| 词条 | Madang | |||
| 释义 |
| official_name = Madang | other_name = | settlement_type = Town | motto = | image_skyline = Madang Lighthouse.jpg | imagesize = 300px | image_caption = Coastwatchers Memorial Lighthouse, Kalibobo, Madang | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_map = Papua New Guinea | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Papua New Guinea | pushpin_mapsize = 300 | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{Flag|Papua New Guinea}} | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = Madang Province | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Madang District | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | established_title = Established | established_date = 1884 | area_magnitude = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | population_as_of = 2013 | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 29339 | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone1 = AEST | utc_offset1 = +10 | timezone1_DST = | utc_offset1_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|5|13|S|145|48|E|region:PG|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 3 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | blank_name = Climate | blank_info = Af | website = | footnotes = }} Madang (old German name: Friedrich-Wilhelmshafen[1]) is the capital of Madang Province and is a town with a population of 27,420 (in 2005) on the north coast of Papua New Guinea. It was first settled by the Germans in the 19th century. HistoryRussian biologist Nicholai Miklukho-Maklai was probably the first European to visit the area. In 1871 he stayed at Astrolabe Bay south of present-day Madang for 15 months. He had a good relationship with the local communities before leaving, suffering from malaria. In April 1884 an expedition by the German New Guinea Company led by Otto Finsch and Eduard Dallmann arrived and named the landing point "Friedrich Wilhelmshafen"; however, they felt that the area was unsuitable for a settlement. A subsequent survey in 1888 mentioned good soil conditions that would make a coffee plantation possible. In the summer of 1891 a station was built and by September 1892 was the seat of the provincial administration; however, the Imperial Government Commissioner remained at Stephansort, some 23 kilometers away due to concerns about malaria. The name of "Madang" was used by Papuan natives who had accompanied the German administrators after their home island and only became the official name of the settlement towards the end of the German administration. Although the settlement was expanded from 1893-1894 with warehouses, a sawmill, hospital and other facilities, (including an ox-drawn railway to Stephansort) various ventures, such as the coffee plantations and atap palm processing proved economically ruinous, due to malaria and inclement climate. From 1895 and 1896 several German warships were stationed here for a survey of surrounding waters, during which time a total of 295 men came down with malaria. In 1899 the capital of the New Guinea Company was transferred to Herbertshöhe on the island of New Pomerania (now New Britain). Following World War I, the area was turned over to Australia as part of the League of Nations mandated Territory of New Guinea. The Imperial Japanese Army captured Madang without a fight during World War II in 1942. In September 1943, Australian forces launched a sustained campaign to retake the Finisterre Range and Madang. The town was captured on April 24, 1944, but during the fighting and occupation it was virtually destroyed and had to be rebuilt afterwards. NGO presence in MadangMadang is viewed by many in the country as being safer and more pleasant for expatriates than the larger cities of Lae and Port Moresby. Because of this, some NGOs have chosen Madang as the location of their main offices in country. CUSO (a Canadian NGO) and VSO (a British NGO) both have their headquarters in Madang. Save the Children, WWF, and World Vision are also present with branch offices in Madang. As a consequence Madang has a larger number of expatriates working and living in the town than its small population would suggest. Transport{{Main|Madang Airport}}Climate{{Weather box| location = Madang | single line = Yes | metric first = Yes |Jan record high C = 33.2 |Feb record high C = 33.3 |Mar record high C = 33.3 |Apr record high C = 33.7 |May record high C = 32.2 |Jun record high C = 32.2 |Jul record high C = 31.5 |Aug record high C = 31.7 |Sep record high C = 33.4 |Oct record high C = 31.7 |Nov record high C = 32.5 |Dec record high C = 33.6 |year record high C = 33.7 |Jan high C = 30.8 |Feb high C = 30.6 |Mar high C = 30.6 |Apr high C = 30.6 |May high C = 30.7 |Jun high C = 30.4 |Jul high C = 30.2 |Aug high C = 30.2 |Sep high C = 30.5 |Oct high C = 30.9 |Nov high C = 31.2 |Dec high C = 30.9 |year high C = 30.6 |Jan low C = 23.9 |Feb low C = 23.8 |Mar low C = 23.9 |Apr low C = 23.8 |May low C = 23.9 |Jun low C = 23.7 |Jul low C = 23.4 |Aug low C = 23.7 |Sep low C = 23.6 |Oct low C = 23.8 |Nov low C = 23.9 |Dec low C = 23.9 |year low C = 23.8 |Jan record low C = 21.0 |Feb record low C = 20.7 |Mar record low C = 20.8 |Apr record low C = 21.1 |May record low C = 20.1 |Jun record low C = 19.9 |Jul record low C = 20.0 |Aug record low C = 18.9 |Sep record low C = 20.8 |Oct record low C = 20.3 |Nov record low C = 20.0 |Dec record low C = 19.4 |year record low C = 18.9 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 343.8 |Feb rain mm = 292.0 |Mar rain mm = 329.8 |Apr rain mm = 389.4 |May rain mm = 343.4 |Jun rain mm = 186.4 |Jul rain mm = 144.2 |Aug rain mm = 93.8 |Sep rain mm = 82.6 |Oct rain mm = 239.2 |Nov rain mm = 280.2 |Dec rain mm = 382.0 |year rain mm = 3106.8 |Jan rain days = 23 |Feb rain days = 21 |Mar rain days = 23 |Apr rain days = 23 |May rain days = 21 |Jun rain days = 18 |Jul rain days = 15 |Aug rain days = 12 |Sep rain days = 11 |Oct rain days = 15 |Nov rain days = 19 |Dec rain days = 23 |year rain days = 224 |Jan humidity = 85 |Feb humidity = 85 |Mar humidity = 85 |Apr humidity = 85 |May humidity = 85 |Jun humidity = 84 |Jul humidity = 84 |Aug humidity = 82 |Sep humidity = 83 |Oct humidity = 83 |Nov humidity = 84 |Dec humidity = 84 |year humidity = 84 |Jan sun = 160 |Feb sun = 140 |Mar sun = 144 |Apr sun = 162 |May sun = 193 |Jun sun = 195 |Jul sun = 198 |Aug sun = 210 |Sep sun = 227 |Oct sun = 210 |Nov sun = 185 |Dec sun = 160 |year sun = 2184 |source 1 = World Meteorological Organisation[2] |source 2 = Deutscher Wetterdienst (extremes, humidity and sun)[3][4]{{efn|Station ID for Madang W.O is 92014 Use this station ID to locate the sunshine duration}} | date = November 2011 }} EducationMadang is the home of Divine Word University. ProductsIndustry and farming are growing constantly in importance, especially for export. There are the widespread coconut palm plantations on the coast and cardamum is grown in Madang. The Kulili plantation is the second largest of Kar Kar Island's twelve plantations with its more than a thousand coconut palms and cocoa trees. 70% of the cocoa and 50% of the copra produced in Madang province comes from Kar Kar. In Madang province 173 regional languages are spoken, some of them being extremely different from the others. ImagesSee also{{Portal|Papua New Guinea}}
References1. ^{{cite book|title=The New Encyclopædia Britannica (1974), Micropædia Vol. 6 |page=467|edition=15th }} 2. ^{{cite web| url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=1430| title = World Weather Information Service — Madang| publisher = World Meteorological Organisation| accessdate = 15 December 2015}} 3. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_920140_kt.pdf| title = Klimatafel von Madang / Papua-Neuguinea| work = Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst| language = German| accessdate = 29 January 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web| url = ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/multi_annual/sunshine_duration/1961_1990.txt| title = Station 92014 Madang W.O| work = Global station data 1961–1990—Sunshine Duration| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst| accessdate = 29 January 2016}} External links
Notes{{notelist}}{{PNG Provincial Capitals}}{{Authority control}} 3 : Populated places in Madang Province|Provincial capitals in Papua New Guinea|Port cities in Oceania |
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