| 词条 | Madera, California |
| 释义 |
|name = Madera, California |official_name = City of Madera |settlement_type = City |nickname = "The Heart of California"{{Citation needed|date=February 2015}} |image_skyline = City of Madera Water Tower.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Photograph of City of Madera Water Tower taken during a Fall sunset. |image_logo = |image_map = Madera_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Madera_Highlighted.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = Location in Madera County and the state of California |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = | pushpin_map = California | pushpin_map_caption = Location in California | pushpin_relief = 1 |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name = {{nowrap|{{flag|United States of America}}}} |subdivision_name1 = {{flag|California}} |subdivision_name2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Madera County, California.png}} Madera |subdivision_type3 = Regions |subdivision_name3 = Central Valley Northern California |government_type = Council and Manager[1] |leader_title = City council[2] |leader_name = * Mayor Andrew J. Medellin
|leader_title1 = City administrator |leader_name1 = Arnoldo Rodriguez [3] |established_title = Incorporated |established_date = March 27, 1907[4] | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = [5] | area_total_sq_mi = 15.79 | area_land_sq_mi = 15.79 | area_water_sq_mi = 0.00 | area_total_km2 = 40.89 | area_land_km2 = 40.89 | area_water_km2 = 0.00 | area_water_percent = 0 |elevation_footnotes = [6] |elevation_ft = 272 |elevation_m = 83 |population_as_of = 2010 |population_footnotes = [7] |population_total = 61416 |pop_est_as_of = 2017 |pop_est_footnotes = [8] |population_est = 65508 |population_density_sq_mi = 4148.70 |population_metro = 152465 |population_demonym = Maderan |timezone = Pacific |utc_offset = −8 |coordinates = {{coord|36|57|41|N|120|03|39|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}} |timezone_DST = PDT |utc_offset_DST = −7 |postal_code_type = ZIP codes |postal_code = 93636–93639 |area_code_type = Area code |area_code = 559 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = {{FIPS|06|45022}} |blank1_name = GNIS feature IDs |blank1_info = {{GNIS 4|277552}}, {{GNIS 4|2410906}} |website = {{URL|www.cityofmadera.ca.gov}} |footnotes = |population_density_km2 = 1602.05 }} Madera is a city in California and the county seat of Madera County.[8] As of the 2010 United States Census, the city's population was 61,416, up from 43,207 in 2000. Located in the San Joaquin Valley, Madera is a principal city of the Madera–Chowchilla Metropolitan Statistical Area, which encompasses all of Madera County, and Metropolitan Fresno. It is located in California's San Joaquin Valley. The city is also home to the Madera Unified School District. HistoryThe town was named after the Spanish term for lumber.[10] The town was laid out by the California Lumber Company in 1876.[10] From 1876 to 1931, a 63-mile water flume carried lumber from the mountains to Madera where the lumber was shipped by train. The first post office at Madera opened in 1877[9] and the town incorporated on March 27, 1907.[9] One of the city's first African Americans to hold an elected office was Rev. Naaman N. Haynes, who was voted in as school board trustee in the 1960s.[10] Landmarks include the notable and historic Madera water tower and a fully operational drive-in movie theater. GeographyMadera is located at {{Coord|36|57|41|N|120|03|39|W|type:city}}.[6] The geographic center of California is {{convert|38|mi|abbr=on}} east of Madera. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|15.8|sqmi|km2}}, all land. Madera is the location of the Madera AVA wine region. ClimateMadera has a steppe climate (Köppen: BSk),[11] in the central zone of this climatic subtype.[12] Average January temperatures are a maximum of {{convert|53.9|F|C|disp=or}} and a minimum of {{convert|35.9|F|C|disp=or}}. Average July temperatures are a maximum of {{convert|98.3|F|C|disp=or}} and a minimum of {{convert|61.4|F|C|disp=or}}. Annually, there are an average of 105.2 afternoons with highs of {{convert|90|°F|°C|1|disp=or}} or higher, 25 afternoons reaching or exceeding {{convert|100|F|C|1|disp=or}}, and an average of 30.8 mornings with lows of {{convert|32|°F|°C|disp=or}} or lower. The record high temperature was {{convert|116|F|C|1}} on July 13, 1961. The record low temperature was {{convert|15|F|C|1}} on January 10, 1949. Average annual rainfall is {{convert|10.97|in|mm|1}} and there are an average of 43 days with measurable precipitation. The wettest “rain year” was from July 1997 to June 1998 with {{convert|22.66|in|mm|1}} and the driest from July 1971 to June 1972 with {{convert|3.89|in|mm|1}}.[13] The most rainfall in one month was {{convert|7.11|in|mm|1}} in March 1991. The most rainfall in 24 hours was {{convert|2.60|in|mm|1}} on May 6, 2005. Although snow is rare, {{convert|4.0|in|m|disp=or}} fell in January 1962.[14] {{Weather box| width = 75% | collapsed = | open = | single line = Y | location = Madera, CA (near Independent Academy), 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1928-2014 | temperature colour = | Jan maximum humidex = | Feb maximum humidex = | Mar maximum humidex = | Apr maximum humidex = | May maximum humidex = | Jun maximum humidex = | Jul maximum humidex = | Aug maximum humidex = | Sep maximum humidex = | Oct maximum humidex = | Nov maximum humidex = | Dec maximum humidex = | year maximum humidex = | Jan record high F =79 | Feb record high F =83 | Mar record high F =90 | Apr record high F =99 | May record high F =107 | Jun record high F =115 | Jul record high F =116 | Aug record high F =113 | Sep record high F =115 | Oct record high F =101 | Nov record high F =92 | Dec record high F =75 | Jan avg record high F = | Feb avg record high F = | Mar avg record high F = | Apr avg record high F = | May avg record high F = | Jun avg record high F = | Jul avg record high F = | Aug avg record high F = | Sep avg record high F = | Oct avg record high F = | Nov avg record high F = | Dec avg record high F = | year avg record high F = | Jan high F =54.0 | Feb high F =61.2 | Mar high F =67.2 | Apr high F =74.8 | May high F =83.9 | Jun high F =91.6 | Jul high F =98.2 | Aug high F =96.4 | Sep high F =90.9 | Oct high F =80.3 | Nov high F =66.1 | Dec high F =55.2 | Jan mean F =44.9 | Feb mean F =50.1 | Mar mean F =54.5 | Apr mean F =60.1 | May mean F =67.6 | Jun mean F =74.2 | Jul mean F =79.8 | Aug mean F =78.1 | Sep mean F =73.1 | Oct mean F =64.0 | Nov mean F =52.8 | Dec mean F =45.4 | Jan low F =35.9 | Feb low F =39.1 | Mar low F =41.8 | Apr low F =45.5 | May low F =51.3 | Jun low F =56.7 | Jul low F =61.4 | Aug low F =59.9 | Sep low F =55.3 | Oct low F =47.8 | Nov low F =39.6 | Dec low F =35.7 | Jan avg record low F = | Feb avg record low F = | Mar avg record low F = | Apr avg record low F = | May avg record low F = | Jun avg record low F = | Jul avg record low F = | Aug avg record low F = | Sep avg record low F = | Oct avg record low F = | Nov avg record low F = | Dec avg record low F = | year avg record low F = | Jan record low F =15 | Feb record low F =21 | Mar record low F =24 | Apr record low F =29 | May record low F =33 | Jun record low F =38 | Jul record low F =42 | Aug record low F =39 | Sep record low F =34 | Oct record low F =24 | Nov record low F =22 | Dec record low F =16 | Jan chill = | Feb chill = | Mar chill = | Apr chill = | May chill = | Jun chill = | Jul chill = | Aug chill = | Sep chill = | Oct chill = | Nov chill = | Dec chill = | year chill = | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation inch =1.98 | Feb precipitation inch =1.92 | Mar precipitation inch =1.81 | Apr precipitation inch =1.08 | May precipitation inch =0.39 | Jun precipitation inch =0.09 | Jul precipitation inch =0.01 | Aug precipitation inch =0.02 | Sep precipitation inch =0.14 | Oct precipitation inch =0.58 | Nov precipitation inch =1.18 | Dec precipitation inch =1.78 | year precipitation inch = | rain colour = | Jan rain inch = | Feb rain inch = | Mar rain inch = | Apr rain inch = | May rain inch = | Jun rain inch = | Jul rain inch = | Aug rain inch = | Sep rain inch = | Oct rain inch = | Nov rain inch = | Dec rain inch = | year rain inch = | snow colour = | Jan snow inch =0.1 | Feb snow inch =0 | Mar snow inch =0 | Apr snow inch =0 | May snow inch =0 | Jun snow inch =0 | Jul snow inch =0 | Aug snow inch =0 | Sep snow inch =0 | Oct snow inch =0 | Nov snow inch =0 | Dec snow inch =trace | year snow inch =0.1 | unit precipitation days = 0.01 in | precip days colour = | Jan precipitation days =8 | Feb precipitation days =7 | Mar precipitation days =7 | Apr precipitation days =4 | May precipitation days =2 | Jun precipitation days =1 | Jul precipitation days =0 | Aug precipitation days =0 | Sep precipitation days =1 | Oct precipitation days =2 | Nov precipitation days =5 | Dec precipitation days =7 | unit rain days = | Jan rain days = 4.5 | Feb rain days = 4.4 | Mar rain days = 4.3 | Apr rain days = 2.7 | May rain days = 1.1 | Jun rain days = 0.4 | Jul rain days = 0.3 | Aug rain days = 0.3 | Sep rain days = 1.1 | Oct rain days = 1.5 | Nov rain days = 2.2 | Dec rain days = 3.9 | year rain days = | unit snow days = | Jan snow days = 0.1 | Feb snow days = 0 | Mar snow days = 0 | Apr snow days = 0 | May snow days = 0 | Jun snow days = 0 | Jul snow days = 0 | Aug snow days = 0 | Sep snow days = 0 | Oct snow days = 0 | Nov snow days = 0 | Dec snow days = 0.03 | humidity colour = | time day = | daily = | Jan humidity =83 | Feb humidity =76 | Mar humidity =68 | Apr humidity =60 | May humidity =52 | Jun humidity =46 | Jul humidity =41 | Aug humidity =45 | Sep humidity =51 | Oct humidity =57 | Nov humidity =70 | Dec humidity =81 | Jan afthumidity = | Feb afthumidity = | Mar afthumidity = | Apr afthumidity = | May afthumidity = | Jun afthumidity = | Jul afthumidity = | Aug afthumidity = | Sep afthumidity = | Oct afthumidity = | Nov afthumidity = | Dec afthumidity = | year afthumidity = | Jan sun = | Feb sun = | Mar sun = | Apr sun = | May sun = | Jun sun = | Jul sun = | Aug sun = | Sep sun = | Oct sun = | Nov sun = | Dec sun = | year sun = | Jand sun = | Febd sun = | Mard sun = | Aprd sun = | Mayd sun = | Jund sun = | Juld sun = | Augd sun = | Sepd sun = | Octd sun = | Novd sun = | Decd sun = | yeard sun = | Jan percentsun = | Feb percentsun = | Mar percentsun = | Apr percentsun = | May percentsun = | Jun percentsun = | Jul percentsun = | Aug percentsun = | Sep percentsun = | Oct percentsun = | Nov percentsun = | Dec percentsun = | year percentsun = | source = WRCC[15] | source 2 = WeatherBase[16] }} Notable peopleNoteworthy persons born or raised in Madera include:
EducationHigher educational sites
School districts
TransportationWithin the city of Madera, State Route 99 carries traffic in a generally northwest / southeast orientation. East of the city, State Route 41 can be accessed via either eastbound county roads, or via State Route 145, the latter of which turns from a northeast / southwest bearing to a directly south orientation within the city. The eastern terminus of State Route 152 is located {{convert|10|mi|km}} to the north of the city, on State Route 99. Near Madera is Madera station (Amtrak). A California High-Speed Rail stop is also planned.[21] Demographics{{US Census population|1880= 217 |1890= 950 |1910= 2404 |1920= 3444 |1930= 4665 |1940= 6457 |1950= 10497 |1960= 14430 |1970= 16044 |1980= 21732 |1990= 29281 |2000= 43207 |2010= 61416 |estyear=2017 |estimate=65508 |estref=[22] |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census[23] }} 2010The 2010 United States Census[24] reported that Madera had a population of 61,416. The population density was 3,889.7 people per square mile (1,501.8/km²). The racial makeup of Madera was 30,640 (49.9%) White, 2,069 (3.4%) African American, 1,933 (3.1%) Native American, 1,369 (2.2%) Asian, 72 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 22,603 (36.8%) from other races, and 2,730 (4.4%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race accounted for 47,103 people (76.7% of the population). The Census reported that 60,825 people (99.0% of the population) lived in households, 418 (0.7%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 173 (0.3%) were institutionalized. There were 15,938 households, out of which 9,003 (56.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 8,521 (53.5%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 2,917 (18.3%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,450 (9.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,323 (8.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 97 (0.6%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 2,374 households (14.9%) were made up of individuals and 1,077 (6.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.82. There were 12,888 families (80.9% of all households); the average family size was 4.09. The population was spread out with 21,338 people (34.7%) under the age of 18, 7,732 people (12.6%) aged 18 to 24, 17,287 people (28.1%) aged 25 to 44, 10,407 people (16.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 4,652 people (7.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.3 males. There were 17,049 housing units at an average density of 1,079.8 per square mile (416.9/km²), of which 8,096 (50.8%) were owner-occupied, and 7,842 (49.2%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 3.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.1%. 28,785 people (46.9% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 32,040 people (52.2%) lived in rental housing units. 2000As of the census[25] of 2000, there were 43,207 people, 11,978 households, and 9,438 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,515.3 people per square mile (1,357.4/km²). There were 12,521 housing units at an average density of 1,018.7 per square mile (393.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 48.2% White, 3.9% African American, 2.8% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 38.0% from other races, and 5.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 67.8% of the population. There were 11,978 households out of which 48.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.7% were married couples living together, 17.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.2% were non-families. 16.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.57 and the average family size was 3.90. In the city, the population was spread out with 35.4% under the age of 18, 12.5% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 14.9% from 45 to 64, and 8.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.1 males. The median income for a household in the city was $31,033, and the median income for a family was $31,927. Males had a median income of $29,776 versus $23,210 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,674. About 25.6% of families and 32.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 40.0% of those under age 18 and 12.7% of those age 65 or over. GovernmentIn the California State Legislature, Madera is in {{Representative|casd|12|fmt=sdistrict}}, and in {{Representative|caad|5|fmt=adistrict}}.[26] In the United States House of Representatives, Madera is in {{Representative|cacd|16|fmt=district}}.[27] See also{{Portal|California}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cityofmadera.ca.gov/city-of-madera/departments/city-administrator|title=Government|publisher=City of Madera|accessdate=February 13, 2015}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cityofmadera.ca.gov/city-of-madera/departments/city-council-mayor/|title=Mayor & City Council|publisher=City of Madera|accessdate=January 31, 2017}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cityofmadera.ca.gov/city-of-madera/departments/city-administrator|title=City Administrator|publisher=City of Madera|accessdate=January 19, 2015}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc |title=California Cities by Incorporation Date |format=Word |publisher=California Association of Local Agency Formation Commissions |accessdate=August 25, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130221091414/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc |archivedate=February 21, 2013 |df= }} 5. ^{{cite web|title=2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2016_Gazetteer/2016_gaz_place_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Jun 28, 2017}} 6. ^1 {{Cite GNIS|277552|Madera|accessdate=April 9, 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0645022.html|title=Madera (city) QuickFacts|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=April 9, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150413233659/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/0645022.html|archivedate=April 13, 2015|df=mdy-all}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|accessdate=2011-06-07|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}} 9. ^1 2 3 {{California's Geographic Names|798}} 10. ^"Correction," The Madera Tribune, Feb 12, 2015, Page A2 11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=59137&cityname=Madera,+California,+United+States+of+America&units=|title=Madera, California Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)|last=|first=|date=|website=Weatherbase|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-12-13}} 12. ^{{Cite web|url=http://dspace.calstate.edu/bitstream/handle/10211.2/2287/CAgeographer1966p1-12.pdf?sequence=3|title=A MODIFIED KOEPPEN CLASSIFICATION OF CALIFORNIA'S CLIMATES ACCORDING TO RECENT DATA*|last=James|first=John W.|date=1966|website=dspace.calstate.edu|publisher=Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=December 13, 2018}} 13. ^National Weather Service San Joaquin Valley; NOW Data – NOAA Online Weather Data 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca5233|title=MADERA, CALIFORNIA — Climate Summary|work=dri.edu}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=https://wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ca5233 |title=Madera, California (045233) - Climate Summar|publisher=Western Regional Climate Center |access-date=December 13, 2018 }} 16. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weatherall.php3?s=59137&cityname=Madera-California-United-States-of-America&units=us |title=Monthly - All Weather Averages|publisher=WeatherBase |access-date=December 13, 2018 }} 17. ^"Madera MMA fighter wins title," The Madera Tribune, Oct. 29, 2010, Page A6 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/mma/story/_/id/9081508/lavar-johnson-cut-ufc-suspension-source-says|title=Lavar Johnson cut by UFC after suspension, source says|work=ESPN.com|date=2013-03-21}} 19. ^{{cite web|last=Larkin|first=Duncan|title=Oswaldo Lopez Prevails At The Badwater Ultramarathon|url=http://running.competitor.com/2011/07/news/oswaldo-lopez-prevails-at-the-badwater-ultramarathon_32575|work=Competitor Magazine|publisher=Competitor Group, Inc.|accessdate= January 28, 2014|date=2011-07-13}} 20. ^{{cite news |url=http://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=MT19310828.2.69 |title=Frank McNally To Play Professional Football |work=Madera Tribune |date=1931-08-28 |page=4 |accessdate=2016-11-08 }} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/high-speed-rail/article75215522.html|title=High-speed rail plans Madera stop|author=|date=|website=fresnobee.com|accessdate=March 18, 2018}} 22. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2017.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=October 31, 2018}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0645022|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Madera city|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=July 12, 2014}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}} 26. ^{{cite web | url = http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html | title = Statewide Database | publisher = UC Regents | accessdate = November 18, 2014}} 27. ^{{Cite GovTrack|CA|16}} External links{{commons category}}{{Wikivoyage|Madera}}
6 : Incorporated cities and towns in California|Madera, California|County seats in California|Populated places established in 1876|Cities in Madera County, California|1876 establishments in California |
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