“Psalm 93”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Psalm 93 is the 93rd psalm of the Book of Psalms, generally known in English by its first verse, in the King James Version, "The Lord reigneth, he is clothed with majesty". The Book of Psalms is part of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament. It is Psalm 92 in the slightly different numbering system of the Greek Septuagint and Latin Vulgate versions of the Bible. Its Latin title is Dominus regnavit, decorem indutus est.^[1] It is the first of a series of psalms (Psalms 93–99) which are called royal psalms as they praise God as King.{{sfn|Nelson|2018|p=855}}

The psalm is a regular part of Jewish, Catholic, Anglican and Protestant worship. It has been set to music often throughout centuries. The Latin version was set by Hildegard of Bingen, Josquin des Prez, Jean-Joseph de Mondonville and Jules Van Nuffel, among others. Heinrich Schütz and Ferdinand Hiller composed settings in German. Handel used verses from the psalm for his Chandos Anthem No. 4 for use in the Anglican Church.

Background and themes

The two main themes of Psalm 93 are God's kingship and a connection with Friday, the sixth day of the week (counting from Sunday). The Zohar notes that in Hebrew, this psalm contains 45 words, which is the gematria (numerical value) of the word adam ({{lang-he-n|אדם}}, "man"). Adam was created on the sixth day of Creation and went on to proclaim God as King.^[2]{{sfn|Nulman|1996|pp=160–161}} Psalm 93 was also designated as the Song of the Day for Friday, to be sung by the Levites in the Temple in Jerusalem.{{sfn|Scherman|2005|p=322}} (This tradition continues today in the psalm's inclusion in the regular Friday morning prayer service in Judaism.{{sfn|Nulman|1996|p=160}}) According to Rabbi Yaakov Emden, the connection with the sixth day is reinforced by the psalm's description of God "in His full grandeur and power as He was when He completed the six days of Creation", and the reference to donning grandeur further alludes to the way Jews dress up in their nicest garments on Friday to greet the approaching Shabbat.{{sfn|Scherman|2005|p=322}}^[3] Psalm 93 also hints to the future Messianic Age, when the entire world will acknowledge God as King.{{sfn|Scherman|2005|pp=321–322}}

Spurgeon adds that the theme of God's sovereignty is clear from the first line of the psalm.^[4] Henry notes how the psalm reinforces God's kingship by comparing him to earthly kings, stating:

Text

Hebrew Bible version

King James Version

Uses

Judaism

Psalm 93 is the Song of the Day for Friday, recited in that day's morning prayer service.{{sfn|Nulman|1996|p=160}} Some communities also recite this psalm as the ma'amad (special daily prayer) for Friday.^[8] Additionally, Psalm 93 is the eighth and final psalm said during the Kabbalat Shabbat service on Friday night, acting as a summation of the preceding seven psalms.{{sfn|Nulman|1996|p=161}}{{sfn|Scherman|2005|p=321}} It is also recited in its entirety during Pesukei dezimra on Shabbat, Yom Tov, and Hoshana Rabbah.{{sfn|Scherman|2005|p=388}}

Verse 1 (in the Hebrew) is quoted in Mishnah Tamid 7:4.{{sfn|Scherman|2005|p=479}}

Verse 1 is also one of the ten verses in the section of Malkhuyot (Sovereignty) which is recited in the Mussaf Amidah on Rosh Hashanah.{{sfn|Scherman|1989|p=456}}^[8]{{sfn|Birnbaum|p=55}}

Musical settings

Catholic

"Dominus regnavit" is Psalm 92 in the Vulgate; it was set by Hildegard of Bingen.^[10] A motet setting it for choir a cappella, with an added doxology, is attributed to Josquin des Prez.^[11]^[12]

Protestant

The Lutheran Baroque composer Heinrich Schütz set Psalm 93 in German, "Der Herr ist König herrlich schön" (The Lord is King, heavenly beautiful), for choir as part of his composition of the Becker Psalter, SWV 191.^[16] Handel used verses from the psalm for his Chandos Anthem No. 4 in 1717 or 1718, intended for use in the Anglican Church.^[17]

In the Free Church of Scotland's 2003 psalter, Sing Psalms, Psalm 93 starts "The Lord is king; his throne endures." Set to the common meter, the recommended melodies are St. Magnus, Southwark and Stroudwater.^[19]

Jewish

References

1. ^Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 92 (93) {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170630210815/http://www.medievalist.net/psalmstxt/ps92.htm |date=30 June 2017}} medievalist.net
2. ^Zohar III, Emor.
3. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.ou.org/torah/nach/nach-yomi/psalms_chapter_93/|title=Friday|first=Rabbi Jack|last=Abramowitz|year=2019|work=Orthodox Union|accessdate=11 February 2019}}
4. ^¹{{cite web |url=https://www.christianity.com/bible/commentary.php?com=spur&b=19&c=93|title=Psalm 93 Bible Commentary|work=Charles H. Spurgeon’s Treasury of David|publisher=Christianity.com|year=2019|accessdate=11 February 2019}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/matthew-henry-complete/psalms/93.html|title=Psalms 93|first=Matthew|last=Henry|authorlink=Matthew Henry|work=Bible Study Tools|year=2019|accessdate=11 February 2019}}
6. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16314/jewish/Chapter-93.htm|title=Tehillim – Psalms – Chapter 93|publisher=Chabad.org|year=2019|accessdate=5 February 2019}}
7. ^¹²{{cite web |url=https://www.halakhah.com/rst/pesukim.pdf|title=Shimush Pesukim: Comprehensive Index to Liturgical and Ceremonial Uses of Biblical Verses and Passages|first=Reuven|last=Brauner|year=2013|edition=2nd|page=44}}
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://zootorah.com/assets/media/perek-shirah-booklet.pdf|title=Perek Shirah|first=Nosson|last=Slifkin|authorlink=Natan Slifkin|year=2002|publisher=Zoo Torah|accessdate=11 February 2019|page=4}}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.dailytehillim.com/Default.aspx?CategoryOption=True|title=Success|work=Daily Tehillim|accessdate=11 February 2019}}
10. ^[https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/10933031 11,000 virgins: chants for the Feast of St. Ursula] searchworks.stanford
11. ^{{CPDL|Dominus regnavit (Josquin des Prez)|Dominus regnavit (Josquin des Prez)}}.
12. ^ Willem Elders: [https://books.google.de/books?id=dZNMAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA139 Josquin Des Prez and His Musical Legacy: An Introductory Guide], Leuven University Press, 2013
13. ^[https://classical-music-online.net/en/production/46688 Jean-Joseph Cassan Mondonville (1711–1772) / Grand Motet `Dominus regnavit decorum` (Psalm 92) (1734)] https://classical-music-online.net/en/production/46688
14. ^Jules Van Nuffel / Biography julesvannuffel.be
15. ^{{IMSLP|work=Dominus regnavit, Op.49 (Nuffel, Jules van)|cname=Dominus regnavit, Op.49 (Nuffel, Jules van)}}
16. ^[https://www.baerenreiter.com/en/shop/product/details/BA5952/ Schütz, Heinrich / Der Beckersche Psalter SWV 97a-256a] Bärenreiter
17. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.carusmedia.com/images-intern/medien/50/5524953/5524953x.pdf |title=O sing unto the Lord a new song / Cannons Anthem (2nd version) / HWV 249b |first=Till |last=Reininghaus |year=2009 |publisher=Carus-Verlag |accessdate=11 February 2019 |page=2}}
18. ^{{IMSLP|work=Psalm 93, Op.112 (Hiller, Ferdinand)|cname=Psalm 93, Op.112 (Hiller, Ferdinand)}}
19. ^https://freechurch.org/assets/documents/2017/Psalmody/Sing%20Psalms%20Combined%20Words%20Edition%20(incl.%20Scottish%20Psalter)%20-%20with%20bookmarks%20+Tune%20Reccomendations.pdf
20. ^{{cite web |url= http://zemirotdatabase.org/view_song.php?id=231|title=Mikolot Mayim|work=Zemirot Database|accessdate=11 February 2019}}