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词条 Prunum
释义

  1. Species

  2. References

  3. External links

{{Italic title}}{{Taxobox
| name = Prunum
| image = Prunum fulminatum 001.jpg
| image_caption = Prunum fulminatum
| regnum = Animalia
| phylum = Mollusca
| classis = Gastropoda
| unranked_superfamilia = clade Caenogastropoda
clade Hypsogastropoda
clade Neogastropoda
| superfamilia = Muricoidea
| familia = Marginellidae
| subfamilia = Marginellinae
| genus = Prunum
| genus_authority = Herrmannsen, 1852{{No-gastropod-genus-ref}}
| synonyms_ref = [1]
| synonyms =
  • Egouena Jousseaume, 1875
  • Leptegouana Woodring, 1928
  • Marginella (Prunum) H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
  • Marginellona (Volvarina) Woodring, 1928
  • Porcellanella Tryon, 1882

| type_species = Prunum prunum Gmelin, J.F., 1791
}}Prunum is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Marginellidae, the margin snails.[1]

The separation between the genera Prunum and Volvarina is not very precise. They form together a monophyletic clade. The differences between these two genera are based on differences in the morphology of the shell, the radula, the radular cartilage, the mantle and the internal anatomy.[2] A rather arbitrary criterion is currently used to distinguish between the two genera. The large species with a strong callus are placed in Prunum, the slender species with a thin callus in Volvarina, leaving in between many ambiguous species. To date (2010) there is no phylogenetic analysis behind the current generic placements [1]

Species

Species within the genus Prunum include:[1]

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
  • Prunum abyssorum (Tomlin, 1916)[3]
  • Prunum albertoangelai Cossignani, 2005[4]
  • Prunum albertoi Espinosa & Ortea, 1998[5]
  • Prunum albuminosa (Dall, 1919)
  • Prunum aletes Roth, 1978
  • Prunum amabile (Redfield, 1852)[6]
  • Prunum amphorale de Souza, 1992
  • Prunum amygdalum Kiener[7]
  • Prunum annulatum (Reeve, 1865)
  • Prunum antillanum (Sarasúa, 1992)[8]
  • Prunum apicinum (Menke, 1828)[9]
  • Prunum augusta (Thiele, 1925)
  • Prunum bahiense (Tomlin 1917)
  • Prunum batabanoense Espinosa & Ortea, 2002
  • Prunum bayonai Cossignani, 2009[10]
  • Prunum beali (McGinty, 1940)
  • Prunum bellulum (Dall, 1890)
  • Prunum boreale (A. E. Verrill, 1884)[11]
  • Prunum cahuitaensis Magana, Espinosa & Ortea, 2003[12]
  • Prunum caledonicum Cossignani, 2001[13]
  • Prunum camachoi Espinosa & Ortea, 2003[14]
  • Prunum canasense Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011
  • Prunum caneli Espinosa, Ortea & Fernadez-Garcés, 2007[15]
  • Prunum canilla (Dall, 1927)
  • Prunum carneum (Storer, 1837)[16]
  • Prunum cassis (Dall, 1889)[17]
  • Prunum catochense Cossignani, 2004[18]
  • Prunum chagosi Hayes & Boyer, 1997
  • Prunum chumi Espinosa & Ortea, 2000[19]
  • Prunum cinctum (Kiener, 1834)
  • Prunum cineraceum (Dall, 1889)
  • Prunum circumvittatum (Weisbord, 1962)
  • Prunum coltrorum Cossignani, 2005[20]
  • Prunum conchibellum Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010
  • Prunum cubanum Sarasúa & Espinosa, 1977[21]
  • Prunum curtum (G.B. Sowerby, 1832)
  • Prunum damasoi Cossignani, 2006[22]
  • Prunum dawnbrinkae Massier, 1993
  • Prunum dinisioi Cossignani, 2006[23]
  • Prunum enriquevidali Espinosa & Ortea, 1995
  • Prunum estafaniae Pérez-Dionis, Ortea & Espinosa, 2009
  • Prunum evelynae (Bayer, 1943)
  • Prunum flori Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010
  • Prunum fortunatum (Clover & Macca, 1990)
  • Prunum frumari Petuch & Sargent, 2012
  • Prunum fulgidum Lussi & Smith, 1999[24]
  • Prunum fulminatum (Kiener, 1841)
  • Prunum gijon Espinosa & Ortea, 2006[25]
  • Prunum goliat Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011
  • Prunum gorgonense Roth, 1978
  • Prunum guttatum (Dillwyn, 1817)[26]
  • Prunum hartleyanum (Schwengel, 1941)
  • Prunum holandae Espinosa & Ortea, 1999[27]
  • Prunum humboldti Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2009[28]
  • Prunum javii Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2013
  • Prunum josealejandroi Espinosa, Moro & Ortea, 2011
  • Prunum labiatum (Kiener, 1841)[29]
  • Prunum labrosum (Redfield, 1870)
  • Prunum lalanai Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
  • Prunum leonardhilli Petuch, 1990
  • Prunum lipei (Clover, 1990)[30]
  • Prunum lizanoi Magana, Espinosa & Ortea, 2003[31]
  • Prunum lorenae Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
  • Prunum mabellae (Melvill & Standen, 1901)
  • Prunum macleani Roth, 1978
  • Prunum magnificum (Sarasúa, 1989)[32]
  • Prunum marginatum (Born, 1778)
  • Prunum mariateresae Cossignani, 2009[33]
  • Prunum martini (Petit, 1853)
  • Prunum mingueloi Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
  • Prunum monile (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Prunum montseae Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2014
  • Prunum nataliae Pérez-Dionis, Ortea & Espinosa, 2009
  • Prunum negoi Cossignani, 2005[34]
  • Prunum niciezai Espinosa & Ortea, 1998[35]
  • Prunum nivosum (Hinds, 1844)[36]
  • Prunum nobilianum (Bayer, 1943)
  • Prunum oblongum (Swainson, 1829) (nomen dubium)
  • Prunum olivaeforme (Kiener, 1834)
  • Prunum pacotalaverai Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2014
  • Prunum pellucidum (Pfeiffer, 1840)
  • Prunum pergrandis (Clover, 1974)
  • Prunum pinerum Sarasúa & Espinosa, 1977
  • Prunum poulosi Lipe, 1996
  • Prunum pruinosum (Hinds, 1844)[37]
  • Prunum prunum (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Prunum pulchrum (Gray, 1839)
  • Prunum pulidoi Espinosa & Ortea, 1999[38]
  • Prunum pyrumoides Lussi & Smith, 1999[39]
  • Prunum quelimanensis Bozzetti, 2001
  • Prunum quinteroi Espinosa & Ortea, 1999[40]
  • Prunum redfieldii (Tryon, 1882)[41]
  • Prunum roscidum (Redfield, 1860)[42]
  • Prunum rostratum (Redfield, 1870)[43]
  • Prunum rubens (Martens, 1881)
  • Prunum sapotilla (Hinds, 1844)
  • Prunum saulcyanum (Petit, 1851)
  • Prunum sauliae (G.B. Sowerby II, 1846)
  • Prunum smalli Espinosa & Ortea, 2002[44]
  • Prunum storeria (Couthouy, 1837)
  • Prunum succineum (Conrad, 1846)
  • Prunum tacoense Espinosa & Ortea, 2014
  • Prunum terverianum (Petit, 1851)
  • Prunum tethys Lussi & Smith, 1999[45]
  • Prunum thalassicola Espinosa, Ortea & Fernadez-Garcés, 2007[46]
  • Prunum torticulum (Dall, 1881)[47]
  • Prunum virginianum (Conrad, 1868)
  • Prunum walvisianum (Tomlin, 1920)
  • Prunum woodbridgei (Hertlein & Strong, 1951)
{{div col end}}
Species brought into synonymy
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
  • Prunum abbreviatum (C.B. Adams, 1850) : synonym of Volvarina lactea (Kiener, 1841)
  • Prunum adelum (Thiele, 1925) : synonym of Volvarina adela (Thiele, 1925)
  • Prunum aguayoi Ortea & Espinosa, 1996 : synonym of Prunum lipei (Clover, 1990)
  • Prunum agulhasensis Thiele, 1925 : synonym of Hydroginella agulhasensis (Thiele, 1925)
  • Prunum alabaster Reeve, 1865 : synonym of Volvarina rubella navicella Reeve, 1865
  • Prunum ameliensis (Tomlin 1917) : synonym of Volvarina ameliensis (Tomlin, 1917)
  • Prunum attenuatum (Reeve, 1865) : synonym of Volvarina attenuata (Reeve, 1865)
  • Prunum avenacea (Deshayes, 1844): synonym of Prunum bellulum (Dall, 1890)
  • Prunum avenella (Dall, 1881):[48] synonym of Volvarina avenella (Dall, 1881)
  • Prunum avenellum (Dall, 1881): synonym of Volvarina avenella (Dall, 1881)
  • Prunum batabanoensis Espinosa & Ortea, 2002:[49] synonym of Prunum batabanoense Espinosa & Ortea, 2002
  • Prunum bellum (Conrad, 1868):[50] synonym of Prunum avenacea (Deshayes, 1844)
  • Prunum caerulescens Lamarck, 1822 : synonym of Prunum prunum (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Prunum canellum (Jousseaume, 1875): synonym of Prunum rostratum (Redfield, 1870)
  • Prunum cantharus Reeve, 1865 : synonym of Prunum capensis (Krauss, 1848)
  • Prunum capensis (Krauss, 1848) : synonym of Volvarina capensis (Krauss, 1848)
  • Prunum carnum Storer, 1837 : synonym of Prunum carneum (Storer, 1837)
  • Prunum charbarensis (Melvill, 1897) : synonym of Volvarina charbarensis (Melvill, 1897)
  • Prunum colomborum Bozzetti, 1995 : synonym of Marginella colomborum (Bozzetti, 1995)
  • Prunum conchibellus Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010 : synonym of Prunum conchibellum Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2010
  • Prunum crassilabrum (G.B. Sowerby I, 1846) : synonym of Prunum labrosum (Redfield, 1870)
  • Prunum deliciosum (Bavay in Dautzenberg, 1912) : synonym of Volvarina deliciosa (Bavay in Dautzenberg, 1913)
  • Prunum evax Li, 1930 : synonym of Prunum sapotilla (Hinds, 1844)
  • Prunum exile (Gmelin, 1791) : synonym of Volvarina exilis (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Prunum fraterculus E.A. Smith, 1915 : synonym of Prunum martini (Petit, 1853)
  • Prunum hartleyanum (Schwengel, 1941):[51] synonym of Prunum virginianum hartleyana (Schwengel, 1941)
  • Prunum helena Thiele, 1925 : synonym of Hyalina helena (Thiele, 1925)
  • Prunum hoffi Moolenbeek & Faber, 1991 : synonym of Canalispira hoffi (Moolenbeek & Faber, 1991)
  • Prunum hondurasense (Reeve, 1865) : synonym of Prunum pulchrum (Gray, 1839)
  • Prunum hondurasensis (Reeve, 1865) : synonym of Prunum pulchrum (Gray, 1839)
  • Prunum insulanum (Gofas & Fernandes, 1988) : synonym of Volvarina insulana Gofas & Fernandes, 1988
  • Prunum joubini Bavay, 1913 : synonym of Prunum bahiense (Tomlin, 1917)
  • Prunum keenii Marrat, 1871 : synonym of Hyalina keenii (Marrat, 1871)
  • Prunum laetitium (Thiele, 1925) : synonym of Volvarina laetitia (Thiele, 1925)
  • Prunum longivaricosa Lamarck, 1822 : synonym of Prunum guttatum (Dillwyn, 1817)
  • Prunum marianae Bozzetti, 1999 : synonym of Prunum pyrumoides Lussi & G. Smith, 1999
  • Prunum olivaeformis (Kiener, 1834) : synonym of Prunum olivaeforme (Kiener, 1834)
  • Prunum riparia Gofas & Fernandes, 1992 : synonym of Volvarina riparia Gofas & Fernandes, 1992
  • Prunum roberti (Bavay, 1917) : synonym of Volvarina roberti (Bavay, 1917)
  • Prunum roosevelti Bartsch & Rehder, 1939 : synonym of Prunum amabile (Redfield, 1852)
  • Prunum serrei Bavay, 1913 : synonym of Volvarina serrei (Bavay, 1913)
  • Prunum sowerbyanum Petit, 1851 : synonym of Prunum monile (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Prunum styrium Dall, 1889 : synonym of Volvarina styria (Dall, 1889)
  • Prunum succinea (Conrad, 1846):[52] synonym of Prunum succineum (Conrad, 1846)
  • Prunum tacoensis Espinosa & Ortea, 2014: synonym of Prunum tacoense Espinosa & Ortea, 2014
  • Prunum yucatecana (Dall, 1881) : synonym of Dentimargo yucatecanus (Dall, 1881)
{{div col end}}

References

1. ^1 2 3 {{WRMS species|160009|Prunum Herrmannsen, 1852||23 January 2011}}
2. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=pFlJjUfs6GgC&pg=PA159 Jeremy B.C. Jackson, Scott Lidgard, and Frank K. McKinney, Evolutionary patterns : growth, form and tempo in the fossil record, The University of Chicago Press, 2001] {{ISBN|0-226-38930-8}}
3. ^{{WRMS species|420146|Prunum abyssorum (Tomlin, 1916)||24 April 2010}}
4. ^{{WRMS species|389777|Prunum albertoangelai Cossignani, 2005||24 April 2010}}
5. ^{{WRMS species|457231|Prunum albertoi Espinosa & Ortea, 1998||24 April 2010}}
6. ^{{WRMS species|420147|Prunum amabile (Redfield, 1852)||24 April 2010}}
7. ^{{WRMS species|224431|Prunum amygdala Kiener||24 April 2010}}
8. ^{{WRMS species|420148|Prunum antillanum (Sarasúa, 1992)||24 April 2010}}
9. ^{{WRMS species|420149|Prunum apicinum (Menke, 1828)||24 April 2010}}
10. ^{{WRMS species|457140|Prunum bayonai Cossignani, 2009||24 April 2010}}
11. ^{{WRMS species|160011|Prunum boreale (A. E. Verrill, 1884)||24 April 2010}}
12. ^{{WRMS species|388332|Prunum Cahuitaensis Magana, Espinosa & Ortea, 2003||24 April 2010}}
13. ^{{WRMS species|457124|Prunum caledonicum Cossignani, 2001||24 April 2010}}
14. ^{{WRMS species|388333|Prunum Camachoi Espinosa & Ortea, 2003||24 April 2010}}
15. ^{{WRMS species|457281|Prunum caneli Espinosa, Ortea & Fernadez-Garcés, 2007||24 April 2010}}
16. ^{{WRMS species|420152|Prunum carneum (Storer, 1837)||24 April 2010}}
17. ^{{WRMS species|420153|Prunum cassis (Dall, 1889)||24 April 2010}}
18. ^{{WRMS species|388670|Prunum catochense Cossignani, 2004||24 April 2010}}
19. ^{{WRMS species|457253|Prunum chumi Espinosa & Ortea, 2000||24 April 2010}}
20. ^{{WRMS species|389778|Prunum coltrorum Cossignani, 2005||24 April 2010}}
21. ^{{WRMS species|420154|Prunum cubanum Sarasúa & Espinosa, 1977||24 April 2010}}
22. ^{{WRMS species|390513|Prunum damasoi Cossignani, 2006||24 April 2010}}
23. ^{{WRMS species|390514|Prunum dinisioi Cossignani, 2006||24 April 2010}}
24. ^{{WRMS species|457785|Prunum fulgidum Lussi & Smith, 1999||24 April 2010}}
25. ^{{WRMS species|420155|Prunum gijon Espinosa & Ortea, 2006||24 April 2010}}
26. ^{{WRMS species|420156|Prunum guttatum (Dillwyn, 1817)||24 April 2010}}
27. ^{{WRMS species|457238|Prunum holandae Espinosa & Ortea, 1999||24 April 2010}}
28. ^{{WRMS species|457294|Prunum humboldti Espinosa, Ortea & Moro, 2009||24 April 2010}}
29. ^{{WRMS species|420158|Prunum labiatum (Kiener, 1841)||24 April 2010}}
30. ^{{WRMS species|420159|Prunum lipei (Clover, 1990)||24 April 2010}}
31. ^{{WRMS species|388334|Prunum lizanoi Magana, Espinosa & Ortea, 2003||24 April 2010}}
32. ^{{WRMS species|420160|Prunum magnificum (Sarasúa, 1989)||24 April 2010}}
33. ^{{WRMS species|457141|Prunum mariateresae Cossignani, 2009||24 April 2010}}
34. ^{{WRMS species|389779|Prunum negoi Cossignani, 2005||24 April 2010}}
35. ^{{WRMS species|420161|Prunum niciezai Espinosa & Ortea, 1998||24 April 2010}}
36. ^{{WRMS species|420162|Prunum nivosum (Hinds, 1844)||24 April 2010}}
37. ^{{WRMS species|420163|Prunum pruinosum (Hinds, 1844)||24 April 2010}}
38. ^{{WRMS species|457239|Prunum pulidoi Espinosa & Ortea, 1999||24 April 2010}}
39. ^{{WRMS species|457786|Prunum pyrumoides Lussi & Smith, 1999||24 April 2010}}
40. ^{{WRMS species|457240|Prunum quinteroi Espinosa & Ortea, 1999||24 April 2010}}
41. ^{{WRMS species|420164|Prunum redfieldii (Tryon, 1882)||24 April 2010}}
42. ^{{WRMS species|160012|Prunum roscidum (Redfield, 1860)||24 April 2010}}
43. ^{{WRMS species|420165|Prunum rostratum (Redfield, 1870)||24 April 2010}}
44. ^{{WRMS species|387806|Prunum smalli Espinosa & Ortea, 2002||24 April 2010}}
45. ^{{WRMS species|457787|Prunum tethys Lussi & Smith, 1999||24 April 2010}}
46. ^{{WRMS species|457282|Prunum thalassicola Espinosa, Ortea & Fernadez-Garcés, 2007||24 April 2010}}
47. ^{{WRMS species|420167|Prunum torticulum (Dall, 1881)||24 April 2010}}
48. ^{{WRMS species|420150|Prunum avenella (Dall, 1881)||24 April 2010}}
49. ^{{WRMS species|387805|Prunum Batabanoensis Espinosa & Ortea, 2002||24 April 2010}}
50. ^{{WRMS species|420151|Prunum bellum (Conrad, 1868)||24 April 2010}}
51. ^{{WRMS species|420157|Prunum hartleyanum (Schwengel, 1941)||24 April 2010}}
52. ^{{WRMS species|420166|Prunum succinea (Conrad, 1846)||24 April 2010}}
  • Cossignani T. (2006). Marginellidae & Cystiscidae of the World. L'Informatore Piceno. 408pp

External links

{{Taxonbar|from=Q3005668}}

1 : Marginellidae
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