| 词条 | Psalm 45 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Psalm 45 | subtitle = | type = | image = St Andrew and St Elisabeth - geograph.org.uk - 1608075.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = English Window quoting the verse "Full of grace are thy lips" | other_name = {{plainlist|
}} | text = | language = Hebrew (original) | written = | published = }} Psalm 45 is the 45th psalm of the Book of Psalms. In the Greek Septuagint version of the bible, and in its Latin translation in the Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 44 in a slightly different numbering system. In Latin, it is known as "Eructavit cor meum".[1] It was composed by the sons of Korach on (or "according to") the shoshanim–either a musical instrument or the tune to which the psalm should be sung. The psalm has been interpreted as an epithalamium, or wedding song, written to a king on the day of his marriage to a foreign woman, and is one of the royal psalms. The psalm is a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Anglican and Protestant liturgies. BackgroundThe verse marking for this psalm in the Revised Standard Version (RSV) differs from that used in other translations.[2] According to classical Jewish sources, Psalm 45 refers to the Jewish Messiah. According to Metzudot, a classical Jewish commentary, the king mentioned in verse 2 is the Jewish Messiah.[3] Christian scholars frequently interpret the psalm as a Messianic prophecy.{{Sfn |Kirkpatrick | 1901 | p = 244}} Henry explains the prophecy as referring to Jesus as both the future king and a bridegroom of the church.[4] In Hebrews 1:8–9, verses 6–7 of this psalm are quoted as allusions to Jesus.[5] ThemesShoshanim (roses) may refer to either a musical instrument shaped like a rose (shoshana in Hebrew),[3] or the tune to which the psalm should be sung.{{Sfn | Kirkpatrick | 1901 | p = 245}} Rashi proposes that the term refers to Torah scholars, and interprets the rest of the psalm according to the scholars' efforts in and reward for Torah study.[6] Dahood asserts that the psalm is an epithalamium, or a wedding song, written to a king on the day of his marriage to a foreign woman, and is one of the royal psalms.[7] Die Bibel mit Erklärungen states that Psalm 45 is the only example of profane poetry in the Psalms and was composed and sung by a minstrel or cult prophets on the occasion of the marriage of the king.[8] In the 19th century, Franz Delitzsch argued that the poem was written on the occasion of Jehoram of Judah's marriage to Athaliah, while Alexander Kirkpatrick and John Calvin maintained that it referred rather to the marriage of Solomon with an Egyptian princess.{{Sfn |Kirkpatrick | 1901 | pp = 243–44}}[9] Spurgeon, however, rejects these interpretations, stating: "Maschil, an instructive ode, not an idle lay, or a romancing ballad, but a Psalm of holy teaching, didactic and doctrinal. This proves that it is to be spiritually understood. … This is no wedding song of earthly nuptials, but an Epithalamium for the Heavenly Bridegroom and his elect spouse."[10] More recently, Near Eastern scholar Charles R. Krahmalkov posits that the wedding of Jezebel and Ahab was the likely occasion, reading verse 14 as originally referring not to a "King's daughter who is within" but a "daughter of the King of the Phoenicians (Pōnnīma)".[11]Verse 14 in the Hebrew, "All the glory of the king's daughter is within", encapsulates the import of tzniut (modesty) in Judaism.[6] The Midrash Tanhuma teaches on this verse, "If a woman remains modestly at home, she is worthy that both her husband and children are Kohanim Gedolim [who wear golden clothes]".{{sfn|Falk|1998|p=560}} TextHebrew Bible versionFollowing is the Hebrew text and an English translation of Psalm 45:[12]
King James Version
UsesJudaismIn the Siddur Avodas Yisrael, Psalm 45 is recited as a Song of the Day on Shabbat Chayei Sarah and Shabbat Pekudei.[13] This psalm is said as a general prayer for the end of the exile and the coming of the Mashiach.[14] New TestamentVerses 6 and 7 are quoted in the Epistle to the Hebrews {{bibleref2-nb|Hebrews|1:8–9|KJV}}.[15][16] Catholic ChurchSince the early Middle Ages monasteries have traditionally performed this psalm during the celebration of matins lundi, according to the Rule of St. Benedict (530).[17][18] In modern times in the Liturgy of the Hours, Psalm 45 is sung or recited, in two parts, with the Vespers on Monday of the second week[19] and office midday Saturday of the fourth week.[20] References1. ^Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 44 (45) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930160331/http://www.medievalist.net:80/psalmstxt/ps44.htm|date=2017-09-30}} 2. ^{{Harvnb | Dahood | 1966 | p = 269}}. 3. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/6345/jewish/Chapter-45.htm|title=Chapter 45|work=Chabad.org|year=2018|accessdate=November 12, 2018}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/matthew-henry-complete/psalms/45.html|title=Psalms 45|first=Matthew|last=Henry|authorlink=Matthew Henry|accessdate=November 12, 2018|publisher=Bible Study Tools}} 5. ^{{Harvnb | Rhodes | 1960 | p = 78}} 6. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.ou.org/torah/nach/nach-yomi/psalms_chapter_45/ |title=A Psalm Fit for a King|first=Rabbi Jack|last=Abramowitz|work=Orthodox Union|year=2018|accessdate=November 12, 2018}} 7. ^{{Harvnb | Dahood | 1966 | p = 270}}. 8. ^{{Citation | title = Die Bibel mit Erklärungen | ISBN = 3-7461-0069-0 | page = 3 | publisher = Evangelische Haupt-Bibelgesellschaft | place = Berlin | language = de | year = 1993}}. 9. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/calvin/cc09/cc09010.htm|title=Psalm 45|work=Calvin's Commentaries|publisher=sacred-texts.com|accessdate=November 12, 2018}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.christianity.com/bible/commentary.php?com=spur&b=19&c=45|title= Charles H. Spurgeon’s Treasury of David: Psalm 45|first=Charles|last=Spurgeon|authorlink=Charles Spurgeon|publisher=Christianity.com|year=2018|accessdate=November 12, 2018}} 11. ^Krahmalkov, Charles R. (2000), A Phoenician-Punic Grammar, page 2 12. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16266/jewish/Chapter-45.htm|title=Tehillim - Psalms - Chapter 45|publisher=Chabad.org|year=2018|accessdate=October 13, 2018}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.halakhah.com/rst/pesukim.pdf|title=Shimush Pesukim: Comprehensive Index to Liturgical and Ceremonial Uses of Biblical Verses and Passages|first=Reuven|last=Brauner|year=2013|edition=2nd|page=38}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.dailytehillim.com/Default.aspx?CategoryOption=True|title=End of Exile/Mashiach|work=Daily Tehillim|accessdate=October 13, 2018}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.academia.edu/2118225/The_Vorlage_of_Psalm_45_6-7_44_7-8_in_Hebrews_1_8-9|title=The Vorlage of Psalm 45: 6-7 (44: 7-8) in Hebrews 1: 8-9|first=Gert J.|last=Steyn|journal=HTS|volume=60|issue=3|year=2004|pages=1085–1103|publisher=academia.edu}} 16. ^{{cite book|last= Kirkpatrick| first= A. F. | authorlink=Alexander Kirkpatrick| title= The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes |series=The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges | volume = Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL | place = Cambridge |publisher= At the University Press | year = 1901 | pages = 839 | url= https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC | access-date= February 28, 2019}} 17. ^Psautier latin-français du bréviaire monastique, p. 167, 1938/2003 18. ^{{Citation | first = Prosper | last = Guéranger | title = Règle de saint Benoît | publisher = Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes | edition = réimpression | year = 2007 | page = 46 | language = fr}}. 19. ^Archive of abbaye-montdescats 20. ^The main cycle of liturgical prayers takes place over four weeks. SourcesSources
Further reading
External links{{wikisource|Bible (King James)/Psalms#Psalm 45|Psalm 45}}{{commonscat}}
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