“Made in China”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Made in China, Product of China or sometimes Made in PRC ({{zh|s=中国制造|t=中國製造|p=Zhōngguó zhìzào}},) is a country of origin label affixed to products manufactured in the People's Republic of China.

Terminology

Made in China is the designation of goods that have been manufactured in mainland China.^[1]^[2]

Branding

The "Made in China" brand was historically challenged by the US Cold War media campaigns that reported negatively on the brand and publicized hearings on the security of Chinese products in the United States Congress.^[3] Conversely, some advertising companies and the American Chamber of Commerce{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} in Shanghai have since the late 1990s endeavored to shed the Made in China brand of its cheap image, as Made in Japan has done.^[3]

Marketing significance

The Made in China label is the most recognizable label in the world today, due to China's rapidly developing manufacturing industry, its relatively low manufacturing wages{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} and the country being the largest exporter in the world.^[4]

Major incidents related to exported products

In the 2007 Chinese export recalls, for example, product safety institutions in the United States, Canada, the European Union, Australia and New Zealand issued recalls and import bans on a wide range of Chinese-made consumer goods, such as pet food, toys,^[5] toothpaste,^[6]^[7] lipstick, and certain types of seafood.

During the 2008 Chinese export recalls, heparin was recalled by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) due to contamination of the raw heparin stock imported from China.^[8]^[9]^[10]

Made in China 2025

In 2013, Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and his State Council approved a plan called "Made in China 2025". Drafted by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, it took over two years to complete by one hundred and fifty people. The plan's aim is to improve production efficiency and quality.{{r|csis}}

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fenamsourcing.com/country-of-origin-branding-strategy-and-internationalisation-the-case-of-chinese-piano-companies/|title=Fan, Y. (2008) “Country of origin, branding strategy and internationalisation: the case of Chinese piano companies”, Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 6:3, 303-319|publisher=}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fenamsourcing.com/the-globalisation-of-chinese-brands/|title=Fan, Y. (2006) “The globalisation of Chinese brands”, Marketing Intelligence &Planning, 24:4, 365-379|publisher=}}
3. ^¹{{Cite book|title=Brand New China: Advertising, Media, and Commercial Culture|first=Wang|last=Jing|publisher=Harvard University Press|pages=136–137}}
4. ^{{cite news|last=Monaghan|first=Angela|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/jan/10/china-surpasses-us-world-largest-trading-nation|title=China surpasses US as world's largest trading nation |publisher=The Guardian|date=January 10, 2014|accessdate=May 17, 2015}}
5. ^{{Cite news |url=http://money.cnn.com/news/newsfeeds/articles/newstex/AFX-0013-18873781.htm?cnn=yes |title=Mattel to recall more Chinese-made toys|publisher=CNN | accessdate= 14 August 2007 }} {{Dead link|date=September 2011|bot=RjwilmsiBot}}
6. ^Spain withdraws Chinese toothpaste from the oral care market CosmesticsDesigns.com. 12 July 2007.Accessed: 2007-09-05.
7. ^{{cite news |last=Ramachandran|first=Arjun |title=Toxic toothpaste alert: buyers beware |url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/toxic-toothpaste-alert-buyers-beware/2007/08/29/1188067173174.html |accessdate=29 August 2007 |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=29 August 2007}}
8. ^CBS News, Blood-thinning drug under suspicion
9. ^FDA informational page with information and links about FDA investigation.
10. ^{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |title=Heparin's Deadly Side Effects |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1858870,00.html |archivedate=21 November 2008 |quote=A month earlier and half a world away, a team of quality-control specialists from Baxter International, the big multinational health-care company (2007 sales: $11.26 billion) based in Deerfield, Ill., arrived in Zhejiang province, China, about two hours by car from Shanghai, to inspect a facility owned by one of its key suppliers. CZ-SPL is a joint venture controlled by Scientific Protein Laboratories LLC (SPL), a Waunakee, Wis., company started in 1976 by Oscar Meyer, of hot-dog fame. (The connection: pigs naturally produce proteins used in pharmaceuticals.) CZ-SPL makes a key ingredient, what in the pharmaceutical business is called an active pharmaceutical ingredient, or API, for a drug called heparin, a blood thinner that is widely used by kidney-dialysis and postsurgical patients to prevent blood clots. The team found little unusual and gave the facility a clean bill of health. |work=Time magazine |accessdate=2008-11-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121194220/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C1858870%2C00.html |deadurl=no |date=13 November 2008 |df= }}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.lenovo.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=1929|title=LENOVO STATEMENT ON SUPERFISH - Lenovo Newsroom|website=news.lenovo.com}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA15-051A|title=Lenovo Superfish Adware Vulnerable to HTTPS Spoofing - US-CERT|website=www.us-cert.gov}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.avg.com/campaign-landing-pages/ww-en/lenovo-superfish |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-03-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302130240/http://www.avg.com/campaign-landing-pages/ww-en/lenovo-superfish |archivedate=2015-03-02 |df= }}