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{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}}The place names of the Maghreb come from a variety of origins, mostly Arabic and Berber, but including a few derived from Phoenician, Latin, and several other languages. This is well illustrated by the three largest cities of Algeria, for instance: Algiers from Arabic al-jazā'ir "the islands", Oran from wahran from Berber wa-iharan "place of lions" and Constantine (Arabic Qasantina {{lang|ar|قسنطينة}}) from the Latin name of the emperor Constantine. Phoenician names include Jijel, shortened from Latin Igilgili, from Phoenician i gilgilt "Skull Island" (according to Lipinski),{{where?|date=December 2018}} and Carthage, ultimately from Punic qrt-ḥdšt ({{lang|xpu|𐤒𐤓𐤕 𐤇𐤃𐤔𐤕}}) "New City." Given the fact that Arabs founded very few cities in the regions they conquered, a large portion of cities in Arab countries have non-Arab etymologies. Many places, however, have had their names changed and "Arabized." The following toponymic elements are common in place names in the Maghreb: - agadir, granary, wall {{Language icon|ber}}, from Punic {{lang|xpu|𐤀𐤂𐤃𐤓}}, ʾgdr, the name of ancient Cadiz
- aghbal أغبال, spring. {{Language icon|ber}}
- adrar أدرار, mountain. {{Language icon|ber}}
- tit eye, source, plural tittawin. {{Language icon|ber}}
- aït or ath آيت, "sons of". {{Language icon|ber}}
- ighrem "settlement" {{Language icon|ber}}
- azrou أزرو, "stone" from {{Language icon|ber}} "azru"
- berkane بركان, "black" from {{Language icon|ber}} aberkan.
- bordj برج, fort. from Latin
- bou بو, place of (literally "father of"). Maghrebi Arabic and {{Language icon|ber}}, from {{Language icon|ar}} abū أبو.
- casbah قصبة, old quarter of a town. {{Language icon|ar}}
- chergui شرقي (pl. cheraga شراقة), eastern. {{Language icon|ar}}
- chott شطّ, a swampy salt lake. Maghrebi Arabic, from {{Language icon|ar}} shātī شاطئ
- dar دار, pl. diar ديار, home. {{Language icon|ar}}
- djebel جبل, mountain. {{Language icon|ar}}
- djemaa جامع, mosque. {{Language icon|ar}}
- douar دوار, (traditionally) region about the size of a county {{Language icon|ar}}
- erg "field of dunes" (in the Sahara.)
- foggara "irrigation channel" (in the Sahara.)
- gharbi غربي, "western" {{Language icon|ar}}
- hamada, "barren rock plain" (in the Sahara.)
- hamra f., hmar m. أحمر, "red" {{Language icon|ar}}
- hassi حاسي, "well" (in the Sahara.)
- i, Latin transcriptions of Punic {{sc|ʾy}} ({{lang|xpu|𐤀𐤉}}, "island, coastland"), from Egyptian iw ("island"){{sfnp|Watson|2013|p=328}}
- idhan "sand dunes", Tamahaq, the Tuareg language. {{Language icon|ber}}
- ifrane "caves". {{Language icon|ber}}
- ighil "hill". {{Language icon|ber}}
- in "of", Tamahaq, Tuareg language. {{Language icon|ber}}
- kalaa قلعة, "fortress". {{Language icon|ar}}
- khemis خميس, "Thursday". {{Language icon|ar}}
- ksar قصر, "fortified town, castle". {{Language icon|ar}} from Latin castrum
- lalla لالاّ, "female saint". Maghrebi Arabic from {{Language icon|ber}}
- larbâa "Wednesday". {{Language icon|ar}}
- melloul ملول, mellal ملال, mellil مليل, "white" from {{Language icon|ber}} amellal.
- mersa مرسى, "port" {{Language icon|ar}}
- n ن, "of" {{Language icon|ber}}
- oued واد. Maghrebi Arabic from {{Language icon|ar}} wādī وادي
- ouled ولاد, "sons of" Maghrebi Arabic from {{Language icon|ar}} awlâd أولاد.
- ras راس, "cape, head" {{Language icon|ar}}
- rus ({{lang-xpu|𐤓𐤔}}, {{sc|rš}}, "head, cape")
- sebkha ou sabkha, "salt pan"
- seghir صغير, "small" {{Language icon|ar}}
- si سي or sidi سيدي, "male saint" {{Language icon|ar}}
- souk سوق, "market" {{Language icon|ar}} مرسى, search
- tadrart "the rock" Tamahaq. {{Language icon|ber}}
- tala تالا, "spring" {{Language icon|ber}}; attested as early as Sallust's time in the form Thala.
- tan, tin "of, in" Tamahaq. {{Language icon|ber}}
- taourirt تاوريرت, "hill". {{Language icon|ber}}
- tedles تدلس, "reeds". {{Language icon|ber}}
- tehe "pass" Tamahaq, Tuareg language. {{Language icon|ber}}
- tell تل, "hill" {{Language icon|ar}}
- tizi تيزي, "pass" {{Language icon|ber}}
- Ténéré صحراء تينيري, "desert" {{Language icon|ber}}
- Wahran وهران, "city", Literary {{Language icon|ar}}
- wan, win "of" Tamahaq. {{Language icon|ber}}
- zaouia زاوية "Quranic school" Maghrebi Arabic, from {{Language icon|ar}} "corner".
- zemmour زمور. {{Language icon|ber}} azemmur, f. tazemmurt "olive tree".
- Zenati زناتي, from the medieval {{Language icon|ber}} tribe Zenata.
- zeriba زريبة, "stockade" {{Language icon|ar}}
- zmala زمالة, pl. zmoul زمول "encampment"
ReferencesCitationsBibliography- {{citation |last=Watson |first=Wilfred G.E. |contribution-url=https://www.academia.edu/16654765/Loanwords_in_Phoenician_and_Punic |contribution=Loanwords in Phoenician and Punic |title=Ritual, Religion, and Reason |editor=Oswald Loretz |editor2=Sergio Ribichini |editor3=Wilfred G.E. Watson |editor4=José Á. Zamora |display-editors=0 |series=Veröffentlichungen zur Kultur und Geschichte des Alten Orients und des Alten Testaments, No.{{nbsp}}404 |editor5=Manfried Dietrich |editor6=Hans Neumann |editor7=Kai A. Metzler |publisher=Ugarit-Verlag |location=Munster |date=2013 |pp=327–346 }}.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Maghreb Placename Etymology}} 4 : Maghreb|Sahrawi culture|Names of places in Africa|Etymologies of geographic names |