juice9 }}
23. ^{{cite web |title= Mormons in the crosshairs |first= Kathryn |last= Lopez |publisher= The Register-Mail |url= http://www.galesburg.com/opinions/x1720673898/Mormons-in-the-crosshairs |date= 2008-11-30 }}
24. ^{{cite news |title= An ugly attack on Mormons |publisher= Los Angeles Times |first= Jonah |last= Goldberg |date= 2008-12-02 |url= http://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/sunday/la-oe-goldberg2-2008dec02,1,5061334.column }}
25. ^1 {{cite web |title= Prop. 8 result energizes gay-rights supporters |first= Jeff |last= McDonald |publisher= San Diego Union-Tribune |url= http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/state/20081115-9999-1n15prop8.html |date= 2008-11-15 }}
26. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.coloradoindependent.com/2008/12/11/gay-groups-cry-foul-on-new-york-times-no-mob-veto-ad-claims/ |title=Gay groups cry foul on New York Times 'No Mob Veto' ad claims - The Colorado Independent |format= |work= |accessdate=2019-03-21}}
27. ^{{cite web|title=Web Archive capture of ad text from official website, NoMobVeto.org |url=http://nomobveto.org/nytad.php |accessdate=2016-01-26 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218073634/http://nomobveto.org/nytad.php |archivedate=December 18, 2008 }}
28. ^{{cite web |title= Demand the Truth |url= http://www.hrc.org/news/11623.htm |date= 2008-12-05 |accessdate= 2008-12-24 }}
29. ^{{cite web |title= Lies |publisher= Truth Wins Out |accessdate= 2008-12-24 |url= http://www.truthwinsout.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/two_ad_large.jpg }}
30. ^{{cite web |title= Editorial: Protest and civility in a democracy |publisher= Dallas Morning News |date= 2008-11-19 |url= http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/dn/opinion/editorials/stories/DN-protest_20edi.State.Edition1.1de0d20.html }}
31. ^{{cite web |title= So Much for Tolerance |first= Chuck |last= Colson |date= 2008-11-15 |url= http://christianpost.com/article/20081115/so-much-for-tolerance.htm }}
32. ^{{cite web |title= California and Thank-A-Mormon Day |first= John Mark |last= Reynolds |publisher= Biola University |url= http://www.scriptoriumdaily.com/2008/11/05/california-and-thank-a-mormon-day/ }}
33. ^{{cite web |title= Prop 8 Death Threats |url= http://abclocal.go.com/kfsn/story?section=news/local&id=6479879 |publisher= ABC Local Fresno News TV30 }}
34. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sacbee.com/101/story/1382472.html |title=Death threats against pastor in wake of Prop. 8 vote |date=2008-11-09 |accessdate=2009-04-04 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081112043118/http://www.sacbee.com/101/story/1382472.html |archivedate=November 12, 2008 }}
35. ^1 {{cite web|title=More than mischief: Are recent acts of church vandalism tied to bigotry? |publisher=Salt Lake Tribune |first=Steve |last=Gehrke |url=http://www.sltrib.com/News/ci_11062015?source=rss |date=2008-11-24 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604174839/http://www.sltrib.com/News/ci_11062015?source=rss |archivedate=June 4, 2011 }}
36. ^1 {{cite web|title=Wall tagged outside Farmington LDS building |publisher=Salt Lake Tribune |first=Steve |last=Gehrke |url=http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_11041943 |date=2008-11-22 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604174852/http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_11041943 |archivedate=June 4, 2011 }}
37. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Feds investigate vandalism at Mormon sites |publisher=The Sacramento Bee |first=Jennifer |last=Garza |url=http://www.sacbee.com/crime/story/1399018.html |date=2008-11-14 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222214402/http://www.sacbee.com/crime/story/1399018.html |archivedate=February 22, 2009 }}
38. ^{{cite web|title=Same-sex marriage debate growing ugly in San Jose and beyond|publisher=Mercury News|date=October 21, 2008|url=http://www.mercurynews.com/2008/10/21/same-sex-marriage-debate-growing-ugly-in-san-jose-and-beyond/}}
39. ^{{cite web|title=The Price of Proposition 8|publisher=The Heritage Foundation|date=October 22, 2009|url=http://www.heritage.org/marriage-and-family/report/the-price-prop-8}}
40. ^1 {{cite news|title=Radical Gay Activist Group Plans More Disruptions |publisher=Chicago Tribune |url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/2008/nov/20/news/chi-ap-mi-gayactivistprotes |date=November 20, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091116125804/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/2008/nov/20/news/chi-ap-mi-gayactivistprotes |archivedate=November 16, 2009 }}
41. ^{{cite web |title= ADL Condemns Criminal Activity Targeting Religious Institutions That Supported Proposition 8 |publisher= Anti-Defamation League |date= 2008-11-10 |url= http://news.prnewswire.com/ViewContent.aspx?ACCT=109&STORY=/www/story/11-10-2008/0004922404& }}
42. ^{{cite web |title= FBI sending suspicious powder to headquarters |publisher= Deseret News |first= Ben |last= Winslow |url= http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,705263818,00.html |date= 2009-11-17 }}
43. ^{{cite web |title= Suspicious White Powder sent to Catholic Organization |url= http://www.abc4.com/content/news/top%20stories/story/Suspicious-white-powder-sent-to-Catholic/2MqsWdKnmEGSY7tHcSoQAw.cspx |publisher= ABC channel 4 (KTVX) }}
44. ^1 {{cite web |title= FBI to run more tests on mystery substance mailed to LDS Church |publisher= Deseret News |first= Ben |last= Winslow |url= http://deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,705263982,00.html |date= 2008-12-10 }}
45. ^{{cite web |url=http://deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,705262822,00.html |title= Powder scares at 2 LDS temples, Catholic Plant |publisher= Deseret News |date= November 14, 2008 |accessdate= November 14, 2008 }}
46. ^{{cite news |url= https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2008-11-13-1443771499_x.htm |title= White powder sent to Mormon temples in Utah, LA |publisher= USA Today |date= 2008-11-13 |accessdate= 2008-03-20 }}
47. ^Anthrax hoaxes pile up, as does their cost By Bob Drogin, Los Angeles Times, March 8, 2009.
48. ^1 2 {{cite web |title= Mormon church blames powder hoax on gays: Leaders say opponents of marriage ban are behind the mailings |publisher= Associated Press |date= 15 November 2008 |url= http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27727558/ |access-date= 2016-10-12 }}
49. ^{{cite web|title=GLBT Advocates Condemn Attacks on LDS Church |publisher=KCPW |first=Elizabeth |last=Ziegler |url=http://www.kcpw.org/article/7009 |date=2008-11-14 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218074133/http://www.kcpw.org/article/7009 |archivedate=December 18, 2008 }}

External links

{{LGBT in California}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Protests Against Proposition 8 Supporters}}

7 : 2008 California Proposition 8|Boycotts|Criticism of Mormonism|Latter Day Saint movement in California|Political controversies in the United States|Protests in the United States|Anti-Christian sentiment in the United States
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/22 10:32:06