| 词条 | Puerco River |
| 释义 |
| name = Puerco River Rio Puerco | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | image = Puerco River in Petrified Forest NP.jpg | image_caption = Flowing near Puerco Pueblo, in Petrified Forest National Park | image_size = 300 | map = | map_size = 300 | map_caption = | pushpin_map = USA Arizona | pushpin_map_size = 300 | pushpin_map_caption= The mouth of the Puerco River on the Little Colorado River, northeast-central Arizona | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = United States | subdivision_type2 = State | subdivision_name2 = Arizona, New Mexico | subdivision_type3 = Region | subdivision_name3 = Colorado Plateau | subdivision_type4 = County | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = {{convert|167|mi|km|abbr=on}}[1] | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= near Chambers, Arizona | discharge1_min = {{convert|0|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_avg = {{convert|70|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}} | discharge1_max = {{convert|17800|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}} | source1 = near Hosta Butte | source1_location = McKinley County, New Mexico | source1_coordinates= {{coord|35|34|33|N|108|10|52|W|type:river_region:US-NM|display=inline}}[2] | source1_elevation = {{convert|7930|ft|abbr=on}}[2] | mouth = Little Colorado River | mouth_location = near Holbrook, Navajo County, Arizona | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|34|53|20|N|110|07|17|W|type:river_region:US-AZ|display=inline,title}}[3] | mouth_elevation = {{convert|5102|ft|abbr=on}}[3] | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|2654|sqmi|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }} The Puerco River or Rio Puerco is a tributary of the Little Colorado River in northwestern New Mexico and northeastern Arizona. It flows through arid terrain, including the Painted Desert. NameThe Puerco River is sometimes called Rio Puerco of the West, to distinguish it from the Rio Puerco of the East that rises in the same vicinity but flows east to the Rio Grande.[4] Although the word Puerco means pig, it also used to mean dirty or filthy in Spanish, this usage in the southwest United States is better translated as Dirty River or Muddy River due its high content of silt and mud.[5] GeographyThe intermittent river is the main tributary of the Little Colorado River, which is a tributary of the Colorado River. It drains an area of about {{convert|2654|mi2|km2}} and is {{convert|167|mi}} long.[1] The river's average discharge is very low, less than {{convert|70|cuft/s|m3/s}} in normal years, because its drainage basin is extremely dry. For most of the year, the Puerco River is a braided wash containing little or no water, although large flash floods can occur in downpours. CourseThe Puerco River headwaters are on the western slopes of the Continental Divide of the Americas, {{convert|0.5|mi|km}} east of Hosta Butte, in McKinley County, New Mexico. It flows first north, and then west, through a wide and barren desert valley bordered by high rocky buttes and cliffs. It passes under Interstate 40, and receives the South Fork Puerco River from the right-south near Gallup. For most of its remaining course, I-40 and the former Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway (now the BNSF Railway) tracks follow the river's valley. The Puerco River crosses into Apache County, Arizona. It flows by Houck, Sanders, and Chambers, and then flows through the middle of Petrified Forest National Park, where Lithodendron Wash enters from the left-north. The river then flows southwest to its confluence with the Little Colorado River, near the eastern side of Holbrook.[6] DischargeThe United States Geological Survey (USGS) operates a Puerco River stream gauge {{convert|1|mi|km}} southwest of Chambers in Arizona. The maximum discharge recorded by this gauge between 1971 and 2009 was {{convert|17800|cuft/s|m3/s}} on Sept. 30, 1971, and the minimum discharge was often zero, from a drainage basin of {{convert|2156|sqmi|km2}}.[7] Water pollutionNavajos in the Puerco River Valley have used surface waters in the Puerco River for livestock watering for decades.[8]From the 1950s through the early 1980s, the Puerco River ran almost continuously from being fed by mining wastewater, some untreated, from uranium mines upstream.[9] Radioactive spill{{main|Church Rock uranium mill spill}}The Church Rock uranium mill spill is one of the worst radioactive spills in U.S. history. On July 16, 1979, a tailings pond at the Church Rock uranium mill, owned by United Nuclear Corporation, breached its dam and 93 million gallons (350,000 m3) of radioactive, acidic uranium tailings solution flowed into the North Fork of the Puerco River.[10] Approximately {{convert|1100|ST|MT|lk=out}} of uranium mine waste contaminated {{convert|250|acre|ha}} of land and up to {{convert|50|mi|km}} of the Puerco River.[11][12] See also{{commons category|Puerco River}}
References1. ^1 {{cite web| url=http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/| title=The National Map| publisher=U.S. Geological Survey| accessdate=Feb 25, 2011}} {{Rivers and streams of Arizona}}2. ^Source elevation derived from Google Earth search using GNIS source coordinates. 3. ^1 2 {{cite web | work = Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) | publisher = United States Geological Survey | date = February 8, 1980 | url ={{Gnis3|9803}} | title = Puerco River | accessdate = May 28, 2010}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Feature Detail Report – DecisionCard #694.9 Puerco River|url=https://geonames.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=gnispq:3:0::NO::P3_FID:9803|publisher=USGS GNIS|accessdate=2 January 2017}} 5. ^{{cite web| publisher = University of New Mexico Press | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=2cxVwA-fyoEC&pg=PA127&lpg=PA127&dq=puerco+river+etymology&source=bl&ots=v96aLCsA7J&sig=dmZab1Q0uXoFFK5ZG8RuQ7jLuY4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjykeDahtrMAhVH_IMKHfYHCKMQ6AEIRjAI#v=onepage&q=puerco%20river%20etymology&f=false | title = The Spanish Language of New Mexico and Southern Colorado: A Linguistic Atlas | author= Garland D. Bills, Neddy A. Vigil}} 6. ^{{cite map |publisher=ACME Mapper |title=USGS Topo Maps for United States |year= |cartography=United States Geological Survey |accessdate=2010-10-01|url=http://mapper.acme.com/}} 7. ^{{cite web| publisher = United States Geological Survey | url =http://wdr.water.usgs.gov/wy2009/pdfs/09396100.2009.pdf | format = pdf | title = Water-Data Report 2009: 09396100 Puerco River near Chambers, AZ|accessdate = May 29, 2010}} 8. ^Chris Shuey Contaminant Loading on the Puerco River A Historical Overview {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014224806/http://www.sric.org/uranium/PUERCO92.html |date=2008-10-14 }} Southwest Research and Information Center, October 14, 1992 9. ^{{citation|last=Gault|first=Ramona|date=September 13, 1989|title=Navajos inherit a legacy of radiation|newspaper=In These Times|location=Chicago}} 10. ^{{cite book|last=Pasternak |first=Judy |year=2010 |title=Yellow Dirt: A Poisoned Land and a People Betrayed|publisher=Free Press |isbn= 1416594825 |ref=pasternak|page=149}} 11. ^Brendan Giusti, Radiation Spill in Church Rock Still Haunts 30 Years Later, The Daily Times (Farmington, New Mexico), July 16, 2009, Section: Local 12. ^Carl Jensen, Project Censored (U.S.) 20 Years of Censored News {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100106050729/http://www.projectcensored.org/static/1979/1979-story6.htm |date=2010-01-06 }} Seven Stories Press, July 1, 2003, p. 84, {{ISBN|1-888363-52-5}} 8 : Rivers of Arizona|Rivers of New Mexico|Tributaries of the Colorado River in Arizona|Tributaries of the Colorado River in New Mexico|Rivers of Apache County, Arizona|Rivers of McKinley County, New Mexico|Rivers of Navajo County, Arizona|Petrified Forest National Park |
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