- References
- Bibliography
The Puerto Hormiga archaeological site is located in the Bolivar department, Colombia, in the lower Magdalena basin near the Caribbean coast. It is dated 4000 - 3100 BC. Its traces provide evidence of a semi-sedentary agricultural society in the making, whose members were involved in hunting and gathering shellfish. Middens of shells were found there. According to other findings, such as ceramic remains and abundant stone material, the nomadic peoples were beginning to complement their activities with small-scale horticulture and agriculture. A shell ring of the Late Archaic period has been described at Puerto Hormiga. The Puerto Hormiga ring is composed primarily of clam shells, and is located in a marsh. It has an outside diameter of {{convert|280|ft|m}}, a height of about {{convert|4|ft|m}}, and the base of the ring mound is {{convert|52|ft|m}} to {{convert|75|ft|m}} wide. It has a clear interior plaza.[1]Sherds of fiber-tempered and sand-tempered pottery, as well as stone tools, were found associated with the shell ring. The earliest have been dated to 3794 BC. The fiber-tempered pottery is "crude", formed from a single lump of clay. Sand-tempered coiled ceramics have also been found at Puerto Hormiga.[2][3][4][5] References 1. ^Hemmings:7-8
2. ^Hemmings:7-8
3. ^Clark and Gosser:210-11
4. ^Peregrine and Ember:149, 151
5. ^Walthall:81-83
Bibliography - {{cite book|last=Clark|first=John E. and Dennis Gosser|title=The Emergence of Pottery: Technology and Innovation in Ancient Societies|year=1995|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|isbn=978-1-56098-516-7|pages=209–219|url=http://www.clas.ufl.edu/users/dcgrove/mexarchreadings/reinventing.pdf|editor=William K. Barnett and John W. Hoopes|accessdate=22 November 2011|chapter=Reinventing Mesoamerica's First Pottery}}
- {{cite web|last=Hemmings|first=E. Thomas|title=Emergence of Formative Life on the Atlantic Coast of the Southeast|url=http://scholarcommons.sc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=archanth_books|work=Research Manuscript Series, Book 6|publisher=University of South Carolina|accessdate=19 November 2011|year=1970}}
- {{cite encyclopedia|editor2-first=Peter Neal|editor2-last=Peregrine|editor2-link=Peter N. Peregrine|editor1-first=Melvin|editor1-last=Ember|editor1-link=Melvin Ember|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Prehistory|volume=5 : Middle America|year=2001|publisher=Springer|isbn=0-306-46259-1|page=290|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LnZn1kfWeL8C&dq=Adrian+Maya+Rodriguez&ie=ISO-8859-1&source=gbs_gdata}}
- {{cite book|last=Walthall|first=John A.|title=Prehistoric Indians of the Southeast: Archaeology of Alabama and the Middle South|year=1980|publisher=The University of Alabama Press|location=Tuscaloosa, Alabama|isbn=0-8173-0552-1|pages=81–83|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s86X6CHyEyUC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Prehistoric+Indians+of+the+Southeast:+Archaeology+of+Alabama+and+the+Middle+South&hl=en&ei=6De3TtitL5K2tgfsn7HRAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false}}
{{Archaeological sites in Colombia}}{{coord missing|Colombia}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Puerto Hormiga Archaeological Site}} 4 : Archaeological sites in Colombia|Former populated places in Colombia|Buildings and structures in Bolívar Department|Shell rings |